Search Results (365)

With the accelerating globalization and rapid development of science and technology, scientific collaboration has become a key driver of knowledge production, yet its patterns vary significantly across disciplines. This study aims to explore the disciplinary differences in scholars’ scientific collaboration patterns and their underlying mechanisms. Data were collected from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, covering papers from four disciplines: mathematics, mechanical engineering, philosophy, and sociology. Using social network analysis, we examined core network metrics (degree centrality, neighbor connectivity, clustering coefficient) in collaboration networks, analyzed collaboration patterns across scholars of different academic ages, and compared the academic age distribution of collaborators and network characteristics across career stages. Key findings include the following. (1) Mechanical engineering exhibits the highest and most stable clustering coefficient (mean 0.62) across all academic ages, reflecting tight team collaboration, with degree centrality increasing fastest with academic age (3.2 times higher for senior vs. beginner scholars), driven by its reliance on experimental resources and skill division. (2) Philosophy shows high degree centrality in early career stages (mean 0.38 for beginners) but a sharp decline in clustering coefficient in senior stages (from 0.42 to 0.17), indicating broad early collaboration but loose later ties due to individualized knowledge production. (3) Mathematics scholars prefer collaborating with high-centrality peers (higher neighbor connectivity, mean 0.51), while sociology shows more inclusive collaboration with dispersed partner centrality. Full article

Traditional Chinese villages, which have long supported villagers’ comfort level of daily activities, are increasingly affected by global climate change and rural reconstruction, prompting growing research interest in their outdoor microclimate design. This systematic review aims to synthesize and evaluate the outdoor microclimate spatial design mechanism studies in traditional Chinese villages noted for their uniqueness and complexity. Following the PRISMA method, this study was carried out on November 27, 2024, by retrieving studies from the Scopus and CNKI databases and applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria; 42 empirical studies were systematically reviewed. It identifies current research trends, summarizes concepts, frameworks, indicators, and methodologies with a focus on the design mechanisms considering scales, contexts, and user groups, and outlines directions for future research. The findings reveal a growing number of publications, with case studies predominantly concentrated on three concepts: physical microclimates, human comfort, and behavioral responses, characterized as distributed in south-east areas. Based on these concepts and their correlations, this study proposes a classification framework based on multiple scales, contexts, and user groups. Within this framework, the study found that relative humidity and PET (physiological equivalent temperature) emerge as the most commonly used indicators, while field measurements, simulations, surveys, and observations are identified as the primary methods. The review further reveals that unique outdoor spatial design characteristics shape physical microclimates, human comfort, and behavior indicators influenced by contexts and users from the macro to the micro scale. Future research should advance existing studies by enriching the current contextual framework and explore more microclimatic factors. This review offers a comprehensive overview and actionable insights for outdoor microclimate design, policymaking, and the promotion of climate adaptation and villagers’ public health in different traditional rural settings. Full article

In the context of the growing emphasis on sustainable development and building safety performance, wooden architecture will attract increasing attention due to its low-carbon characteristics and excellent seismic resistance. In this study, the bibliometric software Citespace is used for data visualization analysis based on the literature related to Chinese wooden architecture in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Web of Science (WOS) databases, aiming to construct an analytical framework that integrates quantitative visualization and qualitative thematic interpretation which could reveal the current status, hotspots, and frontier trends of research in this field. The results show the following: Research on Chinese wooden architecture has shown a steady growth trend, indicating that it has received attention from an increasing number of scholars. Researchers and institutions are mainly concentrated in higher learning and research institutions in economically developed regions. Research hotspots cover subjects such as seismic performance, mortise–tenon structures, imitation wood structures, Dong architecture, Liang Sicheng, and the Society for the Study of Chinese Architecture. The research process of Chinese wooden architecture can be divided into three stages: the macro stage, the specific deepening stage, and the inheritance application and interdisciplinary integration stage. In the future, the focus will be on interdisciplinary research on wooden architecture from ethnic minority cultures and traditional dwellings. Full article

