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Keywords = 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D

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19 pages, 2674 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Optimization of Bacillus subtilis for Efficiently Producing Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) by Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma (ARTP) Mutagenesis and Metabolic Engineering
by Meng Li, Jiachang Li, Yufei Li, Xian Zhang and Jianzhong Xu
Fermentation 2025, 11(3), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11030137 - 12 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1045
Abstract
Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) plays a crucial role in preventing fractures and certain cardiovascular diseases and is one of the essential vitamins in the human body. In this study, a strain of Bacillus subtilis that produces MK-7 was isolated from commercially available natto fermentation agents, [...] Read more.
Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) plays a crucial role in preventing fractures and certain cardiovascular diseases and is one of the essential vitamins in the human body. In this study, a strain of Bacillus subtilis that produces MK-7 was isolated from commercially available natto fermentation agents, with an MK-7 titer of 75 mg/L. It was named L-5. Firstly, by employing Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis technology and protoplast fusion techniques, mutants resistant to 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (HNA) and diphenylamine (DPA) were obtained, with the titer of MK-7 reaching 196 mg/L. It was named R-8. Based on whole-genome sequencing technology, four mutants involved in the MK-7 synthesis pathway of strain L-5 were identified: 2-succinyl-5-enol-pyruvate-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxylic acid, MenD (S249L); (1,4)-dihydroxy-2-naphthalic acid-heptaisoprenyltransferase, MenA (S196L); 1-deoxy-D-xylose-5-phosphate synthetase, Dxs (N60D, Q185H); and hydroxy acid reductive isomerase, Dxr (Q351K). The overexpression of these mutants led to increases in MK-7 production of 19 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 17 mg/L, and 16 mg/L, respectively, compared to the unmutated genes. These mutations have been shown to be effective. To further enhance the production of MK-7, the mutants menD (S249L), menA (S196L), Dxs (N60D, Q185H), and Dxr (Q351K) were co-expressed. The final titer of MK-7 reached 239 mg/L. This study provides theoretical support for the future genetic modification of key enzymes in the MK-7 biosynthetic pathway. Full article
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12 pages, 1592 KiB  
Article
The Expression of Vitamin D Receptor on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Psoriasis
by Azin Jasmin Zanghaneh, Andrea Elmelid, Martin Gillstedt, Omar Ahmic, Bengt Andersson and Amra Osmancevic
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10677; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910677 - 3 Oct 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1612
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important role in psoriasis, but its involvement in pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with psoriasis and healthy controls and to study the effects [...] Read more.
Vitamin D plays an important role in psoriasis, but its involvement in pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with psoriasis and healthy controls and to study the effects of the Etanercept treatment on VDR expression on PBMCs in patients with psoriasis. Twenty patients with moderate to severe psoriasis received treatment with Etanercept for 24 weeks. The age- and sex-matched controls did not receive any intervention. VDR expression on CD3+ lymphocytes and CD14+ monocytes, and serum levels of total and free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) were analyzed at baseline, after 10–12 weeks, and after 24 weeks in both groups. VDR expression was analyzed using flow cytometry. We observed higher expression of the VDR on CD14+ monocytes in psoriasis patients compared to healthy controls at baseline. This difference was no longer significant after 24 weeks of the Etanercept treatment. The patients with psoriasis improved clinically. However, VDR expression was unaltered during the Etanercept treatment, and there was no correlation between VDR expression and disease severity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Skin Diseases)
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16 pages, 1978 KiB  
Article
Target Values for 25-Hydroxy and 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D Based on Their Associations with Inflammation and Calcium-Phosphate Metabolism
by Xitong Li, Yvonne Liu, Xin Chen, Christoph Reichetzeder, Saban Elitok, Bernhard K. Krämer and Berthold Hocher
Nutrients 2024, 16(16), 2679; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162679 - 13 Aug 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2099
Abstract
Target values for 25-hydroxy vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D remain a topic of debate among clinicians. We analysed data collected from December 2012 to April 2020 from two cohorts. Cohort A, comprising 455,062 subjects, was used to investigate [...] Read more.
