Search Results (15)

Background/Objectives: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that may involve the eye, causing surface and adnexal damage that can precede cutaneous signs. Detecting subclinical ocular changes is clinically important because early ocular surface dysfunction may be missed on routine examination yet progress to corneal complications, allowing earlier preventive management when identified. We prospectively evaluated subclinical ocular alterations in cutaneous rosacea using a combined, fully non-invasive high-tech imaging workflow—tear film interferometry, infrared meibography, and exploratory retinal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A)—including patients without clinically evident ocular involvement. Methods: Sixteen patients with cutaneous rosacea (mean age 44.3 ± 11.2 years; 4 males, 12 females) were enrolled and divided into: Group 1—rosacea with clinically evident ocular involvement (n = 11); Group 2—rosacea without clinical ocular involvement (n = 5). Six age-matched healthy subjects served as controls (Group 3). All underwent LipiView II^® interferometry and meibography to quantify lipid-layer thickness (LLT, nm) and meibomian gland (MG) loss score (1 = normal–4 = severe), plus retinal OCT-A (Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, USA). ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test assessed inter-group differences. Results: OCT-A showed no significant alterations in superficial or deep retinal plexuses across groups (p > 0.05). Conversely, LLT was significantly reduced in both rosacea groups vs. controls (OD: 45.5 ± 21.4 nm and 67.4 ± 10.1 nm vs. 92.7 ± 8.2 nm; OS: 40.4 ± 15.3 nm and 66.4 ± 10.1 nm vs. 96.0 ± 6.7 nm; p < 0.001). MG score was markedly higher (worse) in rosacea (OD: 3.63 ± 0.50 and 3.20 ± 0.83 vs. 1.83 ± 0.75; OS: 3.45 ± 0.68 and 3.40 ± 0.54 vs. 1.66 ± 0.81; p < 0.001). Ocular symptoms were reported by 85% of patients yet slit-lamp examination revealed surface alterations in 58% of asymptomatic cases. Conclusions: Tear film interferometry and meibography detect early ocular surface impairment in rosacea—even in the absence of clinical signs—while retinal microvasculature appears unaffected. Routine ophthalmologic screening of all rosacea patients could enable prompt treatment of subclinical dysfunction, potentially preventing corneal complications. Retinal OCTA metrics were not significantly different in this small pilot cohort, and these negative findings should be interpreted cautiously pending larger studies. Full article

Background: The Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) has recently emerged as a novel prognostic biomarker in several malignancies, particularly in patients receiving immunotherapy. However, its role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), especially in non-metastatic and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-treated patients, remains unclear. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 153 patients diagnosed with RCC between 2012 and 2024 were analyzed. Prognostic scores including LIPI, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) scores were calculated. The patients were stratified into risk groups (good, intermediate, and poor) based on these scores. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods. Correlations between scoring systems were assessed using Pearson’s correlation. Results: The median follow-up was 29.1 months. A total of 55 (35.9%) patients had metastases at diagnosis. LIPI was significantly associated with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) (p < 0.05). In the multivariate Cox analysis, LIPI remained an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS. Strong positive correlations were found between LIPI and both IMDC and MSKCC scores (r > 0.6, p < 0.001). Notably, LIPI demonstrated prognostic relevance even in patients treated with TKIs. Conclusions: LIPI is a simple and accessible prognostic tool that provides significant survival stratification in RCC patients. Its predictive utility extends beyond immunotherapy cohorts, indicating potential value in broader RCC management. Integration of LIPI into current prognostic models may improve individualized treatment approaches. Full article

