Search Results (177)

Continuous monitoring of environmental and physiological parameters is essential for early diagnostics, real-time decision making, and intelligent system adaptation. Recent advancements in bio-microelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS) sensors have significantly enhanced our ability to track key metrics in real time. However, continuous monitoring demands sustainable energy supply solutions, especially for on-site energy replenishment in areas with limited resources. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models, offers new avenues for interpreting the vast amounts of data generated by these sensors. Despite this potential, fully integrated systems that combine self-powered BioMEMS sensing with AI-based analytics remain in the early stages of development. This review first examines the evolution of BioMEMS sensors, focusing on advances in sensing materials, micro/nano-scale architectures, and fabrication techniques that enable high sensitivity, flexibility, and biocompatibility for continuous monitoring applications. We then examine recent advances in energy harvesting technologies, such as piezoelectric nanogenerators, triboelectric nanogenerators and moisture electricity generators, which enable self-powered BioMEMS sensors to operate continuously and reducereliance on traditional batteries. Finally, we discuss the role of AI in BioMEMS sensing, particularly in predictive analytics, to analyze continuous monitoring data, identify patterns, trends, and anomalies, and transform this data into actionable insights. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide a roadmap for future continuous BioMEMS sensing, revealing the potential unlocked by combining materials science, energy harvesting, and artificial intelligence. Full article

Neocosmospora (Nectriaceae) is a globally distributed fungal genus, traditionally recognized as a group of plant pathogens, with most members known to cause severe plant diseases. However, recent studies have demonstrated that many of these fungi can also colonize plants endophytically, with certain strains capable of promoting plant growth and stimulating the production of secondary metabolites. In this study, 13 strains of Neocosmospora were isolated from the stems and leaves of Dracaena cambodiana and D. lourei in Yunnan Province, China. To clarify the taxonomic placement of these strains, morphological examination and multi-gene (ITS, nrLSU, tef1, rpb1, and rpb2) phylogenetic analyses were performed. Based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence, four new species are introduced and described here: N. hypertrophia, N. kunmingense, N. rugosa, and N. simplicillium. This study expands our understanding of the fungal diversity associated with Dracaena, provides essential data for the taxonomy of Neocosmospora, and serves as a resource for the future development and utilization of Neocosmospora endophytes. Full article

Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) is a major tropical cash crop in southern China, with Hainan and Yunnan provinces being the main planting areas. In July 2023, bark cracking and gumming were observed on the trunks of mature rubber trees in Haikou City, Hainan Province, leading to xylem rot, which severely impacted the healthy growth of the rubber trees. The present study was conducted to confirm the pathogenicity of the patho-gen associated with stem gummosis disease, characterize it using morphological and mo-lecular tools, and devise field management strategies. Pathogenicity testing showed that this strain induced symptoms similar to those of natural outdoor infestation. Based on morphological study and molecular analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), transla-tion elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1-α), and β-tubulin 2 (TUB2) sequences, the causal agent was identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Field trials demonstrated that an inte-grated fungicide approach—combining trunk application of Bordeaux mixture with root irrigation using citric acid–copper 6.4% + chelated copper-ammonium 15% at both 0.1% and 0.2% concentration—effectively suppressed stem gummosis disease incidence in rub-ber trees. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. theobromae causing stem gummosis on rubber tree in China. The findings of this study can provide valuable infor-mation for the management strategies and understanding of this disease. Full article

