Search Results (1,581)

This study investigates the low-latitude ionospheric response over the Eastern Hemisphere during two successive geomagnetic storms on 12–13 November 2025. BDS-GEO observations from 20 GNSS stations, CODE GIM data, Swarm satellite observations, and simulations from the TIEGCM and HWM14 models were integrated to investigate regional ionospheric disturbances, single-station responses, and Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) evolution. During the first storm, with SYM-H reaching −254 nT, EIA intensification and poleward expansion beyond ±20° magnetic latitude were observed, with VTEC approaching 100 TECU at stations over Australia and rTEC exceeding 80% over Australia and the adjacent Pacific Ocean. Swarm observations showed TEC decreases within the EIA crest region and TEC increases in the surrounding areas. In contrast, the second storm, with SYM-H reaching −154 nT, produced disturbances with lower amplitudes, mainly characterized by localized positive TEC anomalies near the magnetic equator within 100°E–180°E, together with negative TEC anomalies in the surrounding low-latitude regions. The first storm was associated with southward IMF Bz reaching −54 nT and electrodynamic uplift related to PPEF, which contributed to the superfountain effect, whereas the second storm was influenced by residual disturbed neutral winds, reduced O/N₂ ratios at low latitudes, and the preconditioned ionospheric state inherited from the first storm. These results demonstrate that successive geomagnetic storms can produce different ionospheric responses in terms of intensity, spatial morphology, and driving mechanisms, highlighting the event dependence and regional variability of low-latitude ionospheric storm responses. BDS-GEO observations offer distinct advantages for monitoring localized ionospheric disturbances over the Eastern Hemisphere. Full article

Redevelopment precincts are often assessed through price uplift, although price appreciation alone does not show whether a local housing market becomes more active or liquid. This study examines whether residential turnover and property valuation diverged around the Etihad Campus redevelopment precinct in East Manchester after the 2014Q4 consolidation of the wider campus setting. Using Office for National Statistics House Price Statistics for Small Areas, the analysis applies a neighborhood-scale synthetic control design to a compact Core-4 treatment precinct, using a filtered within-Manchester donor pool to construct the synthetic benchmark. Residential turnover is measured as the mean residential sales count per Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA), and valuation is measured as the average of LSOA-level median house-price trajectories. Robustness is assessed using alternative treatment definitions and pre-intervention calibration windows. The results show a persistent post-2014 turnover shortfall relative to the synthetic benchmark, supported by rank-based placebo diagnostics and retained across all valid turnover specifications. By contrast, valuation evidence is weaker, mixed, and more sensitive to design choice. These findings indicate selective housing-market reconfiguration rather than generalized uplift. Redevelopment evaluation should therefore distinguish transaction circulation from price-based valuation, particularly in cumulative precinct-scale redevelopment settings. Full article

In recent years, laterally extensive strike–slip faults with relatively small displacement have been recognized in the central Sichuan Basin during deep hydrocarbon exploration. These faults segment the structural framework and provide key conduits for fluid migration and pathways for reservoir reworking, thereby exerting first-order control on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. To characterize their geometry, kinematics, multi-stage evolution, and genetic mechanisms—and to address structural uncertainties limiting deep exploration—we integrate newly processed high-resolution 3D seismic data covering ~22,000 km² with drilling data from 28 drillings that penetrate the Sinian Dengying Formation in the central and western Sichuan Basin. Using coherence–attribute imaging and detailed fault interpretation, we examine the coupling between tectonic superposition and strike–slip fault development. Three fault systems are identified: E–W trending, N–E trending, and N–W trending, of which the E–W and N–E systems dominate the regional tectonic framework and hydrocarbon distribution. Faults preferentially occur along boundaries of secondary structural units and exhibit pronounced multi-stage activity. Integrated fault–stratigraphic relationships, deformation of seismic reflectors, and restoration results indicate five principal activity episodes: Tongwan, Caledonian–Middle Hercynian, Late Hercynian, Indosinian, and Yanshanian, each characterized by distinct intensity, scale, and spatial extent. We propose that establishment of the central Sichuan paleo–uplift prior to the Permian initiated the E–W trending strike–slip system, whereas a Late Hercynian tectonic regime shift—followed by Indosinian foreland overprinting associated with the Longmen Shan—promoted widespread development and reactivation of N–E trending faults, which became dominant. These findings provide a structural basis for deep gas exploration in the Sinian–Cambrian Anyue giant gas field and the Permian Qixia–Maokou reservoirs, and offer insights into strike–slip faulting and hydrocarbon controls within stable cratonic basins. Full article

