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Lung cancer is the principal cause of cancer-related mortality globally, accounting for the high number of cancer-associated deaths amongst both men and women [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Tumor Microenvironment Modulation)

23 pages, 10836 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Potential Utilization of End-of-Life Vehicle Carpet Waste in Subfloor Mortars: Incorporation into Portland Cement Matrices

by Núbia dos Santos Coimbra, Ângela de Moura Ferreira Danilevicz, Daniel Tregnago Pagnussat and Thiago Gonçalves Fernandes

Materials 2025, 18(15), 3680; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18153680 - 5 Aug 2025

Abstract

The growing need to improve the management of end-of-life vehicle (ELV) waste and mitigate its environmental impact is a global concern. One promising approach to enhancing the recyclability of these vehicles is leveraging synergies between the automotive and construction industries as part of a circular economy strategy. In this context, ELV waste emerges as a valuable source of secondary raw materials, enabling the development of sustainable innovations that capitalize on its physical and mechanical properties. This paper aims to develop and evaluate construction industry composites incorporating waste from ELV carpets, with a focus on maintaining or enhancing performance compared to conventional materials. To achieve this, an experimental program was designed to assess cementitious composites, specifically subfloor mortars, incorporating automotive carpet waste (ACW). The results demonstrate that, beyond the physical and mechanical properties of the developed composites, the dynamic stiffness significantly improved across all tested waste incorporation levels. This finding highlights the potential of these composites as an alternative material for impact noise insulation in flooring systems. From an academic perspective, this research advances knowledge on the application of ACW in cement-based composites for construction. In terms of managerial contributions, two key market opportunities emerge: (1) the commercial exploitation of composites produced with ELV carpet waste and (2) the development of a network of environmental service providers to ensure a stable waste supply chain for innovative and sustainable products. Both strategies contribute to reducing landfill disposal and mitigating the environmental impact of ELV waste, reinforcing the principles of the circular economy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycled Materials in Concrete: Towards a Circular Economy in Construction)

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23 pages, 1650 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Generative AI-Enhanced Virtual Reality Simulation for Pre-Service Teacher Education: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Usability and Instructional Utility for Course Integration

by Sumin Hong, Jewoong Moon, Taeyeon Eom, Idowu David Awoyemi and Juno Hwang

Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 997; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15080997 (registering DOI) - 5 Aug 2025

Abstract

Teacher education faces persistent challenges, including limited access to authentic field experiences and a disconnect between theoretical instruction and classroom practice. While virtual reality (VR) simulations offer an alternative, most are constrained by inflexible design and lack scalability, failing to mirror the complexity of real teaching environments. This study introduces TeacherGen@i, a generative AI (GenAI)-enhanced VR simulation designed to provide pre-service teachers with immersive, adaptive teaching practice through realistic GenAI agents. Using an explanatory case study with a mixed-methods approach, the study examines the simulation’s usability, design challenges, and instructional utility within a university-based teacher preparation course. Data sources included usability surveys and reflective journals, analyzed through thematic coding and computational linguistic analysis using LIWC. Findings suggest that TeacherGen@i facilitates meaningful development of teaching competencies such as instructional decision-making, classroom communication, and student engagement, while also identifying notable design limitations related to cognitive load, user interface design, and instructional scaffolding. This exploratory research offers preliminary insights into the integration of generative AI in teacher simulations and its potential to support responsive and scalable simulation-based learning environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies in Teaching and Learning to Solve Real-World Challenges: Perspectives, Challenges, and Future Directions)

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11 pages, 1112 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diagnostic Accuracy of Shear Wave Elastography Versus Ultrasound in Plantar Fasciitis Among Patients with and Without Ankylosing Spondylitis

by Mahyar Daskareh, Mahsa Mehdipour Dalivand, Saeid Esmaeilian, Aseme Pourrajabi, Seyed Ali Moshtaghioon, Elham Rahmanipour, Ahmadreza Jamshidi, Majid Alikhani and Mohammad Ghorbani

