Skip to Content
You are currently on the new version of our website. Access the old version .

86 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,257 Views
27 Pages

A Fuzzy Granular K-Means Clustering Method Driven by Gaussian Membership Functions

  • Junjie Huang,
  • Biyun Lan,
  • Haibo Huang,
  • Tiancai Huang and
  • Yumin Chen

28 January 2026

The K-means clustering algorithm is widely applied in various clustering tasks due to its high computational efficiency and simple implementation. However, its performance significantly deteriorates when dealing with non-convex structures, fuzzy boun...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,671 Views
19 Pages

Refining Environmental Sustainability Governance Reports through Fuzzy Systems Evaluation and Scoring

  • Yung-Fa Yang,
  • Haon-Yao Chen,
  • Yun-Hsiang Chen,
  • Shih-Ping Ho and ,
  • Chuan-San Wang and
  • Cheng-Fang Lin
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

22 August 2024

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) reports have become essential tools for enterprises to showcase their commitment to sustainable development and social responsibility. However, discrepancies persist regarding the criteria, assessments, and...

(This article belongs to the Topic Improving Nature-Smart Policies through Innovative Resilient Evaluations)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,812 Views
20 Pages

15 December 2022

Fuzzy control theory has been extensively used in the construction of complex fuzzy inference systems. However, we argue that existing fuzzy control technologies focus mainly on the single-source fuzzy information system, disregarding the complementa...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data Driven Decision-Making for Complex Production Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,036 Views
17 Pages

7 August 2024

With the rapid development of sensors and other devices, precise control for the generation of new energy, especially in the context of highly stochastic wind power generation, has been strongly supported. However, large-scale wind farm grid connecti...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
196 Views
34 Pages

A Differentiable Keras-Based Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System for Diabetes Prediction Using NHANES 1999–2018 Data

  • Sravanthi Narne,
  • Srikanth Vemuri,
  • Sastry Kodanda Rama Jammalamadaka,
  • Sasi Bhanu Jammalamadaka and ,
  • Pardhu Thottempudi and
  • Fernando Moreira
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

21 October 2026

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern, creating a need for reliable computational approaches for diabetes status classification and risk-oriented clinical assessment. Conventional machine learning models can capture predictive relationsh...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,749 Views
16 Pages

Appraising Early Reliability of a Software Component Using Fuzzy Inference

  • Puneet Goswami,
  • Abdulfattah Noorwali,
  • Arvind Kumar,
  • Mohammad Zubair Khan and ,
  • Prakash Srivastava and
  • Shivani Batra
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

26 February 2023

(1) Objectives: Reliability is one of the major aspects for enhancing the operability, reusability, maintainability, and quality of a system. A software component is an independent entity that deploys to form a functional system (CBSS). The component...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,579 Views
14 Pages

A Novel Neuro-Fuzzy Model for Multivariate Time-Series Prediction

  • Alexander Vlasenko,
  • Nataliia Vlasenko,
  • Olena Vynokurova and
  • Dmytro Peleshko

8 December 2018

Time series forecasting can be a complicated problem when the underlying process shows high degree of complex nonlinear behavior. In some domains, such as financial data, processing related time-series jointly can have significant benefits. This pape...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data Stream Mining and Processing)
  • Review
  • Open Access
72 Citations
10,047 Views
25 Pages

Generating Clustering-Based Interval Fuzzy Type-2 Triangular and Trapezoidal Membership Functions: A Structured Literature Review

  • Siti Hajar Khairuddin,
  • Mohd Hilmi Hasan,
  • Manzoor Ahmed Hashmani and
  • Muhammad Hamza Azam

31 January 2021

Clustering is more popular than the expert knowledge approach in Interval Fuzzy Type-2 membership function construction because it can construct membership function automatically with less time consumption. Most research proposed a two-fuzzifier fuzz...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Criteria Decision Aid methods in fuzzy decision problems – part II)
  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
5,875 Views
35 Pages

Optimal Design of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Heart Rate Level Classification Systems Using the Bird Swarm Algorithm

  • Ivette Miramontes,
  • Juan Carlos Guzman,
  • Patricia Melin and
  • German Prado-Arechiga

