Search Results (68)

Background: The aim of the present study was to identify the discipline with the greatest predictive value for overall performance in Olympic-distance triathlon. Methods: Data were extracted from the API (Application Programming Interface) service on the World Triathlon website by signing up for the free service. A custom Python code was written to perform different data collection operations. General statistical analyses and machine learning analyses were performed by creating a Jupyter Notebook file. TensorFlow and PyTorch libraries were used for machine learning analysis. Results: Fifty percent of the employed models identified cycling as the most predictive discipline for race success for both sexes, whereas 33% selected running as the determining discipline. To achieve a podium finish, approximately 78% of the models classified running as the most predictive discipline for males, and approximately 56% of the models did so for females. For finishes between fourth and tenth place, approximately 78% of the models proposed running as the most predictive discipline for both sexes. Swimming was never identified as the most predictive discipline by the majority of models for any group or sex. Conclusion: The most predictive discipline in Olympic triathlon depends on the athlete’s sex and competitive level. Nonetheless, running remains the most consistently predictive discipline, whereas swimming rarely acts as a performance differentiator. Full article

This study presents the development of a Python-based flood-susceptibility risk-mapping tool, implemented in Jupyter Notebook, applied to Rwanda. A Flood Susceptibility Index (FSI) was developed by integrating 20 causal factors associated with flood occurrences, including topographic, hydrological, geological, and anthropogenic variables. Logistic regression, and Variance Inflation Factor were implemented in Python using libraries such as Numpy, Arcpy, traceback, scipy, Pandas, Seaborn, and statsmodel to assign weights to each factor, and to address multicollinearity. The model was validated against flood extent data derived from Sentinel-1 satellite imagery for the major historical flood event that occurred from 2014 to 2024, ensuring spatial consistency and predictive reliability. To project future flood susceptibility for 2030, precipitation data from the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace Coupled Model, version 5A, Medium Resolution (IPSL-CM5A-MR) climate model under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP 8.5) scenario were utilized. The resulting FSI was classified into five susceptibility levels, from very low to very high, and visualized using Python’s geospatial and plotting tools within Jupyter Notebook in ArcGIS Pro 3.5. It indicates that areas with high amounts of rainfall, and proximity to wetlands and rivers reveal the highest flood risk. The automated and reproducible approach offered by Python enhances transparency and scalability, providing a decision-support tool for disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation planning in Rwanda. Full article

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal discipline position in the overall result of Olympic-distance triathlon. Methods: Data were extracted for free from the API (Application Programming Interface) service on the World Triathlon website and collected using a custom Python code. Statistical and machine learning analyses were employed within a Jupyter Notebook file. Linear and polynomial regressions were calculated between the overall race position and final positions in each discipline. Descriptive statistics and machine learning analyses were computed to identify the average position and most likely average position required in each discipline, respectively. A heatmap correlation analysis was conducted between the best overall triathletes and the best discipline triathletes. Differences between the two sub-databases were assessed using the student’s t-test. Results: Across all disciplines, the average position required in each segment remains consistently better than 13th place. The heat map shows a very small, negative correlation between the best time in each discipline and the overall best race time (p-values < 0.001). The student’s t-test establishes significant differences for all disciplines and overall race time (p-values < 0.001). Conclusions: Consistently high-level performance across all disciplines is essential for ensuring a podium finish or race victory in an Olympic triathlon. Achieving the best time in each discipline is not required to contend for victory, although running appears to be a strong predictor of overall race outcome. Full article

A seatbelt is an essential aspect of safety in road traffic accidents. Although most traffic regulations enforce drivers and passengers to wear and fasten the seatbelt manually, AI-based techniques have been introduced for monitoring to improve safety standards. In this study, a new approach is proposed to address the monitoring problem of seatbelts. Deep learning (DL) classification based on adaptive Siamese Neural Network (SNN) has been developed utilizing the K-fold method for feature verification. The proposed adaptive K-Fold-based SNN approach utilizes a binary seatbelt dataset, with positive and negative classes, to verify the status of the seatbelt. The network involves sharing a convolutional feature extractor, followed by a distinct-based similarity function. To enhance model reliability, 5-fold cross validation is applied (k = 5), splitting the dataset into 5 subsets, where the model is trained on four sets and validated on the fifth one. The model was trained using binary cross entropy loss, Adam optimization, and performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The seatbelt dataset is basically designed for object detection models. In this work, we used a dataset in the verification model and achieved high-performance metrics. The model is implemented using a Python-based Jupyter Notebook 7.5.1. It achieved a high performance in seatbelt verification with an average Accuracy = 0.9989, average Precision = 0.9988, average Recall = 0.9990, and average F1 Score = 0.9989. The proposed adaptive K-Fold SNN model can ensure reliability and reduce the risk of over fitting. Full article