Pharmaceutical packaging materials play a crucial role in ensuring the safety and efficacy of medications. This mini-review examines the properties of common packaging materials (glass, plastics, metals, and rubber) and their implications for drug safety. By analyzing 127 research articles from PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases (2000–2025), we also discuss recent regulatory updates in China and highlight emerging technologies, including nanomaterials, sustainable packaging solutions, and intelligent packaging systems that present new opportunities for the pharmaceutical industry. Key findings include the following: (1) The physicochemical properties of packaging materials and potential microbial contamination risks during production significantly impact drug quality and safety, underscoring the need for enhanced research and regulatory oversight. (2) Each material exhibits distinct advantages and limitations: glass demonstrates superior chemical stability but may leach ions; plastics offer versatility but risk plasticizer migration; metals provide exceptional strength yet have limited applications; rubber ensures effective sealing but may release additives compromising drug quality. (3) The pharmaceutical packaging sector is evolving toward intelligent systems and sustainable solutions to address contemporary healthcare challenges. This review can aid pharmaceutical companies in selecting drug packaging and guide manufacturers in developing innovative packaging solutions. Full article

Research on watershed ecological protection and restoration within the framework of territorial spatial planning serves as a critical approach to ensuring national ecological security and plays a vital role in enhancing ecosystem stability. In recent years, scholarly interest in this topic has grown significantly. However, development trends and optimization strategies remain unclear, especially regarding comparative insights between Chinese and English research articles within the territorial spatial planning paradigm. A comprehensive review is therefore needed to bridge this gap. This study utilizes bibliometric analysis with CiteSpace, based on publications from the Web of Science (WOS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, to visualize and compare Chinese and English research articles on watershed ecological protection and restoration. By combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, this study identified research hotspots and trajectories and provided directions for future research. The main findings are as follows: (1) A quantitative analysis indicates that the number of publications has increased significantly since 1998, with growing interdisciplinary and cross-sector collaboration. (2) The qualitative analysis reveals three fundamental theoretical principles: holistic management, multi-scale interactions, and dynamic coordination. (3) The Chinese Academy of Sciences led in research output, while other institutions showed wider geographic coverage, stronger collaboration networks, and a decentralized, multi-core structure. (4) Keyword clustering highlights three major themes: evaluation methodologies for ecological protection and restoration, spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanisms, and integrated governance system development. (5) Within the territorial spatial planning paradigm, future researchers should employ big data analytics and monitoring technologies to better diagnose and address ecological challenges. Full article

Background: China’s rapidly aging population has increased the need for effective community-based eldercare services. However, the lack of standardized, culturally relevant evaluation frameworks hinders consistent service quality assessment and improvement. Objective: This systematic review aims to identify, synthesize, and critically evaluate the existing quality indicators (QIs) currently utilized for home-based community elderly care HCEC in China. It also aims to highlight gaps to inform the development of a more comprehensive and context-appropriate quality framework. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, systematic searches were conducted across Web of Science, PubMed, Wiley, and CNKI databases for studies published in English and Chinese from 2008 onward. Extracted QIs from eligible studies were categorized using Donabedian’s structure–process–outcome (SPO) model. Results: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, with QI sets ranging from 5 to 64 indicators. Most studies emphasized structural and procedural aspects, while outcome measures were limited. Key gaps include inconsistent terminology, insufficient medical care integration, narrow stakeholder engagement, and limited cultural adaptation of Western theoretical frameworks. Furthermore, subjective weighting methods predominated, impacting indicator reliability. Conclusions: Currently, there is no formal quality framework to guide service providers in HCEC, and therefore, quality indicators can be described as fragmented and lack cultural specificity, medical integration, and methodological robustness. Future research should prioritize developing culturally anchored and medically comprehensive QI frameworks, standardize indicator terminology, actively involve diverse stakeholders through participatory methods, and adopt hybrid methodological approaches combining subjective expert insights and objective, data-driven techniques. Alignment with established international standards, such as the OECD long-term care quality indicators, is essential to enhance eldercare quality and support evidence-based policymaking. Full article