The uplift of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau has shaped a unique extreme environment, fostering distinct endemic aquatic organisms. Schizopygopsis pylzovi, a vulnerable endemic fish in the upper Yellow River, is a key model for studying the biogeographic patterns of plateau fish. To assess its genetic characteristics and evolutionary dynamics, we comprehensively evaluated 11 geographic populations of S. pylzovi using two complementary mitochondrial markers, the conserved COI gene and the fast-evolving D-loop region. A total of 142 COI and 143 D-loop sequences were analyzed, and sequences alignment, haplotype network construction, AMOVA, and neutrality tests were performed. AMOVA revealed that genetic variation was mainly distributed within populations, indicating weak population differentiation. Neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analysis suggested historical and recent population expansion events. Our findings highlight the value of joint analysis using COI and D-loop markers in revealing the genetic structure of S. pylzovi, provide new insights into the impact of plateau uplift on fish evolution, and establish a scientific basis for the conservation of this vulnerable species. Full article

Increasing the accessibility and portability of precise biomechanical data to sports scientists can assist in making data-driven decisions. The purpose of this study was: (1) Assess the concurrent and convergence validity of discrete and continuous waveform biomechanics of a smartphone-based markerless system. (2) Assess test–retest reliability of the smartphone-based markerless system. Movements were recorded simultaneously with two iPhones using Uplift Labs computer vision software and with Qualisys, a 12-camera marker-based motion capture system. Each participant performed two evaluations, one week apart, consisting of two countermovement jumps. Nested Bland–Altman limits of agreement (LOA), mixed-effect linear regressions, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. Twenty participants were included [Age: 24.7 (6.6) years. Height: 178.3 (4.3) cm. Mass: 86.5 (12.4) kg. Dominant Arm (Right): 17 (85%)]. Concurrent validity (LOA: 11.8 (4.4, 19.1)) demonstrated different results compared to convergence validity (Beta: 0.87 (0.68, 1.0)) and test–retest reliability (ICC: Uplift: 95.5 (90.9, 97.8). Qualisys: 94.4 (88.5, 97.3)). Uplift demonstrated greater than the a priori-determined limits of agreement across the CMJ. However, convergence validity was acceptable. Reliability suggests Uplift could be useful for tracking performance within individual athlete sessions. Full article

Improving residential energy efficiency is essential to meeting UK net-zero targets, yet retrofit uptake in the private rented sector (PRS) remains limited. While many studies examine retrofit measures or Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs), few integrate comparative technology performance, cost–benefit outcomes, and landlord–tenant perspectives within a single housing context. This paper addresses that gap through a mixed-methods case study of a professionally managed private rented housing portfolio in South London, assessing four retrofit technologies: photovoltaic (PV) panels, air source heat pumps (ASHPs), double glazing (DG), and insulation. Quantitative analysis showed that ASHPs delivered the greatest EPC improvement, with 54.5% of properties achieving a two-band uplift, while PV panels offered the strongest financial return, with an average payback period of 11.7 years. Houses achieved the strongest overall results, with combined PV + ASHP retrofits delivering the best technical and financial performance; however, this pairing was only feasible in houses because of the physical requirements for both roof space and external unit installation, whereas flats and maisonettes were more constrained by space and installation feasibility. Stakeholder analysis findings revealed knowledge and incentive gaps: many tenants overestimated the effectiveness of double glazing, while landlords identified high upfront costs and delivery challenges as key barriers. Wider PRS decarbonisation will therefore require stronger policy support, streamlined retrofit delivery, and improved tenant awareness. Full article