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between the Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) measured at diagnosis and both event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: This retrospective cohort included patients diagnosed with stage III NSCLC between September 2022 and July 2024, all of whom had a minimum follow-up duration of six months. LIPI was calculated using the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) and lactate dehydrogenase levels at diagnosis. Clinical, demographic, and treatment-related data were systematically collected. Survival outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier approach, while factors associated with prognosis were examined through Cox proportional hazards models. Results: The study population consisted of 68 patients, predominantly male (86.8%), with a mean age of 63.4 ± 8.7 years. According to the Lung Immune Prognostic Index classification, 29 patients (42.6%) were categorized as having a good score, 27 (39.7%) as intermediate, and 12 (17.6%) as poor. During a median follow-up of 15.4 months, a total of 40 progressions and 22 deaths occurred. Median EFS was 17.7, 9.4, and 5.8 months for good, intermediate, and poor LIPI groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Median OS was 25.7 months in the good LIPI group, was not reached in the intermediate group due to insufficient events, and was 6.7 months in the poor group (p < 0.001). In multivariate Cox analysis, poor LIPI was independently associated with inferior survival (EFS: HR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.85–4.46, p < 0.001; OS: HR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.40–4.78, p = 0.002). Conclusions: LIPI calculated at diagnosis is an independent prognostic factor for both EFS and OS in stage III NSCLC. Validation in larger, prospective cohorts is warranted to further define its prognostic role in stage III NSCLC. Full article

We assessed the efficacy of the lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) in predicting the progression of pathological T3 renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The LIPI scores of patients with pathological T3 RCC were calculated in the pre- and post-operative phases. Patients were divided into zero-point, one-point, and two-point groups according to their LIPI score and into the upstage and non-upstage groups according to the pre- and post-operative increase in LIPI score. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curves stratified by group. Univariate and multivariate analyses of OS were performed via Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. LIPI scores were calculated in 80 patients wherein blood sampling data were available. The upstage and non-upstage groups comprised eight and seventy-two patients, respectively. Kaplan–Meier curves showed a significant difference in the pre- to post-operative LIPI score upstage group. LIPI score change was a poor prognostic factor using univariate analysis (OS: hazard ratio (HR) = 4.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07–15.61, p = 0.038) and multivariate analysis (OS: HR = 4.38, 95% CI = 1.13–16.89, p = 0.031). An increase in the LIPI score in the pre-operative phase was a poor prognostic factor for pathological T3 RCC. Full article

Background/Objectives: The Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) has emerged as a promising biomarker for predicting outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC). We assessed whether LIPI, in combination with baseline clinical characteristics, can guide first-line treatment selection between pembrolizumab (P) and pembrolizumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy (PCT) in patients with PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 50% and EGFR/ALK/ROS1 wild-type. Methods: A predictive score was developed using baseline clinical variables, including age, sex, smoking status, and LIPI, in a proof-of-concept cohort (n = 241). This model was then validated in an independent cohort of 409 patients. OS was compared between patients treated with P versus PCT, stratified by predictive score. Results: In the proof-of-concept cohort, the median OS was 18.3 months for P and 26.6 months for PCT (p = 0.001). In the validation cohort, the median OS was 28.0 months for P and 22.2 months for PCT (p = 0.062). Stratification using the predictive score showed that patients with high scores (3–5) had improved OS with PCT compared to P (31.2 vs. 25.5 months, p = 0.001), while those with low scores (0–2) derived similar benefits from both treatments. Conclusions: This LIPI-based predictive score may assist in identifying aNSCLC patients who derive greater benefit from chemo-immunotherapy over immunotherapy. Its simplicity and clinical relevance support integration into treatment decision-making, pending prospective validation. Full article