Target values for 25-hydroxy vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2D or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D remain a topic of debate among clinicians. We analysed data collected from December 2012 to April 2020 from two cohorts. Cohort A, comprising 455,062 subjects, was used to investigate the relationship between inflammatory indicators (white blood cell [WBC] count and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)2D. Cohort B, including 47,778 subjects, was used to investigate the connection between 25(OH)D/1,25(OH)2D and mineral metabolism markers (phosphate, calcium, and intact parathyroid hormone [iPTH]). Quadratic models fit best for all tested correlations, revealing U-shaped relationships between inflammatory indicators and 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D. Minimal CRP and WBC counts were observed at 1,25(OH)2D levels of 60 pg/mL and at 25(OH)D levels of 32 ng/mL, as well as of 42 ng/mL, respectively. iPTH correlated inversely with both 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D, while phosphate as well as calcium levels positively correlated with both vitamin D forms. Calcium-phosphate product increased sharply when 25(OH)D was more than 50 ng/mL, indicating a possible risk for vascular calcification. Multiple regression analyses confirmed that these correlations were independent of confounders. This study suggests target values for 25(OH)D between 30–50 ng/mL and for 1,25(OH)2D between 50–70 pg/mL, based particularly on their associations with inflammation but also with mineral metabolism markers. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion around ideal levels of vitamin D but require support from independent studies with data on clinical endpoints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Lipids)
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14 pages, 805 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Phototherapy on Systemic Inflammation Measured with Serum Vitamin D-Binding Protein and hsCRP in Patients with Inflammatory Skin Disease
by Andrea Elmelid, Maria Siekkeri Vandikas, Martin Gillstedt, Mikael Alsterholm and Amra Osmancevic
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8632; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168632 - 8 Aug 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2151
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a role in inflammatory skin disease, but the exact mechanisms and the clinical significance remain unclear. According to the free hormone hypothesis, it is the free concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) that is biologically active. Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) [...] Read more.
Vitamin D plays a role in inflammatory skin disease, but the exact mechanisms and the clinical significance remain unclear. According to the free hormone hypothesis, it is the free concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) that is biologically active. Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) acts as the major transporter of vitamin D in the circulation, and DBP concentration defines the free 25(OH)D levels. DBP levels are elevated in various inflammatory conditions, including psoriasis. Narrowband-ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) is the most widely used phototherapy and is an established first-line treatment for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD), often used before proceeding to systemic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of NB-UVB phototherapy on DBP and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, as markers of systemic inflammation, in inflammatory skin disease. Thirty adults (psoriasis (n = 20) and AD (n = 10)) were treated with NB-UVB. Serum DBP, hsCRP, total and free 25(OH)D, and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) were measured before and after NB-UVB. Disease severity was assessed with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). DBP decreased in psoriasis patients and varied with no clear trend in AD patients. HsCRP decreased in both groups, but this did not reach statistical significance. PASI, SCORAD, and VAS improved, and vitamin D levels increased after NB-UVB. Sub-analysis indicated a better response to NB-UVB for patients with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency compared to vitamin D-sufficient patients. The decrease in DBP after NB-UVB in psoriasis patients suggests a potential systemic anti-inflammatory effect of phototherapy. Measurement of vitamin D levels may potentially serve as a tool to identify patients who would derive the greatest benefit from NB-UVB phototherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D and Vitamin D Binding Protein in Health and Disease 3.0)
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21 pages, 3000 KiB  
Article
Intervention Effect of a Soybean-Based Complementary Food Supplement on Anemic Infants in a Poor Rural Region in China: Evidence from Quasi-RCT
by Jiyong Yin, Tingting Liu, Jing Sun, Junsheng Huo and Jian Huang
Children 2024, 11(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11010013 - 21 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1496
Abstract
The soybean-based Yingyang Bao complementary food supplement represents a special nutritional improvement method for anemic infants in many intervention projects across China, while its benefits lack rigorous evidence. Using a quasi-randomized controlled trial design, which adhered to randomization and control except for the [...] Read more.