14 December 2018

In this paper, the optimal designs of type-1 and interval type-2 fuzzy systems for the classification of the heart rate level are presented. The contribution of this work is a proposed approach for achieving the optimal design of interval type-2 fuzz...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolutionary Algorithms in Health Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,280 Views
23 Pages

Research on Precise Feeding Strategies for Large-Scale Marine Aquafarms

  • Yizhi Wang,
  • Yusen Zhang,
  • Fengyuan Ma,
  • Xiaomin Tian and ,
  • Shanshan Ge,
  • Chaoyuan Man and
  • Maohua Xiao
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

18 September 2024

Breeding in large-scale marine aquafarms faces many challenges in terms of precise feeding, including real-time decisions as to the precise feeding amount, along with disturbances caused by the feeding speed and the moving speed of feeding equipment....

(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,091 Views
24 Pages

Modeling of Fuzzy Systems Based on the Competitive Neural Network

  • Juan Barraza,
  • Patricia Melin,
  • Fevrier Valdez and
  • Claudia I. Gonzalez

8 December 2023

This paper presents a method to dynamically model Type-1 fuzzy inference systems using a Competitive Neural Network. The aim is to exploit the potential of Competitive Neural Networks and fuzzy logic systems to generate an intelligent hybrid model wi...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
29 Citations
5,115 Views
13 Pages

14 October 2021

Fuzzy logic is an approach that reflects human thinking and decision making by handling uncertainty and vagueness using fuzzy membership functions. When a human is engaged in the design of a fuzzy system, symmetric properties are naturally preferred....

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
738 Views
20 Pages

Application of Fuzzy Logic to Predict Instantaneous Water Use Efficiency in a Forage Grass Under Organic and Mineral Fertilization and Water Deficit Conditions

  • Maria Pereira de Araújo,
  • Alessandro Torres Campos,
  • Milson Evaldo Serafim,
  • Bruna Campos Amaral and ,
  • Luzia Batista Moura,
  • Romário de Sousa Almeida,
  • Bruno Montoani Silva,
  • Leônidas Canuto dos Santos,
  • Tadayuki Yanagi Junior and
  • Felipe Schwerz
  • + 8 authors+ 3 authors

Pastures are the primary food source for cattle, yet their productivity is often limited by management practices and water scarcity. In this context, approaches capable of representing nonlinear relationships and handling uncertainties can support su...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agrometeorology and Agricultural Water Management: Technology Advances and Applications in Cropping Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,100 Views
25 Pages

2 August 2022

This paper proposes a land cover classification method that combines a Gaussian regression model (GRM) with an interval type-2 fuzzy neural network (IT2FNN) model as a classification decision model. Problems such as the increase in the complexity of...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing Image Processing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,376 Views
16 Pages

13 April 2020

The theory of belief functions has been extensively utilized in many practical applications involving decision making. One such application is the classification of target based on the pieces of information extracted from the individual attributes de...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
173 Views
30 Pages

13 October 2026

Latent class choice models (LCCMs) become increasingly complex when class membership depends on covariates of mixed measurement type, since the standard practice of fitting each covariate block with a maximally flexible density (e.g., a negative bino...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Probability and Statistics: Theory, Methods, and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,193 Views
25 Pages

22 April 2020

Since the fuzzy local information C-means (FLICM) segmentation algorithm cannot take into account the impact of different features on clustering segmentation results, a local fuzzy clustering segmentation algorithm based on a feature selection Gaussi...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
6,708 Views
35 Pages

Optimal Genetic Design of Type-1 and Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Systems for Blood Pressure Level Classification

  • Juan Carlos Guzmán,
  • Ivette Miramontes,
  • Patricia Melin and
  • German Prado-Arechiga

15 January 2019

The use of artificial intelligence techniques such as fuzzy logic, neural networks and evolutionary computation is currently very important in medicine to be able to provide an effective and timely diagnosis. The use of fuzzy logic allows to design f...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Type-2 Fuzzy Logic: Theory, Algorithms and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,788 Views
25 Pages

Application of Adaptive Neuro–Fuzzy Inference System for Forecasting Pavement Roughness in Laos

  • Mohamed Gharieb,
  • Takafumi Nishikawa,
  • Shozo Nakamura and
  • Khampaseuth Thepvongsa

14 March 2022

Laos Pavement Management System (PMS) manages 7700 km of National Roads (NRs) and estimates their Maintenance and Rehabilitation (MR) needs based on assessing pavement roughness conditions. This research aims to develop two International Roughness In...