Background: The efficacy of immunotherapies in soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) is limited, and biomarkers of response are lacking. The lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) is a prognostic biomarker used with immunotherapy across cancer types. This study investigates the association of LIPI with the disease control rate (DCR) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with STS treated with immunotherapy versus other therapies in early-phase trials. Methods: This post hoc analysis was conducted with patients with STS from Gustave Roussy and Centre Léon Bérard between January 2012 and June 2021. The LIPI was calculated based on a derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio > 3 and elevated lactate dehydrogenase. Patients were categorized based on treatment (immunotherapy or other) and LIPI (good, intermediate, or poor). DCR was defined as the sum of stable disease and complete and partial response. Results: A total of 82 patients were enrolled in immunotherapy trials and 126 in the other therapy trials. In the immunotherapy group, DCR was higher in patients with good LIPI (76%; n = 23/30) compared with the intermediate (50%; n = 13/26) and poor LIPI groups (8%; n = 1/12; p < 0.001). The other-therapy group did not show significant differences in DCR by LIPI: DCR was 70% (n = 48/69), 70% (n = 21/30), and 60% (n = 6/10) in patients with good, intermediate, and poor LIPI, respectively (p = 0.86). In multivariate analyses, LIPI was independently associated with PFS in the immunotherapy group (hazard ratio = 5.97, p = 0.0001) and not in the control group (p = 0.71). Conclusions: LIPI is a significant independent prognostic marker for DCR in patients with STS treated with immunotherapy. In early-phase trials, LIPI could be used as a screening tool for stratification at inclusion. High neutrophil levels, which correlate with a poorer LIPI score, are likely associated with immunotherapy resistance. This relationship could explain the statistical impact of poor LIPI in the immunotherapy group. Full article

Introduction: In recent years, several inflammation-related factors and nutritional parameters have been evaluated to develop prognostic scores as potential biomarkers in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the prognostic role of the advanced lung cancer inflammation (ALI) index, lung immune prognostic index (LIPI), prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and systemic inflammation score (SIS) in metastatic NSCLC patients receiving ICI alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Methods and patients: We retrospectively included 191 patients with advanced NSCLC who received first-line ICI with or without chemotherapy from 2017 to 2024. The association between pretreatment ALI, LIPI, PNI, and SIS and overall survival (OS) was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression models. Results: After a median follow-up of 27.7 months, significantly longer OS was associated with an ALI score > 18 vs. ≤18 (18.0 vs. 7.3 months; p = 0.00111), LIPI score 0 vs. 1 and 2 [18.9 vs. 8.2 and 4.2 months; (p = 0.001)], PNI ≥ 45 vs. <45 (22.7 vs. 9.6 months; p = 0.002), and SIS score 0 vs. 1 and 2 (27.4 vs. 7.1 and 8.6 months, respectively; p < 0.001). The OS benefit was independent of treatment (ICI vs. ICI + chemotherapy). At multivariate analysis, pretreatment albumin was positively associated with OS, while ECOG PS 1 and liver metastases were negatively associated with OS. Conclusions: Inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers such as the ALI, LIPI, PNI, and SIS represent useful tools to prognosticate survival in metastatic lung cancer patients treated with ICI alone or in combination with chemotherapy as first-line. Full article

With emerging options in immediate postoperative settings for high-risk renal cell carcinoma (hrRCC), further risk stratification may be relevant for informed decision making. Balancing the benefits and drawbacks of adjuvant immunotherapy is recommended. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) in this setting. This bi-institutional retrospective study recruited 235 patients who underwent radical surgery for hrRCC between 2004 and 2021. LIPI scores were calculated based on the derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and lactate dehydrogenase levels. The association between LIPI scores and local or distant recurrence was analyzed, along with other possible clinical factors. The median recurrence-free survival (RFS) period was 36.4 months. Based on the LIPI scores, 119, 91, and 25 patients were allocated to the good, intermediate, and poor groups, respectively. The RFS was significantly correlated with the LIPI scores, and the 36 month survival rates were 67.3, 36.2, and 11.0% in the good, intermediate, and poor groups, respectively. In the multivariate model, the LIPI independently predicted the RFS, along with symptoms at diagnosis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, pT status, pN status, and tumor grade. The C-index of the LIPI in predicting RFS was 0.63, and prediction accuracy improved with the addition of the LIPI to both GRade, Age, Nodes, Tumor, and the UCLA Integrated Staging System. Conclusively, the LIPI can be a significant prognostic biomarker for predicting hrRCC recurrence, particularly for identifying the highest-risk cohort. Full article