The soybean-based Yingyang Bao complementary food supplement represents a special nutritional improvement method for anemic infants in many intervention projects across China, while its benefits lack rigorous evidence. Using a quasi-randomized controlled trial design, which adhered to randomization and control except for the blinding method, 248 anemic infants were divided randomly into an intervention group (128 cases received the Yingyang Bao intervention based on routine feeding) and a control group (120 cases only received routine feeding). Anthropometric indicators and 16 blood indicators were measured at baseline and 1 year after intervention. The levels of hemoglobin, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, homocysteine, retinol, vitamin D3, and soluble transferrin receptor and the height–age-Z score and weight–age-Z score of the intervention group were significantly improved after the intervention (p < 0.05). The homocysteine level improvement appeared to be moderately negatively correlated with the cobalamin level improvement (p < 0.05). The improvements of five indicators were significant correlated with the intervention duration (p < 0.05), and the corresponding three significant regression equations could predict the intervention effect and the intervention duration to a certain extent. This quasi-randomized controlled trial provided more convincing evidence that Yingyang Bao can effectively improve three kinds of malnutrition compared to previous research which only adopted self before and after comparison. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition)
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14 pages, 1576 KiB  
Article
VDR and PDIA3 Are Essential for Activation of Calcium Signaling and Membrane Response to 1,25(OH)2D3 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
by Joanna I. Nowak, Anna M. Olszewska, Justyna M. Wierzbicka, Magdalena Gebert, Rafał Bartoszewski and Michał A. Żmijewski
Cells 2024, 13(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13010011 - 20 Dec 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2497
Abstract
The genomic activity of 1,25(OH)2D3 is mediated by vitamin D receptor (VDR), whilst non-genomic is associated with protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (PDIA3). Interestingly, our recent studies documented that PDIA3 is also involved, directly or indirectly, in the [...] Read more.
The genomic activity of 1,25(OH)2D3 is mediated by vitamin D receptor (VDR), whilst non-genomic is associated with protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 (PDIA3). Interestingly, our recent studies documented that PDIA3 is also involved, directly or indirectly, in the modulation of genomic response to 1,25(OH)2D3. Moreover, PDIA3 was also shown to regulate cellular bioenergetics, possibly through the modulation of STAT signaling. Here, the role of VDR and PDIA3 proteins in membrane response to 1,25(OH)2D3 and calcium signaling was investigated in squamous cell carcinoma A431 cell line with or without the deletion of VDR and PDIA3 genes. Calcium influx was assayed by Fura-2AM or Fluo-4AM, while calcium-regulated element (NFAT) activation was measured using a dual luciferase assay. Further, the levels of proteins involved in membrane response to 1,25(OH)2D3 in A431 cell lines were analyzed via Western blot analysis. The deletion of either PDIA3 or VDR resulted in the decreased baseline levels of Ca2+ and its responsiveness to 1,25(OH)2D3; however, the effect was more pronounced in A431∆PDIA3. Furthermore, the knockout of either of these genes disrupted 1,25(OH)2D3-elicited membrane signaling. The data presented here indicated that the VDR is essential for the activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CAMK2A), while PDIA3 is required for 1,25(OH)2D3-induced calcium mobilization in A431 cells. Taken together, those results suggest that both VDR and PDIA3 are essential for non-genomic response to this powerful secosteroid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hormonal Regulation of Calcium Homeostasis)
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11 pages, 1741 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Rickets Type II Model Rats to Reveal Functions of Vitamin D and Vitamin D Receptor
by Yuichiro Iwai, Ayano Iijima, Satoko Kise, Chika Nagao, Yuto Senda, Kana Yabu, Hiroki Mano, Miyu Nishikawa, Shinichi Ikushiro, Kaori Yasuda and Toshiyuki Sakaki
Biomolecules 2023, 13(11), 1666; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13111666 - 19 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1907
Abstract
Vitamin D has been known to exert a wide range of physiological effects, including calcemic, osteogenic, anticancer, and immune responses. We previously generated genetically modified (GM) rats and performed a comparative analysis of their physiological properties to elucidate the roles of vitamin D [...] Read more.