Offshore wind farms (OWFs) represent an increasingly important renewable energy source, yet their environmental impacts, particularly underwater noise, require systematic study. Estimating the operational source level (SL) of a single turbine and predicting sound pressure levels (SPLs) at sensitive locations can be challenging. Here, we integrate a turbine SL prediction algorithm with open-source propagation models in a Jupyter Notebook (version 7.4.7) to streamline aggregated SPL estimation for OWFs. Species-specific audiograms and weighting functions are included to assess potential biological impacts. The tool is applied to four planned OWFs, two in the Canary region and two in the Belgian and German North Seas, under conservative assumptions. Results indicate that at 10 m/s wind speed, a single turbine’s SL reaches 143 dB re 1 µPa in the one-third octave band centered at 160 Hz. Sensitivity analyses indicate that variations in wind speed can cause the operational source level at 160 Hz to increase by up to approximately 2 dB re 1 µPa²/Hz from the nominal value used in this study, while differences in sediment type can lead to transmission loss variations ranging from 0 to on the order of 100 dB, depending on bathymetry and range. Maximum SPLs of 112 dB re 1 µPa are predicted within OWFs, decreasing to ~50 dB re 1 µPa at ~100 km. Within OWFs, Low-Frequency (LF) cetaceans and Phocid Carnivores in Water (PCW) would likely perceive the noise; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) marine mammals’ auditory-injury thresholds are not exceeded, but behavioral-harassment thresholds may be crossed. Outside the farms, only LF audiograms are crossed. In high-traffic North Sea regions, OWF noise is largely masked, whereas in lower-noise areas, such as the Canary Islands, it can exceed ambient levels, highlighting the importance of site-specific assessments, accurate ambient noise monitoring and propagation modeling for ecological impact evaluation. Full article

This article introduces the main characteristics of PyMossFit, a software for Mössbauer spectra fitting. It is explained how each aspect of the code works. Based on the Lmfit Python package, it is a robust data fitting tool. Designed to run through Jupyter Notebook in the Google Colab cloud, it also allows one to work via multiple devices and operating systems. In addition, it allows the fitting procedure to be performed collaboratively among researchers. The software performs the folding of raw data with a discrete Fourier transform. Data smoothing is available with the use of a Savitzky–Golay algorithm. Moreover, a K-nearest neighbor algorithm enables users to determine the present phases by matching the correlations of hyperfine parameters from a local database. Full article

Coastal vegetated ecosystems, including tidal marshes, vegetated dunes, and shrub- and forest-dominated wetlands, can mitigate hurricane impacts such as coastal flooding and erosion by increasing surface roughness and reducing wave energy. Land cover maps can be used as input to improve simulations of surface roughness in advanced hydro-morphological models. Consequently, there is a need for efficient tools to develop up-to-date land cover maps that include the accurate distribution of vegetation types prior to an extreme storm. In response, we developed the RUSH tool (Rapid remote sensing Updates of land cover for Storm and Hurricane forecast models). RUSH delivers high-resolution maps of coastal vegetation for near-real-time or historical conditions via a Jupyter Notebook application and a graphical user interface (GUI). The application generates 3 m spatial resolution land cover maps with classes relevant to coastal settings, especially along mainland beaches, headlands, and barrier islands, as follows: (1) open water; (2) emergent wetlands; (3) dune grass; (4) woody wetlands; and (5) bare ground. These maps are developed by applying one of two seasonal random-forest machine learning models to Planet Labs SuperDove multispectral imagery. Cool Season and Warm Season Models were trained on 665 and 594 reference points, respectively, located across study regions in the North Carolina Outer Banks, the Mississippi Delta in Louisiana, and a portion of the Florida Gulf Coast near Apalachicola. Cool Season and Warm Season Models were tested with 666 and 595 independent points, with an overall accuracy of 93% and 94%, respectively. The Jupyter Notebook application provides users with a flexible platform for customization for advanced users, whereas the GUI, designed with user-experience feedback, provides non-experts access to remote sensing capabilities. This application can also be used for long-term coastal geomorphic and ecosystem change assessments. Full article