In advanced cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint blockade, the burden of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) is high. The need for reliable biomarkers for irAEs remains unfulfilled in this expanding therapeutic field. The lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) is a noninvasive measure of systemic inflammation that has consistently shown a correlation with survival in various cancer types when assessed at baseline. This study sought to determine whether early changes in the LIPI score could discriminate the risk of irAEs and different survival outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving PD-(L)1 blockade-based therapies. We included consecutive patients diagnosed with metastatic NSCLC who received pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or atezolizumab as second-line therapy following platinum-based chemotherapy, or first-line pembrolizumab either alone or in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy. The LIPI score relied on the combined values of derived neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) and lactate dehydrogenase. Their assessment at baseline and after two cycles of treatment allowed us to categorize the population into three subgroups with good (LIPI-0), intermediate (LIPI-1), and poor (LIPI-2) prognosis. Between April 2016 and May 2023, we enrolled a total of 345 eligible patients, 165 (47.8%) and 180 (52.2%) of whom were treated as first- and second-line at our facility, respectively. After applying propensity score matching, we considered 83 relevant patients in each cohort with a homogeneous distribution of all characteristics across the baseline LIPI subgroups. There was a noticeable change in the distribution of LIPI categories due to a significant decrease in dNLR values during treatment. Although no patients shifted to a worse prognosis category, 20 (24.1%) transitioned from LIPI-1 to LIPI-0, and 7 (8.4%) moved from LIPI-2 to LIPI-1 (p < 0.001). Throughout a median observation period of 7.3 (IQR 3.9–15.1) months, a total of 158 irAEs (63.5%) were documented, with 121 (48.6%) and 39 (15.7%) patients experiencing mild to moderate and severe adverse events, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the classification and changes in the LIPI score while on treatment were independent predictors of irAEs. The LIPI-0 group was found to have significantly increased odds of experiencing irAEs. Following a median follow-up period of 21.1 (95% CI 17.9–25.8) months, the multivariable Cox model confirmed LIPI categorization at any given time point as a significant covariate with influence on overall survival, irrespective of the treatment line. These findings suggest that reassessing the LIPI score after two cycles of treatment could help pinpoint patients particularly prone to immune-related toxicities. Those who maintain a good LIPI score or move from the intermediate to good category would be more likely to develop irAEs. The continuous assessment of LIPI provides prognostic insights and could be useful for predicting the benefit of PD-(L)1 checkpoint inhibitors. Full article

Background: We investigated the relationships between inflammatory markers such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI), and modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) to determine whether they could predict treatment response to pembrolizumab or nivolumab (immunotherapy) 6 weeks after the start of treatment (post-treatment). Methods: We included all patients with lung cancer treated with immunotherapy. We examined the biomarker trends and explored their associations with progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and response rate (RR) at 6 weeks. Results: Eighty-three patients were enrolled in the study. The presence of liver metastasis, low post-treatment NLR (<5), low post-treatment PLR (<170), intermediate post-treatment LIPI, and immune-related adverse events were significantly associated with the response. The multivariate analysis revealed that high post-treatment NLRs ≥ 5 (p = 0.004) and PLRs ≥ 170 (p ≤ 0.001) were independent prognostic factors of shorter OS. A good LIPI status was associated with better PFS (p = 0.020) and OS (p = 0.065). Post-treatment mGPS (0–2) was significantly associated with improved PFS (p = 0.009) and OS (p = 0.064). Conclusions: Post-treatment NLR, PLR, LIPI, and mGPS are associated with worse OS and recurrence. These findings should be independently and prospectively validated in further studies. Full article