The Tonglushan ore field is an important component of the polymetallic mineralization belt in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The skarn-type Cu, Fe, Au, and Mo molybdenum deposits are mainly developed in the contact zone between the rock mass and the strata, as well as in the contact zone between residual and capturing bodies in the rock body. The distribution of ore bodies is controlled by faults and strata, but there is a lack of large-scale geophysical information on the contact relationship between the ore-forming geological body and the host rock and on the deep spatial morphology of the ore-forming structure and intrusion rock. The study uses the JS-WEM2 wide-field electromagnetic instrument and the RS230 spectrometer to conduct the ground frequency domain electromagnetic and radiometric spectrometry measurements on four profiles. The measurement results indicate that the fault distribution in the Tonglushan ore field is predominantly in the NW-trending and NE-trending directions. The NW-trending Tonglushan–Lijiashan fault (F2) is a steeply dipping fault; the NE-trending faults are minor, with steep dips, generally extending no deeper than −1000 m. The Tonglushan stock exhibits the northeastward uplift, characterized by southward overlap and southeastward dip. The deep resistivity is greater than 3000 Ω·m, while the resistivity below −1000 m is less than 2000 Ω·m due to the fault influence. The ore bodies are mainly distributed along the contact zones where variations in the occurrence of the rock intersect with the strata. On resistivity profiles, these zones show the gradient variation in resistivity and the distorted shape of the resistivity contour line. The radioactive element contents of wall rock above the ore bodies are characterized by high U, high Th, and low K. The Wide-Field Electromagnetic Method (WFEM) can effectively detect the distribution and morphology of rocks and faults, and combined with the radioactive characteristics of geological bodies, it can effectively identify concealed faults and the favorable mineralization target areas. Novelty: The study combines the WFEM with radiometric measurements to reduce uncertainty in exploration compared to using only one method. It improves the detection accuracy and target identification ability of deep hidden ore bodies, providing the new technical method for deep mineral exploration in complex structural areas. Full article

On 4 February 1975, the Haicheng Ms 7.3 earthquake occurred in the Liaodong Uplift, northeastern China. To investigate its seismogenic structure and deep geological environment, we acquired broadband magnetotelluric data along two intersecting profiles across the epicentral region and performed three-dimensional inversion. Two orthogonal electrical sections were then extracted from the resulting 3D resistivity model to image the crustal structure beneath the Haicheng earthquake area. The model reveals that the northern segment of the Tanlu fault corresponds to a major electrical discontinuity between the Xialiaohe Basin and the Liaodong Uplift, suggesting that it may represent a deep-seated fault zone extending into the lithosphere. Beneath the Liaodong Uplift, a prominent mid-crustal low-resistivity layer is developed, and a synform conductive body is resolved beneath the source region. The Haicheng mainshock and relocated aftershocks are mainly distributed along the interface between this conductive body and the overlying high-resistivity upper crust. In addition, the Haichenghe–Dayanghe fault is imaged as a conductive zone that connects the mid-crustal conductor with shallower crustal levels. These electrical features suggest that deep crustal fluids, possibly related to Pacific Plate subduction and craton destruction, may have migrated upward along fault zones, weakened the seismogenic fault system, and promoted earthquake nucleation. Compared with the volcanic regions of the Jilin–Heilongjiang orogenic belt, where conductive anomalies extend into the upper mantle, the Haicheng region is characterized mainly by intracrustal conductors. This contrast highlights the role of crustal-scale conductive structures in the seismogenic environment of the Haicheng earthquake and provides geophysical constraints for comparing earthquake- and volcano-related deep processes in northeastern China. Full article