Vitamin D has been known to exert a wide range of physiological effects, including calcemic, osteogenic, anticancer, and immune responses. We previously generated genetically modified (GM) rats and performed a comparative analysis of their physiological properties to elucidate the roles of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR). In this study, our primary goal was to investigate the manifestations of type II rickets in rats with the VDR(H301Q) mutation, analogous to the human VDR(H305Q). Additionally, we created a double-mutant rat with the VDR(R270L/H301Q) mutation, resulting in almost no affinity for 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25D3) or 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25D3). Notably, the plasma calcium concentration in Vdr(R270L/H301Q) rats was significantly lower than in wild-type (WT) rats. Meanwhile, Vdr(H301Q) rats had calcium concentrations falling between those of Vdr(R270L/H301Q) and WT rats. GM rats exhibited markedly elevated plasma parathyroid hormone and 1,25D3 levels compared to those of WT rats. An analysis of bone mineral density in the cortical bone of the femur in both GM rats revealed significantly lower values than in WT rats. Conversely, the bone mineral density in the trabecular bone was notably higher, indicating abnormal bone formation. This abnormal bone formation was more pronounced in Vdr(R270L/H301Q) rats than in Vdr(H301Q) rats, highlighting the critical role of the VDR-dependent function of 1,25D3 in bone formation. In contrast, neither Vdr(H301Q) nor Vdr(R270L/H301Q) rats exhibited symptoms of alopecia or cyst formation in the skin, which were observed in the Vdr-KO rats. These findings strongly suggest that unliganded VDR is crucial for maintaining the hair cycle and normal skin. Our GM rats hold significant promise for comprehensive analyses of vitamin D and VDR functions in future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Vitamin D and Its Analog II)
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14 pages, 2140 KiB  
Article
Altered Expression of Vitamin D Metabolism Genes and Circulating MicroRNAs in PBMCs of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: Their Association with Vitamin D Status and Ongoing Islet Autoimmunity
by Hakeemah Al-Nakhle, Ihsan Mohsen, Bashir Elnaem, Abdullah Alharbi, Ibtisam Alnakhli, Shareefa Almoarfi and Jameela Fallatah
Non-Coding RNA 2023, 9(5), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna9050060 - 7 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2502
Abstract
Background: The immunomodulatory role of 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is exerted through its interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) present on pancreatic and immune cells. While a deficiency in vitamin D has been linked to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), the exact [...] Read more.
Background: The immunomodulatory role of 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is exerted through its interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) present on pancreatic and immune cells. While a deficiency in vitamin D has been linked to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), the exact molecular mechanism driving this down-regulation in T1DM is yet to be fully understood. This study aimed to decipher differences in the expression of genes associated with vitamin D metabolism in T1DM patients and to ascertain if there is a correlation between serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels and the expression of these genes. We also sought to understand the influence of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) on the expression of vitamin D metabolism genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of T1DM patients. Furthermore, the study delved into the potential implications of altered vitamin D metabolism genes and miRNAs on autoimmune processes. Methods: Utilizing real-time PCR, we assessed the expression profiles of genes encoding for 1-hydroxylases (CYP27B1) and 24-hydroxylases (CYP24A1), as well as related miRNAs, in PBMCs from 30 T1DM patients and 23 healthy controls. ELISA tests facilitated the