Diagnostics 2025, 15(15), 1967; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15151967 - 5 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common enthesopathy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Shear wave elastography (SWE) and the Belgrade ultrasound enthesitis score (BUSES) may detect PF, but their comparative diagnostic performance is unclear. Objective: To compare SWE with the BUSES for identifying PF in individuals with and without AS. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 96 participants were stratified into AS and non-AS populations, each further divided based on the presence or absence of clinical PF. Demographic data, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS), and the BASDAI score were recorded. All subjects underwent grayscale ultrasonography, the BUSES scoring, and SWE assessment of the plantar fascia. Logistic regression models were constructed for each population, controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), and fascia–skin distance. ROC curve analyses were performed to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. Results: In both AS and non-AS groups, SWE and the BUSES were significant predictors of PF (p < 0.05). SWE demonstrated slightly higher diagnostic accuracy, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.845 (AS) and 0.837 (non-AS), compared to the BUSES with AUCs of 0.785 and 0.831, respectively. SWE also showed stronger adjusted odds ratios in regression models. The interobserver agreement was good to excellent for both modalities. Conclusions: Both SWE and the BUSES are effective for PF detection, with SWE offering marginally superior diagnostic performance, particularly in AS patients. SWE may enhance the early identification of biomechanical changes in the plantar fascia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound Elastography in Musculoskeletal Disorders: From Bench to Bedside)

19 pages, 6687 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Elastic Modulus Calculations in ASTM D7205 and CSA S806 for CFRP Rebar Under Elevated Temperature

by Seung-Beom Kang, Dae-Hee Kang and Wonchang Choi

Polymers 2025, 17(15), 2143; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17152143 - 5 Aug 2025

Abstract

In this study, the elastic modulus of CFRP rebars under high-temperature conditions was evaluated in accordance with ASTM D7205 and CSA S806, and the differences between the two standards were compared and analyzed. CFRP rebars with diameters of 10 mm and 13 mm were tested, and tensile specimens were prepared following the procedures specified in both standards. Tensile tests were conducted at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 650 °C using an electric furnace. Fracture morphology before and after testing, as well as microstructural changes, were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the ASTM standard determines the elastic modulus based on the initial linear portion of the stress–strain curve before the transition point, whereas the CSA standard includes the post-transition segment. At temperatures below 325 °C, the ASTM-derived modulus exhibited a lower coefficient of variation (COV) compared to the CSA-derived values, indicating a more stable performance. By applying the experimentally obtained modulus values to various prediction models, the model with the lowest average error was identified. These findings confirm that the elastic modulus of CFRP rebars can be reasonably predicted under elevated-temperature conditions using calibrated models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Applications)

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18 pages, 2879 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Smartphone-Compatible Colorimetric Detection of CA19-9 Using Melanin Nanoparticles and Deep Learning

by Turgut Karademir, Gizem Kaleli-Can and Başak Esin Köktürk-Güzel

Biosensors 2025, 15(8), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080507 - 5 Aug 2025

Abstract

Paper-based colorimetric biosensors represent a promising class of low-cost diagnostic tools that do not require external instrumentation. However, their broader applicability is limited by the environmental concerns associated with conventional metal-based nanomaterials and the subjectivity of visual interpretation. To address these challenges, this study introduces a proof-of-concept platform—using CA19-9 as a model biomarker—that integrates naturally derived melanin nanoparticles (MNPs) with machine learning-based image analysis to enable environmentally sustainable and analytically robust colorimetric quantification. Upon target binding, MNPs induce a concentration-dependent color transition from yellow to brown. This visual signal was quantified using a machine learning pipeline incorporating automated region segmentation and regression modeling. Sensor areas were segmented using three different algorithms, with the U-Net model achieving the highest accuracy (average IoU: 0.9025 ± 0.0392). Features extracted from segmented regions were used to train seven regression models, among which XGBoost performed best, yielding a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 17%. Although reduced sensitivity was observed at higher analyte concentrations due to sensor saturation, the model showed strong predictive accuracy at lower concentrations, which are especially challenging for visual interpretation. This approach enables accurate, reproducible, and objective quantification of colorimetric signals, thereby offering a sustainable and scalable alternative for point-of-care diagnostic applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Enabled Biosensor Technologies for Boosting Medical Applications)

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20 pages, 1197 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Comparative Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis

by Vasilios Karageorgiou, Ioannis Michopoulos and Evdoxia Tsigkaropoulou

J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5521; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155521 - 5 Aug 2025