Current research suggests that the uranium enrichment in the Qianjiadian deposit, southwestern Songliao Basin (China), is closely related to hydrocarbon dissipation and deep thermal fluids. However, previous investigations have not carried out systematic in-depth research on the abundant calcite veins hosted in diabase within the ore district, especially regarding their types, genetic mechanisms, formation ages, and genetic links to uranium enrichment. In particular, whether their genesis is associated with the two critical ore-controlling factors (hydrocarbon dissipation and thermal fluid activities) remains poorly constrained and to be elucidated. Through analyses of major and trace element geochemistry, scanning electron microscopy, and fluid inclusion microthermometry on calcite veins within fractures of Lower Cretaceous diabase, this study confirms that the veins are products of epigenetic fluid infill with a medium-to-low temperature hydrothermal nature (115–215 °C). The direction of fluid migration was from north to south, consistent with the trend of hydrocarbon dissipation. In situ U-Pb dating yields Eocene (~42.9 Ma) and Pleistocene (1.57–2.82 Ma) ages for the calcite veins, which are highly consistent with the timing of diabase intrusion (early Eocene) and the main episodes of uranium mineralization (Eocene–Oligocene and Pleistocene). Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions and inclusion components indicate that the carbon source was mainly derived from dissipated hydrocarbons, rather than from sedimentary diagenesis or direct source rock generation. The C-O isotopic signatures reflect further carbon isotope fractionation following the interaction between dissipated hydrocarbons and groundwater, and the inclusion fluids, composed mainly of hydrocarbon gases and water, suggest that the carbon source for calcite vein formation was provided by dissipated hydrocarbons. The temporal coupling of hydrocarbon dissipation, calcite vein formation, uranium mineralization, and thermal input from diabase intrusion reflects the dynamic processes of basin evolution and tectonic reworking. The key dynamic backgrounds for this series of diagenetic and metallogenic events include Late Cretaceous tectonic inversion, Eocene–Oligocene tectonic uplift and erosion, and Pleistocene differential uplift and subsidence. The thermal effects from hydrocarbon dissipation and diabase intrusion were the primary factors driving the anomalous uranium enrichment that formed this super-large deposit. The formation of the calcite veins, along with their characteristics indicative of medium-to-low temperature hydrothermal activity and hydrocarbon dissipation, provides a critical window for understanding these processes and offers robust scientific evidence for this genetic model. This study, for the first time, systematically reveals that the calcite veins within the diabase of the Qianjiadian uranium mining area are of medium-to-low temperature hydrocarbon-bearing hydrothermal origin, and constrains their formation ages to the Eocene (~42.9 Ma) and Pleistocene (1.57–2.82 Ma), which are highly coupled with diabase intrusion and two episodes of uranium mineralization events. C-O isotopic and fluid inclusion evidence indicates that the formation of calcite veins directly records the process of hydrocarbon dissipation–groundwater mixing, providing a new mineralogical and geochronological evidence chain for thermal–hydrocarbon–uranium-coupled mineralization. Full article

Large civil infrastructures, including high-rise buildings, bridges, offshore platforms, transmission towers, tall chimneys, basements below the water table, etc., are often supported on pile foundations. Apart from the usual dead loads and live loads imposed by superstructures, these piles are often subjected to significant uplift forces due to overturning moments or hydrostatic pressure resulting from the effects of wind and wave loading, traffic movement, buoyancy, etc. Piles that withstand tensile loads are termed tension piles. Since the soil is unable to resist tensile stress, the pullout loads imposed on tension piles are prevented primarily by downward skin friction at the pile–soil interface, as well as by the self-weight of the piles. In this paper, a numerical model was developed using boundary element analysis, wherein piles were assumed to be made of an elastic–perfectly plastic material, and the soil was modeled using a parabolic model. The developed model was validated with available experimental results, and acceptable agreement was found. An in-depth study by detailed parametric analysis revealed that the parabolic soil model yielded satisfactory results. Extensive full-scale case studies were also performed to study the influence of various factors on tension pile performance. A set of important conclusions was drawn from the entire work. Full article

With the rapid expansion of urban underground space in China, anti-floating has become a critical challenge, and uplift piles are a key solution. Previous studies on composite anchor-cable uplift piles have primarily focused on small-diameter single-pipe types (≤600 mm), often simplifying the pile as an integral component, leaving the multi-interface stress transfer mechanisms of large-diameter piles inadequately understood. This study proposes a back-analysis method based on orthogonal experiments, implemented using Abaqus 3D finite element software, to determine interfacial mechanical parameters for three critical contact pairs (strand-grout, grout-steel pipe, steel pipe-concrete) in large-diameter multi-pipe composite anchor-cable uplift piles. These parameters are then implemented in a refined 3D finite element model to simulate the load-deformation behavior of such piles. Quantitative results show that the back-calculated parameters are highly reliable, with maximum simulation errors for pile head displacement limited to 13.0% and 9.6% for fully bonded and semi-bonded piles, respectively. Unlike conventional piles, stress and strain in this new pile type transfer progressively from the inner steel strands outward and from the top downward, resulting in reduced pile-soil displacement mismatch, fuller mobilization of side interfacial strength, and effective mitigation of concrete cracking. This study provides a systematic parameter-calibration framework and numerical platform, offering theoretical and technical support for optimized design and engineering application of large-diameter composite uplift piles. Full article