measurement of 1,25(OH)2D3, GAD65, and IA-2 levels. Results: Our findings showcased downregulated CYP27B1 mRNA levels, while CYP24A1 expression remained stable compared to healthy subjects (CYP27B1, p = 0.0005; CYP24A1, p = 0.205, respectively). In T1DM patients, the levels of has-miR-216b-5p were found to be increased, while the levels of has-miR-21-5p were decreased in comparison to the control group. Notably, no correlation was identified between the expression of CYP27B1 in T1DM patients and the levels of has-miR-216b-5p, has-miR-21-5p, and 1,25(OH)2D3. A significant negative correlation was identified between CYP27B1 mRNA levels in PBMCs of T1DM and IA2, but not with GAD65. Conclusions: The study highlights there were reduced levels of both CYP27B1 mRNA and has-miR-21-5p, along with elevated levels of has-miR-216b-5p in the PBMCs of T1DM. However, the absence of a correlation between the expression of CYP27B1, levels of has-miR-216b-5p, and the status of 1,25(OH)2D3 suggests the possible existence of other regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, the inverse relationship between IA2 autoantibodies and CYP27B1 expression in T1DM patients indicates a potential connection between this gene and the autoimmune processes inherent in T1DM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-coding RNA and Diabetes 2.0)
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12 pages, 294 KiB  
Article
The Role of Polymorphism in the Endothelial Homeostasis and Vitamin D Metabolism Genes in the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease
by Anastasia Ponasenko, Anna Sinitskaya, Maxim Sinitsky, Maria Khutornaya and Olga Barbarash
Biomedicines 2023, 11(9), 2382; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092382 - 25 Aug 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1633
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The maintenance of endothelial homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism play an important role in CAD pathogenesis. This study aimed to determine the association of endothelial homeostasis and [...] Read more.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The maintenance of endothelial homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism play an important role in CAD pathogenesis. This study aimed to determine the association of endothelial homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism gene polymorphism with CAD severity. A total of 224 low-risk patients (SYNTAX score ≤ 31) and 36 high-risk patients (SYNTAX score > 31) were recruited for this study. The serum level of E-, L- and P-selectins; endothelin; eNOS; 25OH; and 1.25-dihydroxy vitamin D was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Polymorphic variants in SELE, SELP, SELPLG, END1, NOS3, VDR and GC were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found no differences in the serum levels of the studied markers between high- and low-risk patients. Three polymorphic variants associated with CAD severity were discovered: END1 rs3087459, END1 rs5370 and GC rs2298849 in the log-additive model. Moreover, we discovered a significantly decreased serum level of 1.25-dihydroxy vitamin D in high-risk CAD patients with the A/A–A/G genotypes of the rs2228570 polymorphism of the VDR gene, the A/A genotype of the rs7041 polymorphism of the GC gene and the A/A genotype of the rs2298849 polymorphism of the GC gene. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of CVD: Focus on Atherosclerosis)
15 pages, 36569 KiB  
Article
Effects of Topical 1,25 and 24,25 Vitamin D on Diabetic, Vitamin D Deficient and Vitamin D Receptor Knockout Mouse Corneal Wound Healing
by Xiaowen Lu, Zhong Chen, Jerry Lu and Mitchell Watsky
Biomolecules 2023, 13(7), 1065; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13071065 - 1 Jul 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2173
Abstract
Delayed or prolonged corneal wound healing and non-healing corneas put patients at risk for ocular surface infections and subsequent stromal opacification, resulting in discomfort or visual loss. It is important to enhance corneal wound healing efficiency and quality. Vitamin D (Vit D) is [...] Read more.