The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), for instance, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockers, has greatly improved the outcome of patients affected by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, most NSCLC patients either do not respond to ICI monotherapy or develop resistance to it after an initial response. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers for predicting the response of patients to ICI monotherapy represents an urgent issue. Great efforts are currently dedicated toward identifying blood-based biomarkers to predict responses to ICI monotherapy. In this study, more commonly utilized blood-based biomarkers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) score, as well as the frequency/number and activation status of various types of circulating innate immune cell populations, were evaluated in NSCLC patients at baseline before therapy initiation. The data indicated that, among all the parameters tested, low plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC), slan⁺-monocyte and natural killer cell counts, as well as a high LIPI score and elevated PD-L1 expression levels on type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s), were independently correlated with a negative response to ICI therapy in NSCLC patients. The results from this study suggest that the evaluation of innate immune cell numbers and phenotypes may provide novel and promising predictive biomarkers for ICI monotherapy in NSCLC patients. Full article

Few prognostic factors have been identified in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) was associated with clinical outcomes for ICIs in several tumor types. We aim to assess the value of the LIPI in patients with mUC treated with ICIs. A retrospective ICI cohort and a validation cohort (SAUL cohort) included, respectively, patients with mUC treated with ICI in 8 European centers (any line) and patients treated with atezolizumab in a second or further line. A chemotherapy-only cohort was also analyzed. The LIPI score was based on 2 factors, derived neutrophils/(leukocytes minus neutrophils) ratio (dNLR) > 3 and lactate dehydrogenase > upper limit of normal, and defined 3 prognostic groups. The association of LIPI with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed. In the ICI and SAUL cohorts, 137 and 541 patients were respectively analyzed. In the ICI cohort, mPFS and mOS were 3.6 mo (95% CI; 2.6–6.0) and 13.8 mo (95% CI; 11.5–23.2) whereas in the SAUL cohort the mPFS and mOS were 2.2 mo (95% CI; 2.1–2.3) and 8.7 mo (95% CI; 7.8–9.9) respectively. The LIPI classified the population of these cohorts in good (56%; 52%), intermediate (35%; 36%) and poor (9%; 12%) prognostic groups (values for the ICI and SAUL cohorts respectively). Poor LIPI was associated with a poorer OS in both cohorts: hazard ratio (HR) for the ICI cohort = 2.69 (95% CI; 1.24–5.84, p = 0.035); HR = 2. 89 for the SAUL cohort (CI 95%: 1.93–4.32, p < 0.0001). Similar results were found in the chemo cohort. The LIPI score allows to identify different subgroups in patients with good prognostis according to the Bellmunt score criteria, with a subset of patients with poorer outcomes having an mOS of 3.7 mo compared to the good and intermediate LIPI subgroups with mOS of 17.9 and 7.4 mo, respectively. The LIPI score was associated with survival in mUC patients treated by ICIs. Future prospective studies will be required to test the combination of Bellmunt score and the LIPI score as a more accurate prognosis tool. Full article

Background: An acceptable risk-benefit ratio may encourage the prescription of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) near the late stage of life. The lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) was validated in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with ICIs. The palliative prognostic (PaP) score without clinical prediction of survival (PaPwCPS) predicts early mortality probability in terminal cancer patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective study including 182 deceased advanced NSCLC patients, treated with single-agent ICI at our Institution. Two prognostic categories of high and low mortality risk were identified through ROC curve analysis for PaPwCPS and LIPI scores. Results: Most were >65 years of age (68.3%) and received second-line ICI (61.2%). A total of 29 (15.9%) and 131 (72.0%) patients died within 30 and 90 days from treatment start, respectively. A total of 81 patients (44.5%) received ICI during the last month of life. Baseline PaPwCPS and LIPI scores were assessable for 78 patients. The AUC of ROC curves was significantly increased for PaPwCPS as compared with LIPI score for both 30-day and 90-day mortality. A high PaPwCPS score was associated in multivariate analysis with increased 30-day (HR 2.69, p = 0.037) and 90-day (HR 4.01, p < 0.001) mortality risk. A high LIPI score was associated with increased 90-day mortality risk (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We found a tendency towards ICI prescription near the late stage of life. The PaPwCPS score was a reliable predictor of 30- and 90-day mortality. Full article

Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) represents a valid therapeutic option in older patients for several solid cancer types. However, most of the data concerning efficacy and adverse events of ICB available are derived from younger and fitter patients. Reliable biomarkers are needed to better select the population that will benefit from ICB especially in older patients who may be at a higher risk of developing immune-related adverse events (irAEs) with a greater impact on their quality of life. The Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) is a score that combines pretreatment dNLR (neutrophils/[leukocytes − neutrophils]) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and is correlated with outcomes in patients treated with ICB in non-small-cell lung cancer. We aimed to assess the impact of LIPI in ICB outcomes in a dedicated cohort of older patients. The primary objective was to study the prognostic role of LIPI score in patients aged 70 years or above in a real-life population treated with anti-programmed death-(ligand)1 (anti PD-(L)1). dNLR and LDH were collected in a prospective cohort of patients aged 70 years or above treated with PD-(L)1 inhibitors with metastatic disease between June 2014 and October 2017 at Gustave Roussy. LIPI categorizes the population into three different prognostic groups: good (dNLR ≤ 3 and LDH ≤ ULN—upper normal limit), intermediate (dNLR > 3 or LDH > ULN), and poor (dNLR > 3 and LDH > ULN). Anti PD-(L)1 benefit was analyzed according to overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS), and overall response rate (ORR) using RECIST v1.1. criteria. In the 191 older patients treated, most of them (95%) were ICB-naïve, and 160 (84%) had an ECOG performance status of 0–1 with a median age at ICB treatment of 77 (range, 70–93). The most common tumor types were melanoma (66%) and non-small-cell lung cancer (15%). The median follow-up duration was 18.8 months (95% CI 14.7–24.2). LIPI classified the population into three different groups: 38 (23%) patients had a good LIPI score, 84 (51%) had an intermediate LIPI score, and 43 (26%) had a poor LIPI score. The median OS was 20.7 months [95% CI, 12.6–not reached] compared to 11.2 months [95% CI, 8.41–22.2] and 4.7 months [95% CI, 2.2–11.3] in patients with a good, intermediate, and poor LIPI score, respectively (p = 0.0003). The median PFS was 9.2 months [95% CI, 6.2–18.1] in the good LIPI group, 7.2 months [95% CI, 5.4–13] in the intermediate LIPI group, and 3.9 months [95% CI, 2.3–8.2] in the poor LIPI group (p = 0.09). The rate of early death (OS < 3 months) was 37% in the poor LIPI group compared to 5% in the good LIPI group (<0.001). Poor LIPI score was associated with a poorer outcome in older patients treated with anti PD-(L)1. LIPI is a simple and accessible worldwide tool that can serve as a prognostic factor and can be useful for stratification benefit from ICB. Full article

Combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and cytotoxic chemotherapies (chemoimmunotherapy) is associated with significantly better survival outcomes than cytotoxic chemotherapies alone in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, there are no prognostic markers for chemoimmunotherapy. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) are prognostic biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy or cytotoxic chemotherapies. Thus, we aimed to examine whether these factors could also be prognostic markers for chemoimmunotherapy. We retrospectively examined 237 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with chemoimmunotherapy. In the total group, the median overall survival (OS) was not reached, and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.6 months. Multivariate analysis of OS and PFS revealed significant differences based on PNI and LIPI. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was also significantly associated with OS and PFS. PNI and a PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) of <50% and poor LIPI (regardless of PD-L1 TPS) were associated with poor prognosis. PNI and LIPI predicted survival outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with chemoimmunotherapy, especially in patients with PD-L1 TPS <50%. For patients in this poor category, chemoimmunotherapy may result in a worse prognosis than expected. Full article