Solanum aculeatissimum is a herbaceous to semi-woody perennial plant native to the Brazilian ecosystem. It has naturalized extensively in southwestern China, posing significant threats to local biodiversity. This study systematically screened and integrated 100 distribution records from authoritative databases, including the Chinese Virtual Plant Specimen Database, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and Chinese Natural Museums. Additionally, 23 environmental variables were incorporated, comprising 19 bioclimatic factors from the World Climate Dataset, 3 topographic indicators, and the Human Footprint Index. The objectives of this research are as follows: (1) to simulate the plant’s current and future distribution (2050s/2070s) under CMIP6 scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5); (2) to quantify changes in the distribution range; and (3) to determine the migration trajectory using MaxEnt 3.4.4 software. The findings reveal that human pressure (contributing 79.7%) and isothermality (bioclimatic factor 3: 10.1%) are the primary driving forces shaping its distribution. The core suitable habitats are predominantly concentrated in the provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan. By 2070, the distribution center shifts northeastward to Qujing City. Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, the invasion front extends into southern Tibet, while retreat occurs in the lowlands of Honghe Prefecture. This study underscores the synergistic effects of socioeconomic development pathways and bioclimatic thresholds on invasive species’ biogeographical patterns, providing a robust predictive framework for adaptive management strategies. Full article

Data-driven distributed hydrological models utilizing atmospheric assimilation are crucial for simulating hydrological processes, particularly in regions lacking historical observational data, and for managing and developing local water resources due to the impacts of climate change and human activities. The southern part of Yunnan is located at the southwestern border of China, and the small number of observation stations poses a major obstacle to local water-resource management and hydrological research. This paper carries out an evaluation of the accuracy of the China Atmospheric-Assimilation Dataset (CMADS) in southern Yunnan and uses CMADS data and measured data to drive the BTOPMC model to investigate hydrological processes in the Jinping River basin, a representative local sub-basin. The study shows that the probability density function statistic (SS) between CMADS data and the measured precipitation data is 0.941, and their probability density curves of precipitation are basically the same. The relative error of daily precipitation is −19%, with 90% of the daily precipitation error concentrated within ±10 mm/day, which increases as daily precipitation increases. This paper examines three precipitation scenarios to drive the hydrological model, resulting in Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficients of 66.8%, 81.0%, and 83.9% for calibration, and 54.5%, 70.2%, and 74.5% for validation. These results indicate that CMADS data possesses a certain degree of applicable accuracy in southern Yunnan. Furthermore, the CMADS-driven BTOPMC model is suitable for simulating hydrological processes and conducting water-resource research in the region. The integration of CMADS data with actual measurement data can enhance the accuracy of hydrological simulations. Overall, the CMADS data have good applicability in southern Yunnan, and the CMADS-driven BTOPMC model can be used for hydrological modeling studies and water-resource management applications in southern Yunnan. Full article

Pichia manshurica is the main spoilage fungus that causes the deterioration of paocai. Our previous study found that the compound essential oils (CEOs) of lemon, lemongrass, and nutmeg had a good inhibitory effect; however, the antimicrobial mechanism was unknown. In order to elucidate the mechanism of action of the CEO in inhibiting P. manshurica, transcriptomics and metabolomics were used for joint analysis. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of P. manshurica was 2 µL/mL, and the combined multi omics analyses indicated that the treatment of the CEO disrupted the ABC transporters, glycophospholipid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism of P. manshurica, leading to the disruption of the integrity of P. manshurica cell wall and cell membrane, resulting in energy and metabolic dysfunction, and ultimately achieving the effect of inhibiting P. manshurica. The results of this study provided new insights into the mechanism of P. manshurica inhibition by CEOs, and provide a reference basis for the development of food-related bacteriostatic agents by CEOs. Full article