Delayed or prolonged corneal wound healing and non-healing corneas put patients at risk for ocular surface infections and subsequent stromal opacification, resulting in discomfort or visual loss. It is important to enhance corneal wound healing efficiency and quality. Vitamin D (Vit D) is both a hormone and a vitamin, and its insufficiency has been linked to immune disorders and diabetes. For this study, wound healing and recruitment of CD45+ cells into the wound area of normoglycemic and diabetic mice were examined following corneal epithelial debridement and treatment with 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D (1,25 Vit D) or 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25 Vit D). Treatment with topical 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D (1,25 Vit D) resulted in significantly increased corneal wound healing rates of normoglycemic, diabetic and diabetic Vit D deficient mice. Furthermore, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25 Vit D) significantly increased corneal wound healing of diabetic Vit D deficient and Vit D receptor knockout (VDR KO) mice. In addition, CD45+ cell numbers were reduced in diabetic and VDR KO mouse corneas compared to normoglycemic mice, and 24,25 Vit D increased the recruitment of CD45+ cells to diabetic mouse corneas after epithelial debridement. CD45+ cells were found to infiltrate into the corneal basal epithelial layer after corneal epithelial debridement. Our data indicate that topical Vit D promotes corneal wound healing and further supports previous work that the Vit D corneal wound healing effect is not totally VDR-dependent. Full article
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25 pages, 41269 KiB  
Article
The Over-Irradiation Metabolite Derivative, 24-Hydroxylumister-ol3, Reduces UV-Induced Damage in Skin
by Warusavithana Gunawardena Manori De Silva, Bianca Yuko McCarthy, Jeremy Han, Chen Yang, Andrew J. A. Holland, Harvey Stern, Katie Marie Dixon, Edith Kai Yan Tang, Robert Charles Tuckey, Mark Stephen Rybchyn and Rebecca Sara Mason
Metabolites 2023, 13(7), 775; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13070775 - 21 Jun 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2395
Abstract
The hormonal form of vitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, reduces UV-induced DNA damage. UV exposure initiates pre-vitamin D3 production in the skin, and continued UV exposure photoisomerizes pre-vitamin D3 to produce “over-irradiation products” such as lumisterol3 [...] Read more.
The hormonal form of vitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, reduces UV-induced DNA damage. UV exposure initiates pre-vitamin D3 production in the skin, and continued UV exposure photoisomerizes pre-vitamin D3 to produce “over-irradiation products” such as lumisterol3 (L3). Cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1) in skin catalyzes the conversion of L3 to produce three main derivatives: 24-hydroxy-L3 [24(OH)L3], 22-hydroxy-L3 [22(OH)L3], and 20,22-dihydroxy-L3 [20,22(OH)L3]. The current study investigated the photoprotective properties of the major over-irradiation metabolite, 24(OH)L3, in human primary keratinocytes and human skin explants. The results indicated that treatment immediately after UV with either 24(OH)L3 or 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and oxidative DNA damage, with similar concentration response curves in keratinocytes, although in skin explants, 1,25(OH)2D3 was more potent. The reductions in DNA damage by both compounds were, at least in part, the result of increased DNA repair through increased energy availability via increased glycolysis, as well as increased DNA damage recognition proteins in the nucleotide excision repair pathway. Reductions in UV-induced DNA photolesions by either compound occurred in the presence of lower reactive oxygen species. The results indicated that under in vitro and ex vivo conditions, 24(OH)L3 provided photoprotection against UV damage similar to that of 1,25(OH)2D3. Full article
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18 pages, 5792 KiB  
Article
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Improves Follicular Development and Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis by Regulating Vitamin D Receptor in the Layers Model
by Manman Cheng, Zhenquan Song, Yan Guo, Xuliang Luo, Xuelian Li, Xiaohui Wu and Yanzhang Gong
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45(5), 4017-4034; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45050256 - 4 May 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2522
Abstract
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VitD3) is the active form of vitamin D, and it regulates gene expression and protein synthesis in mammalian follicle development. However, the function of VitD3 in the follicular development of layers remains unclear. This study investigated, through [...] Read more.