Abstract

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown consistent efficacy in individuals with psychosis, as supported by many trials. One classical distinction is that between affective and non-affective psychosis. Few studies have specifically examined the possible moderating role of substantial affective elements. In this systematic review and meta-regression analysis, we assess how CBT response differs across the affective spectrum in psychosis. Methods: We included studies assessing various CBT modalities, including third-wave therapies, administered in people with psychosis. The study protocol is published in the Open Science Framework. Meta-regression was conducted to assess whether the proportion of participants with affective psychosis (AP), as proxied by a documented diagnosis of schizoaffective (SZA) disorder, moderated CBT efficacy across positive, negative, and depressive symptom domains. Results: The literature search identified 4457 records, of which 39 studies were included. The median proportion of SZA disorder participants was 17%, with a total of 422 AP participants represented. Meta-regression showed a trend toward lower CBT efficacy for positive symptoms with a higher SZA disorder proportion (β = +0.10 SMD per 10% increase in AP; p = 0.12), though it was not statistically significant. No significant associations were found for negative (β = +0.05; p = 0.73) or depressive symptoms (β = −0.02; p = 0.78). Heterogeneity was substantial across all models (I² ranging from 54% to 80%), and funnel plot asymmetry was observed in negative and depressive symptoms, indicating possible publication bias. Risk of bias assessment showed the anticipated inherent difficulty of psychotherapies in blinding and possibly dropout rates affecting some studies. Conclusions: Affective symptoms may reduce the effectiveness of CBT for positive symptoms in psychotic disorders, although the findings did not reach statistical significance. Other patient-level characteristics in psychosis could indicate which patients can benefit most from CBT modalities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Features and Management of Psychosis)

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15 pages, 920 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Toxicity and Detoxification Enzyme Inhibition in the Two-Spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) by Artemisia annua L. Essential Oil and Its Major Monoterpenoids

by Fatemeh Nasr Azadani, Jalal Jalali Sendi, Asgar Ebadollahi, Roya Azizi and William N. Setzer

Insects 2025, 16(8), 811; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16080811 (registering DOI) - 5 Aug 2025

Abstract

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is one of the polyphagous pests of several crops and forestry, resistant to numerous conventional chemicals. Due to the negative side effects of harmful chemical pesticides, such as environmental pollution, and risks to human health, the introduction of effective and low-risk alternatives is essential. The promising pesticidal effects of essential oils (EOs) isolated from Artemisia annua have been documented in recent studies. In the present study, the acaricidal effects of an A. annua EO, along with its two dominant monoterpenoids, 1,8-cineole and camphor, were investigated against adults of T. urticae. Artemisia annua EO, 1,8-cineole, and camphor, with 24 h-LC₅₀ values of 0.289, 0.533, and 0.64 µL/L air, respectively, had significant toxicity by fumigation against T. urticae adults. Along with lethality, A. annua EO and monoterpenoids had significant inhibitory effects on the activity of detoxifying enzymes, including α- and β-esterases, glutathione S-transferases, and cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase. According to the findings of the present study, A. annua EO and its two dominant monoterpenoids, 1,8-cineole and camphor, with significant toxicity and inhibitory effects on detoxifying enzymes, can be introduced as available, effective, and eco-friendly acaricides in the management of T. urticae. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Essential Oils for the Control of Insects and Mites)

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19 pages, 470 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Differential and Integral Equations Involving Multivariate Special Polynomials with Applications in Computer Modeling

by Mohra Zayed, Taghreed Alqurashi, Shahid Ahmad Wani, Dixon Salcedo and Mohammad Esmael Samei

Fractal Fract. 2025, 9(8), 512; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9080512 - 5 Aug 2025

Abstract

This work introduces a new family of multivariate hybrid special polynomials, motivated by their growing relevance in mathematical modeling, physics, and engineering. We explore their core properties, including recurrence relations and shift operators, within a unified structural framework. By employing the factorization method, we derive various governing equations such as differential, partial differential, and integrodifferential equations. Additionally, we establish a related fractional Volterra integral equation, which broadens the theoretical foundation and potential applications of these polynomials. To support the theoretical development, we carry out computational simulations to approximate their roots and visualize the distribution of their zeros, offering practical insights into their analytical behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Applications of Fractional Calculus and Mathematical Modelling)

12 pages, 245 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Examining the Relationship Between Increased Vegetable Consumption and Lifestyle Characteristics Among School-Aged Children: A Descriptive Study

by Konstantinos D. Tambalis, Dimitris Tampalis, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos and Labros S. Sidossis

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(15), 8665; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15158665 (registering DOI) - 5 Aug 2025