Objective: This research seeks to explore and determine the principal pre-surgical risk elements associated with unplanned readmissions following day surgery, providing evidence-based guidance for clinical practice to optimize preoperative evaluations and reduce the incidence of readmissions. Background: As day surgery becomes increasingly common across global healthcare systems, ensuring effective postoperative recovery and preventing readmissions have become critical challenges. Numerous studies have explored the impact of various preoperative risk factors on postoperative readmissions. This study synthesizes existing evidence through a meta-analysis to identify the key preoperative factors associated with increased readmission risk. Methods: An extensive literature review was conducted across various databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and CNKI, to gather all relevant clinical research on pre-surgical risk elements for day surgery procedures, with studies included up to 15 January 2025. A structured analysis was undertaken, and the findings were integrated using a random-effects approach to assess the influence of key preoperative risk factors on subsequent readmissions in day surgery environments. Results: A total of 12 studies, involving 704,568 patients, were incorporated into the final analysis. The findings identified several preoperative factors that were significantly associated with an increased risk of postoperative readmission. These risk factors included: age ≥ 60 years (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.74–3.26, p < 0.00001), ASA classification ≥ 3 (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.61–2.38, p < 0.00001), presence of chronic diseases (OR = 11.78, 95% CI: 9.99–13.90, p < 0.00001), general anesthesia (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.51–3.86, p = 0.0002), infection risk (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.35–2.10, p < 0.00001), gender (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 2.21–2.71, p < 0.00001), complex surgery type (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 2.03–3.93, p < 0.00001), and bleeding disorders (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.53–2.17, p < 0.00001). Conclusions: This study highlights several key preoperative risk factors associated with unexpected readmissions following day surgery. These factors include age, ASA classification, presence of chronic diseases, general anesthesia, infection risk, gender, complex surgery type, and bleeding disorders. These findings provide valuable insights for preoperative assessments. Clinicians should focus on these high-risk factors during preoperative assessment and management to minimize postoperative readmission rates and improve surgical safety and recovery outcomes for patients. Full article

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury (ACLI) is a prevalent sports injury. Genetic factors play a crucial role in determining the risk of ACLI. This systematic review aimed to identify the association between the COL5A1 rs13946 polymorphism and susceptibility to ACLI. Methods: Searches were performed in PubMed Central, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and CNKI. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess potential bias, and data from the included studies were analyzed using RevMan 5.4. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to determine the strength of the association between COL5A1 rs13946 and the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria for screening the association between COL5A1 rs13946 and ACL injury and were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed no significant heterogeneity across five genetic models. Statistically significant findings were observed in the recessive (OR = 1.29, 95% CI [1.06, 1.58], p = 0.01) and allele models (OR = 0.85, 95% CI [0.73, 1.00], p = 0.04). The TT genotype or T allele of rs13946 showed a distinct susceptibility to ACLI under the recessive model, particularly in Caucasians. This study supports the association between COL5A1 rs13946 and the risk of ACLI, particularly in Caucasians. More specifically, the C/- genotype of rs13946 provides protection against ACLI in Caucasians. Further research with larger sample sizes and well-balanced gender-specific cohorts is necessary to validate this association and strengthen our findings. Full article

Background: Hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg), a novel serum biomarker reflecting the activity of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), has generated conflicting evidence regarding its clinical utility for predicting post-antiviral therapy relapse in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Methods: We systematically analyzed 13 studies (15 cohorts, n = 1529 patients) from PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI (through April 2025). A bivariate model evaluated HBcrAg’s predictive performance for relapse outcomes, including virological relapse, clinical relapse, and hepatitis flares. Results: HBcrAg demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.75–0.86) and specificity of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.67–0.76) for relapse prediction, with a diagnostic odds ratio of 10.66 (95% CI: 7.36–15.42) and summary AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80–0.86). Subgroup analysis identified threshold effects as the primary source of heterogeneity, which resolved (I² < 13%) after excluding studies with outlier cutoff values. Meta-regression established that HBcrAg’s predictive value was unaffected by age, sex, hepatitis B e antigen status, or detection methods (p > 0.05). Conclusions: HBcrAg is validated as a robust non-invasive biomarker to optimize treatment cessation strategies, with high sensitivity providing strong negative predictive value in CHB populations. Future research should prioritize multi-marker models to enhance prediction accuracy. Full article