In recent decades, technological developments in archaeological geophysics have led to growing data volumes, so that an important bottleneck is now at the stage of data interpretation. The manual delineation and classification of anomalies are time-consuming, and different methods for (semi-)automatic image segmentation have been proposed, based on explicitly formulated rulesets or deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs). So far, these have not been used widely in archaeological geophysics because of the complexity of the segmentation task (due to the low contrast between archaeological structures and background and the low predictability of the targets). Techniques based on shallow machine learning (e.g., random forests, RFs) have been explored very little in archaeological geophysics, although they are less case-specific than most rule-based methods, do not require large training sets as is the case for DCNNs, and can easily handle 3D data. In this paper, we show their potential for geophysical data analysis. For the classification on the pixel level, we use ilastik, an open-source segmentation tool developed in medical imaging. Algorithms for object classification, manual reclassification, post-processing, vectorisation, and georeferencing were brought together in a Jupyter Notebook, available on GitHub (version 7.3.2). To assess the accuracy of the RF classification applied to geophysical datasets, we compare it with manual interpretation. A quantitative evaluation using the mean intersection over union metric results in scores of ~60%, which only slightly increases after the manual correction of the RF classification results. Remarkably, a similar score results from the comparison between independent manual interpretations. This observation illustrates that quantitative metrics are not a panacea for evaluating machine-generated geophysical data interpretation in archaeology, which is characterised by a significant degree of uncertainty. It also raises the question of how the semantic segmentation of geophysical data (whether carried out manually or with the aid of machine learning) can best be evaluated. Full article

Urban centers shaped by industrial histories often exhibit complex patterns of land cover change that are not well-captured by standard classification techniques. This study investigates post-industrial urban change in Ponca City, Oklahoma, using remote sensing, unsupervised machine learning, and socioeconomic contextualization. Using a Jupyter Notebook version 7.0.8 environment for Python libraries, Landsat imagery from 1990 to 2020 was analyzed to detect shifts in land cover patterns across a relatively small, heterogeneous landscape. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce dimensionality and enhance pixel distinction across multiband reflectance data. Socioeconomic data and historical context were incorporated to interpret changes in land use alongside patterns of industrial reduction and urban redevelopment. Results revealed changes in five distinct land cover classes of urban, vegetative, and industrial land uses, with observable trends aligning with key periods of economic and infrastructural transition. The trends also aligned with socioeconomic changes of the city, with a larger reduction in industrial and commercial land cover than in residential and vegetation cover types. These findings demonstrate the utility of machine learning classification in small-scale, heterogeneous environments and provide a replicable methodological framework for smaller city municipalities to monitor urban change. Full article

Background/Objectives: Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency assessment has proven to be a valuable tool for prognostic evaluation and therapeutic management guidance in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Our study aimed to investigate the associations between MMR deficiency and a range of clinicopathological parameters. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study including 264 patients diagnosed with CRC, for whom immunohistochemical (IHC) data were available. Statistical analysis was performed using the Python 3.12.7 programming language within the Jupyter Notebook environment (Anaconda distribution). Results: MMR deficiency was identified in 18.18% of patients. It was significantly associated with younger age (<50 years), female sex, right-sided tumor location, poor tumor differentiation (G3), smoking, and loss of CDX2 expression (p < 0.001). MLH1 and PMS2 were the most frequently affected proteins, with concurrent loss in 77.08% of MMR-deficient cases. Loss of MLH1 expression correlated with female sex (p = 0.004), right-sided location (p < 0.001), poor differentiation (p < 0.001), and loss of CDX2 expression (p < 0.001). Additionally, the loss of PMS2 expression was associated with female sex (p = 0.015), right-sided tumor location (p = 0.003), and poor differentiation (p < 0.001). No significant associations were identified between MMR status and tumor stage, histological subtype, PLR, or NLR values. Conclusions: Gaining deeper insights into the clinical relevance of MMR status in CRC could contribute to improved testing rates and support the design of tailored management strategies that address the specific biological features of these tumors. Full article

Data from earth observation satellites provide unique and valuable information about water quality conditions in freshwater lakes but require significant processing before they can be used, even with the use of tools like Google Earth Engine. We use imagery from Sentinel 2 and MODIS and in situ data from the State of Utah Ambient Water Quality Management System (AQWMS) database to develop models and to generate a highly accessible, easy-to-use CSV file of chlorophyll-a (which is an indicator of algal biomass), turbidity, and water temperature measurements on Utah Lake. From a collection of 937 Sentinel 2 images spanning the period from January 2019 to May 2025, we generated 262,081 estimates each of chlorophyll-a and turbidity, with an additional 1,140,777 data points interpolated from those estimates to provide a dataset with a consistent time step. From a collection of 2333 MODIS images spanning the same time period, we extracted 1,390,800 measurements each of daytime water surface temperature and nighttime water surface temperature and interpolated or imputed an additional 12,058 data points from those estimates. We interpolated the data using piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation polynomials to preserve the original distribution of the data and provide the most accurate estimates of measurements between observations. We demonstrate the processing steps required to extract usable, accurate estimates of these three water quality parameters from satellite imagery and format them for analysis. We include summary statistics and charts for the resulting dataset, which show the usefulness of this data for informing Utah Lake management issues. We include the Jupyter Notebook with the implemented processing steps and the formatted CSV file of data as ^{supplemental materials}. The Jupyter Notebook can be used to update the Utah Lake data or can be easily modified to generate similar data for other waterbodies. We provide this method, tool set, and data to make remotely sensed water quality data more accessible to researchers, water managers, and others interested in Utah Lake and to facilitate the use of satellite data for those interested in applying remote sensing techniques to other waterbodies. Full article