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine vegetable consumption and its relationship with lifestyle characteristics among children and adolescents. Data from a health survey administered to a representative sample of 177,091 schoolchildren between the ages of 8 and 17 were employed in this observational, cross-sectional investigation. Physical activity level, screen time, and sleeping patterns were assessed using self-completed questionnaires. Vegetable consumption and dietary habits were analyzed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents. Participants consuming vegetables more than once daily were categorized as consumers vs. non-consumers. Physical education teachers measured anthropometric and physical fitness factors. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted, and the odds ratio with the corresponding 95% confidence interval was calculated and adjusted for confounders. Vegetables were consumed once or more times a day by more females than males (25.5% vs. 24.0%, p < 0.001). In both sexes, vegetable consumers slept more, ate healthier, spent less time on screens, and had better anthropometric and aerobic fitness measurements than non-consumers. Healthy eating practices, such as regularly consuming fruits, legumes, nuts, and dairy products, were strongly correlated with vegetable intake. For every one-year increase in age, the odds of being a vegetable consumer decreased by 8% and 10% in boys and girls, respectively. Overweight/obese participants had lower odds of being a vegetable consumer by 20%. Increased screen time, inadequate physical activity, and insufficient sleeping hours decreased the odds of being a vegetable consumer by 22%, 30%, and 25%, respectively (all p-values < 0.001). Overall, a healthier lifestyle profile was associated with higher vegetable intake for both sexes among children and adolescents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Health Benefits of Fruits and Vegetables—4th Edition)

29 pages, 3268 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Wavelet Multiresolution Analysis-Based Takagi–Sugeno–Kang Model, with a Projection Step and Surrogate Feature Selection for Spectral Wave Height Prediction

by Panagiotis Korkidis and Anastasios Dounis

Mathematics 2025, 13(15), 2517; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13152517 - 5 Aug 2025

Abstract

The accurate prediction of significant wave height presents a complex yet vital challenge in the fields of ocean engineering. This capability is essential for disaster prevention, fostering sustainable development and deepening our understanding of various scientific phenomena. We explore the development of a comprehensive predictive methodology for wave height prediction by integrating novel Takagi–Sugeno–Kang fuzzy models within a multiresolution analysis framework. The multiresolution analysis emerges via wavelets, since they are prominent models characterised by their inherent multiresolution nature. The maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform is utilised to generate the detail and resolution components of the time series, resulting from this multiresolution analysis. The novelty of the proposed model lies on its hybrid training approach, which combines least squares with AdaBound, a gradient-based algorithm derived from the deep learning literature. Significant wave height prediction is studied as a time series problem, hence, the appropriate inputs to the model are selected by developing a surrogate-based wrapped algorithm. The developed wrapper-based algorithm, employs Bayesian optimisation to deliver a fast and accurate method for feature selection. In addition, we introduce a projection step, to further refine the approximation capabilities of the resulting predictive system. The proposed methodology is applied to a real-world time series pertaining to spectral wave height and obtained from the Poseidon operational oceanography system at the Institute of Oceanography, part of the Hellenic Center for Marine Research. Numerical studies showcase a high degree of approximation performance. The predictive scheme with the projection step yields a coefficient of determination of

0.9991

, indicating a high level of accuracy. Furthermore, it outperforms the second-best comparative model by approximately

49 %

in terms of root mean squared error. Comparative evaluations against powerful artificial intelligence models, using regression metrics and hypothesis test, underscore the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Mathematics in Neural Networks and Machine Learning)

17 pages, 6401 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vibrational and Resistance Responses for Ether-Amine Solutions of the Buckypaper-Based Chemiresistor Sensor

by Débora Ely Medeiros Ferreira, Paula Fabíola Pantoja Pinheiro, Luiza Marilac Pantoja Ferreira, Leandro José Sena Santos, Rosa Elvira Correa Pabón and Marcos Allan Leite Reis

Nanomaterials 2025, 15(15), 1197; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15151197 - 5 Aug 2025

Abstract

The development of miniaturized sensors has become relevant for the detection of chemical/biological substances, since they use and detect low concentrations, such as flocculants based on amines for the mining industry. In this study, buckypaper (BP) films based on carboxylic acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) were produced through vacuum filtration on cellulose filter paper to carry out sensory function in samples containing ether-amine (volumes: 1%, 5%, 10% and 100%). The morphological characterization of the BPs by scanning electron microscopy showed f-MWCNT aggregates randomly distributed on the cellulose fibers. Vibrational analysis by Raman spectroscopy indicated bands and sub-bands referring to f-MWCNTs and vibrational modes corresponding to chemical bonds present in the ether-amine (EA). The electrical responses of the BP to the variation in analyte concentration showed that the sensor differentiates deionized water from ether-amine, as well as the various concentrations present in the different analytes, exhibiting response time of 3.62 ± 0.99 min for the analyte containing 5 vol.% EA and recovery time of 21.16 ± 2.35 min for the analyte containing 10 vol.% EA, revealing its potential as a real-time response chemiresistive sensor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section 2D and Carbon Nanomaterials)