Large-scale linear water diversion infrastructures are highly susceptible to ground deformation induced by groundwater extraction, mining activities, and geological instability, posing potential risks to long-term operational safety. However, conventional SBAS-InSAR monitoring of ultra-long linear infrastructures is often constrained by extensive data volumes, computational burden, and uncertainty associated with empirical buffer selection. To address these issues, this study proposes a practical buffer optimization framework for deformation monitoring along the Middle Route Project (MRP) of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP), China. Using Sentinel-1A SAR images acquired from 2023 to 2024, multiple buffer scales were comparatively evaluated by jointly considering deformation inversion accuracy against leveling measurements and computational efficiency. The results indicate that a 5 km buffer achieves the optimal balance between monitoring reliability and processing efficiency. Validation against first-order leveling benchmarks shows high consistency, with an RMSE of 2.54 mm and an MAE of 2.08 mm. Spatial-temporal analysis reveals significant deformation heterogeneity along the MRP. Severe land subsidence was detected in the Tianjin section due to intensive groundwater exploitation, while localized uplift was observed in parts of Hebei Province, likely associated with groundwater recovery. In addition, pronounced subsidence related to mining activities was identified in Yuzhou, Henan Province. The proposed workflow provides a practical reference for deformation monitoring of large-scale linear water diversion infrastructures and demonstrates the potential applicability of buffer optimization strategies for similar long-distance engineering projects. Full article

In 1926, a group of younger Black artists produced Fire!!, a short-lived but generative publication that sought to interrupt dominant scripts of racial uplift, citizenship, and cultural recognition. Refusing incrementalist visions tethered to Western and U.S. centered norms of belonging, the editors desired an otherwise form of cultural production, one generated outside prevailing regimes of representation. This essay reads Fire!! as a model of breach and mobilizes it to interrogate the contemporary (anti-)diversity, equity, inclusion, and access (DEIA) landscape. Drawing on interdisciplinary system literature, I first trace the narrative logics that organize DEIA discourse, attending to how retrenchment operates through recursive patterns that normalize anti-Black constraint across policy and practice. I then theorize “reading against the grain” as a method for apprehending what exceeds these loops. Through a close reading of Fire!!, I argue that Black cultural production formed outside dominant registers functions as a mechanism for interrupting coherence, exposing the epistemic architectures that structure society and the Human while gesturing toward other modes of existence. Full article

This paper reports on research examining how teachers of color operationalize transformative leadership through their enactment of culturally relevant teacher leadership. in four midwestern urban schools. The authors have documented the ways in which these teacher leaders: (a) frame their purpose in terms of effecting deep and equitable change; (b) disrupt deficit perspectives by challenging and reframing racialized low expectations; (c) articulate a focus on education as emancipatory, emphasizing student learning opportunities as well as community development and uplift; (d) balance the need to critique and disrupt problematic practices while respecting and supporting teachers, and encouraging change; and (e) demonstrate moral courage in the face of increasingly oppressive political environments. Drawing from a larger study on the development of culturally relevant instructional leadership data included observations, three-part long-form interviews, and relevant documents. The results document how participants enacted transformative leadership through their efforts to develop and advocate for culturally competent, academically rigorous, and critically conscious pedagogy through structural changes in their buildings and among the teachers in their charge. The discussion accounts for how transformative teacher leaders navigate (or leverage) obstacles and supports to influence organizational processes from their various positions. Full article

Understanding the mechanisms by which sand and dust particles detach from the land surface has always been one of the most fundamental and critical issues in aeolian physics and dust-storm forecasting. In this study, large-eddy simulation (LES) was employed to resolve the near-wall turbulence structures. Turbulent bursting events were identified using the second-quadrant method, and a force-balance equation for dust-particle entrainment was formulated at burst locations to numerically simulate the entrainment process of particles of different sizes under bursting conditions. By integrating the latest observational data on near-wall turbulent coherent structures during dust storms both the accuracy of flow-field simulations and the physical consistency of particle force analyses were enhanced. The results suggest that, within the present idealized force-balance framework, near-wall turbulent bursting can provide aerodynamic forcing that contributes to the entrainment of sand and dust particles over the simulated parameter range. Under the same friction velocity, the mean number of lifted particles first increases and then decreases with particle size, exhibiting a parabolic trend. For particles of the same size, the number of lifted particles increases significantly with friction velocity. Under identical incoming wind speeds, the number flux of lifted particles decreases nonlinearly with increasing particle size, whereas the mass flux continues to rise with both friction velocity and particle size. These findings further confirm the critical contribution of aerodynamic entrainment to aeolian transport and provide numerical support for refining the dual-mechanism theory of sand entrainment. Full article