  • Article
  • Open Access
967 Views
17 Pages

31 July 2025

Accurate dynamic flow statistics for trackless vehicles are critical for efficiently scheduling trackless transportation systems in underground mining. However, traditional discrete time-point methods suffer from “time membership discontinuity&...

(This article belongs to the Section Process Control, Modeling and Optimization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
8,558 Views
33 Pages

16 August 2019

An important problem in machine learning is that, when using more than two labels, it is very difficult to construct and optimize a group of learning functions that are still useful when the prior distribution of instances is changed. To resolve this...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning on Scientific Data and Information)
  • Article
  • Open Access
579 Views
29 Pages

24 September 2026

Passive electronic intelligence (ELINT) and electronic warfare receivers must deinterleave pulse descriptor word (PDW) streams in real time: each pulse is labelled on arrival, unsupervised and irrevocably, at bounded cost. Frequency- and PRI-agile em...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,897 Views
20 Pages

Sensing Attribute Weights: A Novel Basic Belief Assignment Method

  • Wen Jiang,
  • Miaoyan Zhuang,
  • Chunhe Xie and
  • Jun Wu

30 March 2017

Dempster–Shafer evidence theory is widely used in many soft sensors data fusion systems on account of its good performance for handling the uncertainty information of soft sensors. However, how to determine basic belief assignment (BBA) is still an o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soft Sensors and Intelligent Algorithms for Data Fusion)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,902 Views
23 Pages

An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) framework for paediatric wrist injury classification (fracture versus sprain) was developed utilising infrared thermography (IRT). ANFIS combines artificial neural network (ANN) learning with interpret...

  • Article
  • Open Access
242 Views
52 Pages

20 September 2026

Modeling under uncertainty remains a fundamental challenge in engineering and nonlinear system identification, particularly when both interpretability and computational efficiency are required. Interval type-2 adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,938 Views
31 Pages

An Enhanced Fuzzy Hybrid of Fireworks and Grey Wolf Metaheuristic Algorithms

  • Juan Barraza,
  • Luis Rodríguez,
  • Oscar Castillo,
  • Patricia Melin and
  • Fevrier Valdez

24 June 2024

This research work envisages addressing fuzzy adjustment of parameters into a hybrid optimization algorithm for solving mathematical benchmark function problems. The problem of benchmark mathematical functions consists of finding the minimal values....

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mathematical Optimization Algorithms and Its Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,912 Views
17 Pages

1 August 2018

A distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is proposed in this study to improve the power quality, which includes the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid current and power factor (PF), of a mini grid with nonlinear and linear inductive load...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Power Systems Research 2018)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,500 Views
17 Pages

Predicting Winter Ammonia and Methane Emissions from a Naturally Ventilated Dairy Barn in a Cold Region Using an Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System

  • Hualong Liu,
  • Xin Wang,
  • Tana,
  • Tiezhu Xie and ,
  • Hurichabilige,
  • Qi Zhen and
  • Wensheng Li
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

This study aims to characterize the emissions of ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4) from naturally ventilated dairy barns located in cold regions during the winter season, thereby providing a scientific basis for optimizing dairy barn environmental mana...

(This article belongs to the Topic Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions and Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,642 Views
14 Pages

Hysteresis Modeling of Piezoelectric Actuators Based on a T-S Fuzzy Model

  • Liu Yang,
  • Qingtao Wang,
  • Yongqiang Xiao and
  • Zhan Li

4 September 2022

Piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) have been widely used in aerospace, electronic communication and other high-accuracy manufacturing fields because of their high precision, low power consumption, fast response, and high resolution. However, piezoelectri...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Performance Control and Industrial Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
6,462 Views
13 Pages

18 August 2015

This paper presents the design and simulation of improved circuits of Fuzzifier and capacitance to voltage (C2V) converter. The Fuzzifier circuit is designed based on analog advantages such as low die area, high accuracy, and simplicity which are add...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,058 Views
14 Pages

A Prognostic Based Fuzzy Logic Method to Speculate Yarn Quality Ratio in Jute Spinning Industry