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28 pages, 11519 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identifying Sustainable Offshore Wind Farm Sites in Greece Under Climate Change

by Vasiliki I. Chalastani, Elissavet Feloni, Carlos M. Duarte and Vasiliki K. Tsoukala

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(8), 1508; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13081508 - 5 Aug 2025

Abstract

Wind power has gained attention as a vital renewable energy source capable of reducing emissions and serving as an effective alternative to fossil fuels. Floating wind farms could significantly enhance the energy capacities of Mediterranean countries. However, location selection for offshore wind farms (OWFs) is a challenge for renewable energy policy and marine spatial planning (MSP). To address these issues, this study considers the marine space of Greece to propose a GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify suitable sites for OWFs. The approach assesses 19 exclusion criteria encompassing legislative, environmental, safety, and technical constraints to determine the eligible areas. Subsequently, 10 evaluation criteria are weighted to determine the selected areas’ level of suitability. The study considers baseline conditions (1981–2010) and future climate scenarios based on RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for two horizons (2011–2040 and 2041–2070), integrating projected wind velocities and sea level rise to evaluate potential shifts in suitable areas. Results indicate the central and southeastern Aegean Sea as the most suitable areas for OWF deployment. Climate projections indicate a modest increase in suitable areas. The findings serve as input for climate-resilient MSP seeking to promote sustainable energy development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Marine Energy)

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14 pages, 2709 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metagenomic Analysis of the Skin Microbiota of Brazilian Women: How to Develop Anti-Aging Cosmetics Based on This Knowledge?

by Raquel Allen Garcia Barbeto Siqueira, Ana Luiza Viana Pequeno, Yasmin Rosa Santos, Romualdo Morandi-Filho, Alexandra Lan, Edileia Bagatin, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Newton Andreo-Filho and Patricia Santos Lopes

Cosmetics 2025, 12(4), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics12040165 - 5 Aug 2025

Abstract

Metagenomic studies have provided deeper insights into the complex interactions between the skin and its microbiota. However, limited research has been conducted on the skin microbiota of Brazilian women. Given that Brazil ranks as the fourth-largest consumer of cosmetics worldwide, the development of new tools to analyze skin microbiota is crucial for formulating cosmetic products that promote a healthy microbiome. Skin samples were analyzed using the Illumina platform. Biometrology assessments were applied. The results showed pH variations were more pronounced in the older age group, along with higher transepidermal water loss values. Metagenomic analysis showed a predominance of Actinobacteria (83%), followed by Proteobacteria (7%), Firmicutes (9%) and Bacteroidetes (1%). In the older group (36–45 years old), an increase in Actinobacteria (87%) was observed and a decrease in Proteobacteria (6%). Moreover, the results differ from the international literature, since an increase in proteobacteria (13.9%) and a decrease in actinobacteria (46.7%) were observe in aged skin. The most abundant genus identified was Propionibacterium (84%), being the dominant species. Interestingly, previous studies have suggested a decline in Cutibacterium abundance with aging; although there is no significant difference, it is possible to observe an increasing trend in this genus in older skin. These studies can clarify many points about the skin microbiota of Brazilian women, and these findings could lead to the development of new cosmetics based on knowledge of the skin microbiome. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Cosmetics in 2025)

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17 pages, 451 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Which Standards to Follow? The Plurality of Conventions of French Principals Within the School Organization

by Romuald Normand

Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 998; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15080998 (registering DOI) - 5 Aug 2025

Abstract

This study examines the moral agency of French secondary school headteachers through the lens of the theory of conventions. Using qualitative data from interviews with fifteen headteachers involved in professional development, this study explores how these leaders justify their practices within a centralized, bureaucratic, and hierarchical education system. It identifies a variety of conventions—civic, domestic, industrial, project, market, inspired, and fame—that headteachers draw on to navigate institutional constraints, manage professional relationships, and foster pedagogical and organizational change. Particular attention is given to how civic and domestic conventions shape leadership discourse and practices, especially regarding trust building, decision making, and reform implementation. We also compare the French context with international examples from the International Successful School Principalship Project (ISSPP), focusing on Nordic countries, where leadership emphasizes democratic participation, professional trust, and shared responsibility. This study underscores the uniqueness of the French leadership model, which resists managerial and market logics while remaining rooted in republican and egalitarian ideals. It concludes by advocating for a more context-aware, ethically grounded, and dialogical approach to school leadership. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Educational Leadership and Management for Effective Education Policy Implementation)

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