Objective: The research on turbid current deposition in shallow Marine shelf environments is relatively weak. Method: Based on three-dimensional seismic, drilling and logging data, etc., the spatio-temporal characterization of the shallow sea turbidity current sedimentary system was carried out by using seismic geomorphology and sedimentary numerical simulation techniques. Results and Conclusions: (1) A set of standards for identifying sedimentary units in the X Gas Field was established, identifying four sedimentary units: channel, mound body, channel-side accumulation body, and shelf mud; (2) The vertical evolution and planar distribution of the sedimentary units in the painting were precisely engraved. Along with the weakly–strongly–weak succession of turbidity current energy, the lithological combination of argillaceous siltstone–siltstone–mudstone developed vertically. On the plane, the clusters showed an evolution of isolation–connection–superposition. The scale of the river channel continued to expand, and the phenomena of oscillation and lateral accumulation occurred. (3) Three factors were analyzed: sea level, material sources, and sedimentary substrates (paleo landforms), and a shallow Marine turbidity current sedimentary system was established in the Honghe area in the northwest direction under the background of Marine receding, which is controlled by sedimentary slope folds and blocked by the high part of the diapause during the downward accumulation process of material sources along the shelf. (4) The numerical simulation results reconstructed the process of lateral migration of waterways, evolution of branch waterways into clusters, expansion of the scale of isolated clusters, and connection and superposition to form cluster complexes on a three-dimensional scale. The simulation results are in high agreement with the actual geological data. Full article

The Honghe Hani Rice Terraces, a UNESCO World Heritage agroecosystem, embody a millennia-old synergy of cultural heritage and ecological resilience, yet face declining water yields amid land-use intensification and climate variability. This study employs the InVEST model and geographic detector analysis to quantify water-yield dynamics from 2010 to 2020 and identify their spatial and mechanistic drivers. Annual water yield averaged 558 mm, with cultivated lands contributing 33% of total volume, while built-up areas reached 980 mm per unit in 2018. A 31% decline by 2020, driven by cropland fragmentation and tourism growth, revealed persistent-yield hotspots in forested central-eastern terraces and cold spots in southwestern dryland margins. Land-use pattern accounted for 80–95% of yield variability, exacerbated by temperature interactions. Forests, delivering 68.7 million m³ over the decade, highlight the hydrological significance of traditional landscape mosaics. These findings advocate reforestation in critical recharge zones, terrace restoration to preserve agroecological integrity, and regulated tourism integrating rainwater harvesting to sustain water security and cultural heritage. By blending hydrological modeling with socio-cultural insights, this study provides a scalable framework for safeguarding terraced agroecosystems worldwide, aligning heritage conservation with sustainable development. Full article

Agricultural intensification has led to biodiversity loss and compromised ecosystem services, necessitating sustainable pest management strategies. This study evaluates the efficacy of wildflower strips (WFS) in enhancing natural enemy communities and suppressing pest activity in rice-wheat rotation landscapes of eastern China. An experiment compared WFS (10-species mixtures) with natural grass strips (CK) across biodiversity, functional traits, and pest dynamics. WFS significantly increased parasitic wasp α-diversity (species richness: +195.5%, activity density: +362.0%) and suppressed pest (Armadillidium vulgare) populations by 68%, primarily through female-biased sex ratios and functional trait shifts. Key species like Lindenius mesopleuralis and Ectemnius continuus emerged as indicators of WFS habitats. Spider communities showed no β-diversity differentiation but exhibited functional guild shifts (e.g., web-building specialists). Plant community composition, particularly floral resource availability and phenological continuity, drove natural enemy assembly and pest regulation, outperforming the CK group in rare species conservation. Our findings highlight WFS as a precision tool for enhancing pest control through targeted plant selection and trait-mediated interactions. This study advances the understanding of habitat-driven pest regulation, providing a framework for optimizing ecological intensification in agroecosystems. Full article

This study examines the climate adaptability of traditional Hani ‘Mushroom Houses’ located in the rice terrace region of Honghe Hani Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China. By analyzing 30 years of meteorological data, the study identifies the local climatic characteristics of high temperatures, high humidity, and significant diurnal temperature variations. The thermal comfort voting method was used to establish a quantitative relationship between the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) index and residents’ subjective thermal perceptions, thereby assessing seasonal variations in thermal comfort. Field measurements of indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, and wind speed were conducted in May and December 2023 to evaluate thermal interactions between rooms. This study demonstrated: (1) the critical roles of building orientation (e.g., northwest-facing design), functional layout (e.g., multi-story zoning), and structural forms (e.g., thick walls, thatched roofs) in regulating temperature and humidity. (2) Confirmed that Hani ‘Mushroom Houses’ stabilize indoor environments through passive strategies, including material selection (wood, rammed earth), natural ventilation (cross-draft design), and spatial organization (climate-buffering storage layers). (3) Provided empirical evidence for optimizing traditional dwellings (e.g., enhanced insulation, ventilation improvements) and advancing sustainable practices in similar climatic regions. Full article