  • Tamal Krishna Paul,
  • Tazin Ibna Jalil,
  • Md. Shohan Parvez,
  • Md. Reazuddin Repon and ,
  • Ismail Hossain,
  • Md. Abdul Alim,
  • Tarikul Islam and
  • Mohammad Abdul Jalil
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

29 July 2022

Jute is a bio-degradable, agro-renewable, and widely available lingo cellulosic fiber having high tensile strength and initial modulus, moisture regain, good sound, and heat insulation properties. For these unique properties and eco-friendly nature o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Technical Textiles)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
1 Citations
862 Views
7 Pages

14 November 2023

This paper describes a comparable study on the influence of frequency-sweep on the discrete and continuous phase distributions associated with pulse excitations for a double-lambda atomic system in alkali-metal vapours with a hyperfine structure. The...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 4th International Electronic Conference on Applied Sciences)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,171 Views
14 Pages

Forecasting of Rainfall across River Basins Using Soft Computing Techniques: The Case Study of the Upper Brahmani Basin (India)

  • M. Uma Maheswar Rao,
  • Kanhu Charan Patra,
  • Suvendu Kumar Sasmal,
  • Anurag Sharma and
  • Giuseppe Oliveto

27 January 2023

Floods are potential natural disasters that might disrupt human activities, resulting in severe losses of life and property in a region. Excessive rainfall is one of the reasons for flooding, especially in the downstream areas of a catchment. Because...

(This article belongs to the Section Hydrology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,830 Views
17 Pages

26 March 2021

The article portrays an adaptive control paradigm for the swift response of a solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in a grid-connected microgrid. The control scheme is based on an adaptive feedback-linearization-embedded fully recurrent NeuroFuzzy Laguerre w...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Implementation of New Control Schemes for Renewable Energy Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
6,457 Views
23 Pages

Artificial Intelligence Integrated GIS for Land Suitability Assessment of Wheat Crop Growth in Arid Zones to Sustain Food Security

  • Radwa A. El Behairy,
  • Hasnaa M. El Arwash,
  • Ahmed A. El Baroudy,
  • Mahmoud M. Ibrahim and ,
  • Elsayed Said Mohamed,
  • Nazih Y. Rebouh and
  • Mohamed S. Shokr
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

29 April 2023

Developing countries all over the world face numerous difficulties with regard to food security. The purpose of this research is to develop a new approach for evaluating wheat’s suitability for cultivation. To this end, geographical information...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Appropriate Agriculture Management on Soil and Sustainable Crop Productivity)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,796 Views
16 Pages

Fuzzy-Based Investigation of Challenges for the Deployment of Renewable Energy Power Generation

  • Shabbiruddin,
  • Neeraj Kanwar,
  • Vinay Kumar Jadoun,
  • Majed A. Alotaibi and ,
  • Hasmat Malik and
  • Mohammed E. Nassar
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

22 December 2021

Studying and analyzing the challenges that the renewable energy sector faces can help evaluate the risks and improve the planning. This research is done by considering the challenges in the implementation of sustainable generation of electricity thro...

(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers on Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
2,228 Views
20 Pages

10 March 2025

This study investigates the effect of active control on a quarter-vehicle suspension system. The car suspension system was modeled using the Lagrange–Euler method. The linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) and fuzzy linear quadratic Gaussian (FLQG) c...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Actuation and Control Technologies for Vehicle Driving Systems—2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
437 Views
33 Pages

20 August 2026

Remote sensing change detection technology is widely used in land-use monitoring, urban planning, and disaster assessment. However, during imaging and transmission, bi-temporal remote sensing images are vulnerable to Gaussian noise, which makes it di...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,020 Views
22 Pages

G-TS-HRNN: Gaussian Takagi–Sugeno Hopfield Recurrent Neural Network

  • Omar Bahou,
  • Mohammed Roudani and
  • Karim El Moutaouakil

14 February 2025

The Hopfield Recurrent Neural Network (HRNN) is a single-point descent metaheuristic that uses a single potential solution to explore the search space of optimization problems, whose constraints and objective function are aggregated into a typical en...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,618 Views
18 Pages

14 September 2023

Image de-noising is an important scheme that makes an image visually prominent and obtains enough useful information to produce a clear image. Many applications have been developed for effective noise suppression that produce good image quality. This...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,389 Views
28 Pages