Community gardens are regarded as important green spaces that promote sustainable cities. Some studies have explored the ecosystem services of community gardens in different areas. However, existing studies lack a systematic review of research on community garden ecosystem services, and there is no comparative study of English- and Chinese-language literature. This paper comprehensively reviewed key English- and Chinese-language literature on the ecosystem services of community gardens from the Web of Science and CNKI and analyzed publication years, numbers, research locations, and research topics. The results showed that the number of studies in English and Chinese has increased significantly since 2015, with a consistent upward trend. Research locations are concentrated in urban areas of Europe, America, and eastern China. Both English- and Chinese-language literature focuses on “food supply (quantity)” in the provisioning services, as well as “learning and education” and “social cohesion and integration” in cultural services. The above results are related to the governance frameworks, the management systems, the climatic conditions, and the sustainable development needs of local cities and planning strategies. Given that most of the existing research focuses on the classification and mechanisms of community garden ecosystem services, it is proposed that future research deeply explore the design factors affecting community garden ecosystem services and pay attention to the links between different ecosystem services. The main findings of this review emphasize the correlation between community garden ecosystem services and contextual factors, and point out future research directions. Full article

The rapid growth of China’s aging population has made elderly care a pressing social issue. Due to an imperfect pension system, limited uptake of institutional care, and uneven regional economic development, most elderly people in China still rely on home-based care. Elderly people living at home are usually cared for by their family, partners, caregivers, or themselves. However, this often fails to meet their complex health, safety, and emotional needs. Artificial intelligence may provide promising solutions to improve home care experiences and address the multifaceted health and lifestyle challenges faced by homebound elderly people. This review explores the applications of artificial intelligence in home-based care from four main perspectives: home health care, home safety and security, smart life assistants, and psychological care and emotional support. We systematically searched PubMed, IEEE Xplore, CNKI, and Scopus databases, integrated the latest research published between 2015 and 2024, focused on peer-reviewed, practice-oriented research, and reviewed relevant technology development paths and the current status of the field. Unlike previous studies that focused on physiological monitoring, this study is the first to systematically and comprehensively evaluate the role of artificial intelligence in improving the convenience of daily life and mental health support for elderly people at home. By comprehensively reviewing and analyzing the basic principles and application background of artificial intelligence technology in this field, we summarize the current technical and ethical challenges and propose future research directions. This study aims to help readers gain a deeper understanding of the current status and emerging trends of artificial intelligence-enabled home-based elderly care, thereby providing valuable insights for continued innovation and application in this rapidly developing field. Full article

Background. Needle-related procedures (NRPs) in cancer care are often associated with significant pain and anxiety, contributing to psychological and physiological distress. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR)-based interventions in reducing anxiety, pain, depression, fear, and physiological parameters (pulse rate and respiratory rate) in patients with cancer undergoing NRPs. Methods. A systematic search of 11 databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, IEEE Xplore, Medline, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CNKI) was conducted from inception to 15 May 2025. Two independent reviewers selected and extracted studies based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were performed using Cochrane RevMan 2024 software. Heterogeneity was assessed using Higgins’ I² statistics and Cochran’s Q test. The GRADE framework was applied to evaluate the quality of evidence. Results. Fourteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 1089 participants were included. VR interventions showed significant benefits compared to controls in reducing anxiety (standard mean difference [SMD] = −1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.47 to −1.01, p < 0.001), pain (SMD = −1.30, 95% CI: −1.93 to −0.67, p < 0.001), depression (SMD = −0.73, 95% CI: −0.96 to −0.50, p < 0.001), fear (mean difference [MD] = −1.31, 95% CI: −1.56 to −1.06, p < 0.001), and respiratory rate (MD = −3.85, 95% CI: −6.18 to −1.52, p = 0.001). However, no significant difference was found in pulse rate (MD = 0.25, 95% CI: −14.32 to 14.81, p = 0.97). Conclusions. VR-based interventions are effective in alleviating psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression, fear) and physiological distress (pain, respiratory rate) in patients with cancer undergoing NRPs. However, they do not significantly impact pulse rate. Interpretation of findings should consider limitations such as the small number of studies, limited sample sizes, and high heterogeneity. Further high-quality RCTs with follow-up assessments are warranted. Customizing VR interventions to address demographic and procedural needs may further enhance their effectiveness. Full article