Background: Sugarcane is an important sugar crop. Sugarcane stems are mainly used for sugar extraction, while leaves can only be burned as waste. However, sugarcane leaves can also produce a large number of secondary metabolites, and these metabolites have significant nutritional and pharmacological value. At present, there are few studies on sugarcane compounds. Methods: Therefore, the stems and leaves of three sugarcane varieties (Yacheng 89-159, Dianzhe 01-58, ROC22) were selected as experimental materials, and the compounds of stems and leaves of different sugarcane were studied using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Metabolomics analysis detected 1197 metabolites that could be broadly divided into 11 categories. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis identified metabolites that were differentially abundant across groups (stems and leaves within and across the three varieties). Flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lipids were the main differential metabolites. Notably, tricin-4′-O-(guaiacylglycerol)ether-7-O-glucoside, quercetin-3,4-O-di-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-(6′′-O-malony)glucoside were significantly higher in the stems than in the leaves across all three varieties. The content of methylenesuccinic acid was higher in the leaves of Dianzhe 01-58 and ROC22. In the comparative analysis of the top 20 differential metabolites among different varieties, it was found that the metabolite content of stems and leaves of Yacheng 89-9 and ROC22 was significantly higher than that of Dianzhe 01-58. Next, KEGG analysis showed that these differential metabolites were mainly enriched in pathways related to flavonoid, phenylpropanoid, and isoflavonoid biosynthesis, as well as starch and sucrose metabolism. Leaves also had significantly fewer metabolites involved in starch and sucrose metabolism than stems did. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides a scientific basis for utilization of sugarcane compounds, laying a theoretical foundation for further processing of sugarcane by-products into higher-value materials. Full article

With the increasing impacts of global climate change and the continuous expansion of the population, the scarcity of food and water resources, along with the protection of agricultural land, have become significant constraints to sustainable agricultural development. Terraces plays a vital role in controlling water loss and promoting sustainable agriculture, and they have been widely adopted across the globe. Using CiteSpace, this study conducted a bibliometric review of the literature on the application of remote sensing and GISs in terrace studies under global climate change. The dataset included publications from the Web of Science spanning the years 1992 to 2024. Based on a systematical analysis of 508 publications, we investigated major institutions, cross-author collaborations, keyword co-occurrences, and the evolution of the research focus areas regarding the applications of remote sensing and GISs in terrace studies. The results show that the prominent research themes in this domain include remote sensing, erosion, and climate change. China (132, 26%) and the United States (108, 21%) are the top contributors in terms of publication numbers, while European countries and institutions are more active in collaborative efforts. The research emphasis has transitioned from analyzing the environmental characteristics of terraces to a broader consideration of ecological factors and multi-scenario applications. Moreover, analyses of the keyword co-occurrence and temporal trends indicate a rising interest in the application of machine learning, deep learning, and luminescence dating in terrace studies. Moving forward, it is essential to advance the deployment of automated monitoring systems, obtain long-term continuous monitoring data, encourage the adoption of conservation agriculture technology, and strengthen early warning networks for extreme climate events in terrace research. Overall, this study underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and collaborative efforts to address the myriad challenges faced by terraced agriculture in an era of rapid environmental change. Full article