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VitD3) is the active form of vitamin D, and it regulates gene expression and protein synthesis in mammalian follicle development. However, the function of VitD3 in the follicular development of layers remains unclear. This study investigated, through in vivo and in vitro experiments, the effects of VitD3 on follicle development and steroid hormone biosynthesis in young layers. In vivo, ninety 18-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly divided into three groups for different treatments of VitD3 (0, 10, and 100 μg/kg). VitD3 supplementation promoted follicle development, increasing the number of small yellow follicles (SYFs) and large yellow follicles (LYFs) and the thickness of the granulosa layer (GL) of SYFs. Transcriptome analysis revealed that VitD3 supplementation altered gene expression in the ovarian steroidogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism signaling pathways. Steroid hormone-targeted metabolomics profiling identified 20 steroid hormones altered by VitD3 treatment, with 5 being significantly different among the groups. In vitro, it was found that VitD3 increased cell proliferation, promoted cell-cycle progression, regulated the expression of cell-cycle-related genes, and inhibited the apoptosis of granulosa cells from pre-hierarchical follicles (phGCs) and theca cells from prehierarchical follicles (phTCs). In addition, the steroid hormone biosynthesis-related genes, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression level was significantly altered by VitD3. Our findings identified that VitD3 altered the gene expression related to steroid metabolism and the production of testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone in the pre-hierarchical follicles (PHFs), resulting in positive effects on poultry follicular development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research on Female Reproductive Diseases)
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14 pages, 1504 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Feasibility of Pro-Neurotensin and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 as Possible Indicators for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications
by Amal A. Mohammed, Dina M. Abo El-Matty, Esraa A. Abd ElSalam, Mona A. Hussein, Wael Hafez, Sharehan A. Ibrahim, Eman A. H. Shaheen, Eman A. Awad, Marwa A. Osman, Marwa S. Abd El-Raouf, Salma M. Saed, Reham Y. El-Amir, Doaa Ghaith, Fatme Al Anouti and Alaa S. Wahba
Healthcare 2023, 11(8), 1088; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11081088 - 11 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2258
Abstract
(1) Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome are associated with decreased vitamin D. In contrast, high pro-neurotensin (pro-NT) levels are linked with an increased risk of T2DM and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the validity of pro-NT and 25-dihydroxy [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome are associated with decreased vitamin D. In contrast, high pro-neurotensin (pro-NT) levels are linked with an increased risk of T2DM and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the validity of pro-NT and 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 levels as predictors for T2DM complications; (2) Methods: One hundred T2DM, and one hundred healthy volunteers participated in this case-control study. Their Pro-NT and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were evaluated using the ELISA technique; (3) Results: Pro-NT and 25 (OH) vitamin D3 have significant validity and accuracy in T2DM prediction, 84.5%, and 90.5%, respectively (p = 0.001). At a value of <29.5, 25-Hydroxy vitamin D3 showed 88% sensitivity and 93% specificity in predicting T2DM. At a value of >124 Pmol/L, Pro-NT showed 81% sensitivity and 88% specificity in predicting T2DM. At a value of 16.5, 25-Hydroxy vitamin D3 had 78.4% sensitivity and 68.3% specificity in predicting T2DM complications. At a value of >158 pmol/L, Pro-NT predicted T2DM complications with 67.6% sensitivity and 56.0% specificity; (4) Conclusions: 25 (OH) Vit D3 and Pro-NT could identify T2DM patients and predict T2DM complications. More extensive research is required to adequately validate this novel perspective with a large population study. Full article
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14 pages, 2821 KiB  
Article
Effects of Low-Phosphorus Diets Supplemented with Phytase on the Production Performance, Phosphorus-Calcium Metabolism, and Bone Metabolism of Aged Hy-Line Brown Laying Hens
by Yuechang Ren, Yaping Liu, Kexin Jiang, Linkui Li, Ning Jiao, Zhengqi Zhu, Kaiying Zhang, Shuzhen Jiang, Weiren Yang and Yang Li
Animals 2023, 13(6), 1042; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13061042 - 13 Mar 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2930