Multimodal transport refers to the integrated transportation in a logistics system in the form of multiple transportation modes, such as highway, railway, waterway, etc. In recent years, the deep integration of electric trucks and route optimization has significantly improved the cost-effectiveness and operational efficiency of multimodal transportation. It has provided strong support for the sustainable development of the logistics system. Based on whether to consider low-carbon requirements, uncertainty, and special cargo transportation, the literature is divided into five areas: traditional multimodal transport path optimization, multimodal transport path optimization considering low-carbon requirements, multimodal transport path optimization considering uncertainty, multimodal transport path optimization considering low-carbon requirements and uncertainty, and multimodal transport path optimization considering special transport needs. In this paper, we searched the literature on multimodal path optimization after 2016 in WOS (Web of Science) and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and found that the number of publications in 2024 is three times that in 2016. We collected 130 relevant studies to summarize the current state of research. Finally, with the development of multimodal transport to collaborative transport and the improvement of the application of in-depth learning in different fields, the research mainly focuses on two future research directions: collaborative transport and the use of in-depth learning to solve uncertain problems, and combining it with the problem of multimodal transport route optimization to explore more efficient and perfect transport solutions. Full article

Background/Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) commonly used as a palliative approach for patients who are not candidates for surgical resection. Understanding the factors that influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after TACE is essential for improving patient-centered care. This systematic review seeks to consolidate current evidence on the variables that impact HRQoL in HCC patients post-TACE. Methods: In adherence to PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across five English and Chinese databases—PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang—covering studies from database inception to May 2025. Eligible studies were observational and examined factors affecting HRQoL in post-TACE HCC patients. Two independent reviewers performed screening, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, including six cohort studies and three cross-sectional studies. The quality assessment rated seven studies as high quality and two as moderate. A range of validated HRQoL assessment tools was used, with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and FACT-G being the most commonly employed. The factors influencing HRQoL were grouped into five categories: (1) demographic factors (e.g., age, gender, education level); (2) clinical indicators (e.g., liver function, tumor burden); (3) psychological factors (e.g., depression, anxiety, spiritual well-being); (4) social support (e.g., financial status, coping mechanisms); and (5) physical symptoms (e.g., fatigue, pain, appetite loss). Across studies, both symptom severity and psychological distress were consistently associated with lower HRQoL. Conclusions: The HRQoL of HCC patients following TACE is influenced by a complex interplay of demographic, clinical, psychological, social, and symptomatic factors. Tailored, multidimensional interventions addressing these diverse aspects are crucial to optimizing recovery and improving overall well-being. Full article

Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy significantly increases the risk of nausea and vomiting, which can impair the treatment’s efficacy and the patient’s quality of life. This meta-analysis examines the incidence and risk factors of platinum-based chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (PINV) in patients treated with this chemotherapy. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We conducted a literature search in the databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, WanFang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Medical Association Journal Database (CMAJD) through to 20 January 2025. Studies that reported the incidence and identified risk factors of nausea and vomiting specifically in patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy were included in the review. The data were extracted independently by two reviewers. The odds ratios (ORs) for each risk factor were calculated from the included studies. Sensitivity analyses and additional subgroup analyses were performed to ensure the robustness of our findings. Results: This meta-analysis included 32 studies involving 14,207 participants. Female sex (OR = 2.363, 95% CI = 1.363–4.096, p = 0.002), anxiety (OR = 1.689, 95% CI = 1.057–2.700, p = 0.028), fatigue (OR = 1.413, 95% CI = 1.145–1.744, p = 0.001), motion sickness (OR = 1.816, 95% CI = 1.266–2.605, p = 0.001), and a history of vomiting during chemotherapy (OR = 2.728, 95% CI = 1.468–5.069, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with an increased risk of PINV. Conclusion: Female sex, anxiety, fatigue, motion sickness, and a history of vomiting during chemotherapy increase the risk of PINV during platinum-based treatments. Full article