In order to investigate the causes of swine diarrhea in Yunnan Province, this study was conducted to detect and monitor diarrhea viruses through regular sampling and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In October 2023, porcine sapelovirus (PSV) was detected in fecal specimens collected from diarrheal pigs in Honghe City, and three strains of PSV were successfully isolated by inoculating them into PK-15 cells; electron microscopy revealed virus particles with diameters of ~32 nm. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed that the PSV isolate genomes ranged from 7480 to 7515 nucleotides in length. Homology analyses indicated that ML-15 and ML-16 showed the highest nucleotide and amino acid identities with the Asian PSV strains, ML-19 showed the highest sequence identities with the Zambia PSV strains, and the VP1 to VP4 genes of the three PSV isolates were in the hypervariable region. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the three PSVs isolated in this study all clustered together with Chinese PSV strains; furthermore, recombination analyses indicated that PSV-ML-19 might be a recombined strain and may have emerged through genetic recombination between the major putative parent strain PSV-21-V and the minor putative parent GER L00798-K11 14-02. This was the first reported instance of the isolation and phylogenetic analyses of the PSV strains in Yunnan Province, which enriched the understanding of Chinese PSV strains and indicated the need to prevent and control PSV; the mutation of the VP1 and 3D genes may also provide an important reference for the development of PSV vaccines. Full article

This study sought to investigate the impact of different levels of dietary maintenance energy metabolism on nutrient digestibility, rumen microbiota composition, and serum biochemical parameters in Lanzhou fat-tailed sheep rams. A total of twenty rams, each aged eight months and with an initial mean body weight of 27.81 ± 3.38 kg, were selected and randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups. These groups were administered with different levels of metabolizable energy (MEM): low energy (LE), intermediate energy (IE), high energy (HE), and extra high energy (EHE), corresponding to 6.77, 7.22, 7.72, and 8.20 MJ/d, respectively. The results showed a linear increase (p < 0.001) in average daily gain (ADG), dry matter (DM) intake, apparent DM digestibility, and crude protein (CP) digestibility. Conversely, the intake of nitrogen (NI), fecal nitrogen (FN), and manure nitrogen (MN) exhibited a significant linear decrease (p < 0.001). The N utilization efficiency rations of FN/NI and MN/NI linearly decreased (p < 0.001), while RN/NI linearly increased (p < 0.001). Additionally, the intake of gross energy (GE), methane energy (CH4-E), digestible energy (DE), and metabolizable energy (ME) exhibited a linear increase, whereas the ration of FE/GE intake linearly decreased (p < 0.001). The efficiency of energy utilization expressed as a proportion of GE intake (DE/GE intake, ME/GE intake, ME/DE intake, and CH4-E/GE intake) showed linear alterations (p < 0.05) with the increase in the dietary energy supplementation level. The dietary energy level did not exert a significant impact on serum biochemical indices (p > 0.05). At the phylum level, the average abundances of Verrucomicrobiota were significantly reduced in the EHE group compared to the IE group, while the average abundances of Desulfobacterota were significantly lower in the EHE group relative to the LE group. At the genus level, the average abundances of Succiniclasticum were significantly higher in the HE and EHE groups compared to the LE group. In conclusion, the energy level (8.20 MJ/d) significantly enhanced nutrient digestibility, energy, and nitrogen metabolism, and it significantly increased the relative abundances of Succiniclasticum. Full article

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in defense applications. Multiple UAVs equipped with jamming sources can form a sparse array. The sparse array can be quickly deployed and achieve an extensive range of effective jamming. At present, the jamming power in the target area is mainly calculated through the superposition of node waveforms. The algorithm needs to sequentially calculate the angle of the target position relative to each node to obtain the corresponding gain and then calculate the path loss by the transmission model to obtain the total jamming power, which has high algorithmic complexity and needs to recount the power every time after adjusting the position of the node. An equivalent transmitted power estimation algorithm based on the pattern multiplication theorem is proposed in this paper, which regards the sparse array as a whole directional jammer. The power in the target area can be estimated according to the jammer gain, the equivalent transmitted power, and the jamming distance. In the calculation of jamming power, the proposed array-based algorithm reduces the complexity by 50% compared with the waveform superposition algorithm, and the estimation variance of the jamming power is less than 1.4%. Full article