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase supplementation in low-phosphorus diets on the production performance, phosphorus–calcium metabolism, and bone metabolism in laying hens from 69 to 78 weeks of age. Hy-Line Brown laying hens (n = 1350) were assigned [...] Read more.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase supplementation in low-phosphorus diets on the production performance, phosphorus–calcium metabolism, and bone metabolism in laying hens from 69 to 78 weeks of age. Hy-Line Brown laying hens (n = 1350) were assigned randomly to six treatments with five replicates of 45 birds. A corn–soybean meal-based diet with no inorganic phosphates was formulated to contain 0.12% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) and 1470 FTU/kg phytase (Released phytate phosphorus content ≥ 0.1%). Inorganic phosphorus (dicalcium phosphate) was supplemented into the basal diet to construct five test diets (level of NPP supplementation = 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, and 0.30%). The level of calcium carbonate was adjusted to ensure that all six experimental diets contained the same calcium percentage (3.81%). The feeding trial lasted 10 weeks (hens from 69 to 78 weeks of age). Upon supplementation with phytase (1470 FTU/kg), supplemental inorganic phosphates (dicalcium phosphate) had no significant effects (p > 0.05) on the production performance or egg quality. Significant differences in serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, copper, iron, zinc, or manganese were not detected across treatments (p > 0.05). Hens fed NPP (0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, and 0.30%) had higher levels (p < 0.0001) of tibial ash, calcium, and phosphorus than those not fed inorganic phosphates. The tibial breaking strength of the group without inorganic phosphates was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p < 0.01). Dietary supplementation with inorganic phosphates had no effect (p > 0.05) on serum levels of calcitonin (CT) and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3). Hens that did not receive supplementation with inorganic phosphates had higher serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteoprotegerin (OPG), type-I collagen c-telopeptide (CTX-I), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b) compared with those in the other groups (p < 0.01). Serum levels of CTX-I and TRACP-5b were significantly lower in the NPP-supplementation groups of 0.25% and 0.30% than in the 0.10% NPP-supplementation group (p < 0.01). Dietary supplementation with inorganic phosphates had no effect (p > 0.05) on serum levels of bone-alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OCN), or osteopontin (OPN). Hens not fed inorganic phosphate had the highest renal expression of phosphorus transporter type IIa Na/Pi cotransporter (NaPi-Ⅱa). Renal expression of NaPi-Ⅱa was increased significantly in NPP-supplementation groups of 0.10–0.20% compared with that in NPP-supplementation groups of 0.25% and 0.30% (p < 0.0001). The results indicated that a reduction in NPP supplementation to 0.15% (dietary NPP level = 0.27%) with phytase inclusion did not have an adverse effect on the production performance or bone health of laying hens from 69 to 78 weeks of age, which might be attributed to renal phosphorus reabsorption and bone resorption. These findings could support the application of low-phosphorus diets in the poultry industry. Full article
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21 pages, 6075 KiB  
Article
1α,25(OH)2D3 Promotes the Autophagy of Porcine Ovarian Granulosa Cells as a Protective Mechanism against ROS through the BNIP3/PINK1 Pathway
by Shiyou Wang, Qichun Yao, Fan Zhao, Wenfei Cui, Christopher A. Price, Yifan Wang, Jing Lv, Hong Tang and Zhongliang Jiang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(5), 4364; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054364 - 22 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2038
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) is one of the important nutrients required by livestock; however, VD deficiency is reported to be widespread. Earlier studies have suggested a potential role for VD in reproduction. Studies on the correlation between VD and sow reproduction are limited. The [...] Read more.
Vitamin D (VD) is one of the important nutrients required by livestock; however, VD deficiency is reported to be widespread. Earlier studies have suggested a potential role for VD in reproduction. Studies on the correlation between VD and sow reproduction are limited. The aim of the current study was aimed to determine the role of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) on porcine ovarian granulosa cells (PGCs) in vitro to provide a theoretical basis for improving the reproductive efficiency of sows. We used chloroquine (autophagy inhibitor) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine in conjunction with 1α,25(OH)2D3 to explore the effect on PGCs. The results showed that 10 nM of 1α,25(OH)2D3 increased PGC viability and ROS content. In addition, 1α,25(OH)2D3 induces PGC autophagy according to the gene transcription and protein expression levels of LC3, ATG7, BECN1, and SQSTM1 and promotes the generation of autophagosomes. 1α,25(OH)2D3-induced autophagy affects the synthesis of E2 and P4 in PGCs. We investigated the relationship between ROS and autophagy, and the results showed that 1α,25(OH)2D3-induced ROS promoted PGC autophagy. The ROS-BNIP3-PINK1 pathway was involved in PGC autophagy induced by 1α,25(OH)2D3. In conclusion, this study suggests that 1α,25(OH)2D3 promotes PGC autophagy as a protective mechanism against ROS via the BNIP3/PINK1 pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stress Signaling and Programmed Cell Death)
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