In this article, we describe an approach to teaching introductory quantum mechanics and machine learning techniques. This approach combines several key concepts from both fields. Specifically, it demonstrates solving the Schrödinger equation using the discrete-variable representation (DVR) technique, as well as the architecture and training of neural network models. To illustrate this approach, a Python-based Jupyter notebook is developed. This notebook can be used for self-learning or for learning with an instructor. Furthermore, it can serve as a toolbox for demonstrating individual concepts in quantum mechanics and machine learning and for conducting small research projects in these areas. Full article

The work aims to apply cheap and widely accessible tools based on artificial intelligence to analyze, group, and categorize a large amount of available research literature (from a massive bibliographic search) on the use of Lemna minor for animal feed, not only comprehensively and objectively, but also in a more effective and less time-consuming way. In addition, a comprehensive and critical summary was conducted to highlight recent applications of L. minor in animal feed. The Scopus database was used for the original bibliographic search. Then, a newly developed online and freely available tool called “Jupyter Notebook on Google Colab” was applied to cluster the large volume of bibliographic data (1432 papers) obtained in the basic search, which allowed their reduction until only 148 papers. These papers were reviewed in a traditional way obtaining relevant information about L. minor production, nutritional value, composition, and its application as animal feed. In this sense, the most successful applications were for fish and poultry feeding, reaching levels of inclusion of 15–20% in fish and 5–15% in poultry. It is of great interest because of the expected increase in prices of conventional sources of protein for animal feed. Full article

With the rapid advancement of information technology and the increasing maturity of online shopping platforms, cross-border shopping has experienced rapid growth. Online consumer reviews, as an essential part of the online shopping process, have become a vital way for merchants to obtain user feedback and gain insights into market demands. The research employs Python tools (Jupyter Notebook 7.0.8) to analyze the 14,078 pieces of review text data from the top four best-selling products in a certain product category on a certain cross-border e-commerce platform. By applying social network analysis, constructing LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic models, and establishing LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) sentiment classification models, the topics and sentiment distribution of the review set are obtained, and the evolution trends of topics and sentiments are analyzed according to different periods. The research finds that in the overall review set, consumers’ focus is concentrated on five aspects: functional features, quality and cost-effectiveness, usage effectiveness, post-purchase support, and design and assembly. In terms of changes in review sentiments, the negative proportion of the topics of functional features and usage effects is still relatively high. Given the above, this study integrates the 4P and 4C theories to propose strategies for enhancing the marketing capabilities of cross-border e-commerce in the context of digital cross-border operations, providing theoretical and practical marketing insights for cross-border e-commerce enterprises. Full article

Background: Bioinformatics is increasingly used in various scientific works. Large amounts of heterogeneous data are being generated these days. It is difficult to interpret and analyze these data effectively. Several software tools have been developed to facilitate the handling and analysis of biological data, based on specific needs. Methods: The Galaxy web platform is one of these software tools, allowing free access to users and facilitating the use of thousands of tools. Other software tools, such as Bioconda or Jupyter Notebook, facilitate the installation of tools and their dependencies. In addition to these tools, RStudio can be mentioned as a powerful interface that facilitates the use of the R programming language for data analysis and statistics. Results: The aim of this study is to provide the scientific community with guides on how to perform bioinformatics/biostatistical analyses in a simpler manner. With this work, we also try to democratize well-documented software tools to make them suitable for both bioinformaticians and non-bioinformaticians. We believe that user-friendly guides and real-life/concrete examples will provide end-users with suitable and easy-to-use methods for their bioinformatics analysis needs. Furthermore, tutorials and usage examples are available on our dedicated GitHub repository. Conclusions: These tutorials/examples (In English and/or French) could be used as pedagogical tools to promote bioinformatics analysis and offer potential solutions to several bioinformatics needs. Special emphasis is placed on microbial omics data analysis. Full article