Deep Fuzzy Fusion Network for Joint Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data Classification

  • Guangen Liu,
  • Jiale Song,
  • Yonghe Chu,
  • Lianchong Zhang and ,
  • Peng Li and
  • Junshi Xia
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

22 August 2025

Recently, Transformers have made significant progress in the joint classification task of HSI and LiDAR due to their efficient modeling of long-range dependencies and adaptive feature learning mechanisms. However, existing methods face two key challe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
202 Views
24 Pages

Fuzzy Adaptive Coordination of Virtual Inertia and Damping in a Wind–PV Sending-End MMC-HVDC System

  • Lei Wang,
  • Rui Lyu,
  • Youhan Deng,
  • Weiwei Yao and ,
  • Ruyin Sun and
  • Liang Qin
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

20 October 2026

Wind–photovoltaic (PV) modular-multilevel-converter-based high-voltage direct-current (MMC-HVDC) collection systems have limited inherent inertia and are vulnerable to frequency disturbances caused by renewable power fluctuations. Moreover, fre...

(This article belongs to the Section F1: Electrical Power System)
  • Article
  • Open Access
299 Views
27 Pages

24 August 2026

Fast charging of lithium-ion battery packs involves a compromise between charging speed, temperature rise, and aggressive current profiles that may accelerate battery degradation. This paper presents a current-stress-aware fuzzy logic control framewo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Battery Management Strategies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,668 Views
24 Pages

Development of Neurofuzzy Architectures for Electricity Price Forecasting

  • Abeer Alshejari,
  • Vassilis S. Kodogiannis and
  • Stavros Leonidis

5 March 2020

In 20th century, many countries have liberalized their electricity market. This power markets liberalization has directed generation companies as well as wholesale buyers to undertake a greater intense risk exposure compared to the old centralized fr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,674 Views
18 Pages

Modelling a Fuzzy Logic-Based Multiple-Actuator Hydraulic Lifting and Positioning System

  • Grzegorz Filo,
  • Edward Lisowski,
  • Paweł Lempa and
  • Konrad Wisowski

6 October 2025

This paper presents a fuzzy logic control strategy for synchronising the vertical lifting and positioning of a multi-actuator hydraulic system designed for a 360-ton movable platform. The primary focus is on achieving precise actuator movement coordi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Fuzzy Systems and Fuzzy Decision Making)
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
3,871 Views
18 Pages

16 May 2020

In this work, the possibilistic fuzzy C-means clustering artificial bee colony support vector machine (PFCM-ABC-SVM) method is proposed and applied for the fault diagnosis of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system. The innovation of th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Systems for Transportation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,206 Views
16 Pages

20 November 2020

Optimization by refinement of linguistic contexts produced from an output variable in the construction of an incremental granular model (IGM) is presented herein. In contrast to the conventional learning method using the backpropagation algorithm, we...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
2,468 Views
14 Pages

28 November 2022

Blood vessels are harmed in diabetic retinopathy (DR), a condition that impairs vision. Using modern healthcare research and technology, artificial intelligence and processing units are used to aid in the diagnosis of this syndrome and the study of d...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,703 Views
20 Pages

Fuzzy Logic Systems for Diagnosis of Renal Cancer

  • Nikita Jindal,
  • Jimmy Singla,
  • Balwinder Kaur,
  • Harsh Sadawarti and ,
  • Deepak Prashar,
  • Sudan Jha,
  • Gyanendra Prasad Joshi and
  • Changho Seo
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

17 May 2020

Renal cancer is a serious and common type of cancer affecting old ages. The growth of such type of cancer can be stopped by detecting it before it reaches advanced or end-stage. Hence, renal cancer must be identified and diagnosed in the initial stag...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence and Beyond in Medical and Healthcare Engineering)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,108 Views
15 Pages

PFW: Polygonal Fuzzy Weighted—An SVM Kernel for the Classification of Overlapping Data Groups

  • Saman Shojae Chaeikar,
  • Azizah Abdul Manaf,
  • Ala Abdulsalam Alarood and
  • Mazdak Zamani

Support vector machines are supervised learning models which are capable of classifying data and measuring regression by means of a learning algorithm. If data are linearly separable, a conventional linear kernel is used to classify them. Otherwise,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Enabled Security and Privacy Mechanisms for IoT)

of 2