Search Results (78)

In InSAR processing, optimizing baselines by selecting appropriate interferometric pairs is crucial for ensuring interferogram quality and improving InSAR monitoring accuracy. However, in multi-temporal InSAR processing, the quality of interferometric pairs is constrained by spatiotemporal baseline parameters and surface scattering characteristics. Traditional selection methods, such as those based on average coherence thresholding, consider only a single factor and do not account for the interactions among multiple factors. This study introduces a principal component analysis (PCA) method to comprehensively analyze four factors: temporal baseline, spatial baseline, NDVI difference, and coherence, scientifically setting weights to achieve precise selection of interferometric pairs. Additionally, the GACOS (Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service) atmospheric correction product is applied to further enhance data quality. Taking the Haikou Phosphate Mine area in Kunming, Yunnan, as the study area, surface deformation information was extracted using the SBAS-InSAR technique, and the spatiotemporal characteristics of subsidence were analyzed. The research results show the following: (1) compared with other methods, the PCA-based interferometric pair optimization method significantly improves the selection performance. The minimum value decreases to 0.248 rad, while the mean and standard deviation are reduced to 1.589 rad and 0.797 rad, respectively, effectively suppressing error fluctuations and enhancing the stability of the inversion; (2) through comparative analysis of the effective pixel ratio and standard deviation of deformation rates, as well as a comprehensive evaluation of the deformation rate probability density function (PDF) distribution, the PCA optimization method maintains a high effective pixel ratio while enhancing sensitivity to surface deformation changes, indicating its advantage in deformation monitoring in complex terrain areas; (3) the combined analysis of spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I coefficient) and spatial correlation coefficients (Pearson and Spearman) verified the advantages of the PCA optimization method in maintaining spatial structure and result consistency, supporting its ability to achieve higher accuracy and stability in complex surface deformation monitoring. In summary, the PCA-based baseline optimization method significantly improves the accuracy of SBAS-InSAR in surface subsidence monitoring, fully demonstrating its reliability and stability in complex terrain areas, and providing a solid technical support for dynamic monitoring of surface subsidence in mining areas. Full article

The Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, is a water-dwelling crustacean that is widely distributed in northern hemisphere water systems. Body size is one of the crucial indicators determining the economic value of E. sinensis. However, research on the genetic basis and regulatory mechanisms of body size in this species is limited, with only a few relevant genes reported. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the regulatory pathways associated with its growth. This study first utilized transcriptomic profiling and metabolomic sequencing to construct gene expression profiles and metabolite profiles of E. sinensis of different body sizes. Subsequently, through integrated omics analysis, the key genes and regulatory pathways involved in controlling the growth and size of crabs were preliminarily identified. This study found that larger female crabs exhibited significantly enhanced digestive functions, primarily reflected in the upregulation of trypsin-1 expression, suggesting its potentially pivotal role in regulating the growth and development of crabs. Interestingly, a variety of tissue-specific proteins such as APOLPP, RICK A, AGMO, and NEPHRIN, as well as REXO1L1P and ZCCHC24, indirectly influence the growth and development of crabs through their respective functional pathways. In addition, the key KEGG pathways, such as ECM–receptor interaction, cell adhesion, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, were revealed to play central roles in the growth regulation of E. sinensis. These findings expand our understanding of the growth regulation mechanisms in crustaceans and offer potential molecular targets for body-size improvement in aquaculture. Full article

The intestine is an important immune organ of aquatic animals and it plays an essential role in maintaining body health and anti-oxidative stress. To investigate the toxic effects of deltamethrin in intestinal tissue of Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis), 120 healthy crabs were randomly divided into two experimental groups (blank control group and deltamethrin-treated group), with three replicates in each group. After being treated with deltamethrin for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h, intestinal tissues were collected aseptically to assess the effects of deltamethrin on oxidative stress, immunity, apoptosis-related genes, and the structure of microflora in intestinal tissues. Additionally, correlations between gut microbiota composition and intestinal tissue damage-associated genes were analyzed. The results demonstrated that prolonged exposure to deltamethrin induced oxidative stress damage in intestinal tissue. Compared with the blank control group, the expression of autophagy-related genes B-cell lymphoma/Leukemia-2 (bcl-2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (jnk), Microtuble-associated protein light chain 3 (lc3c), Cysteine-dependent Aspartate-specific Protease 8 (caspase 8), BECN1(beclin1), oxidative stress damage-related genes MAS1 proto-oncogene (mas), Glutathione Peroxidase (gpx), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (keap1), Sequestosome 1 (p62), Interleukin-6 (il-6), and immune-related genes Lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha Factor (litaf), Heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) and prophenoloxidase (propo) in the deltamethrin treatment group were significantly up-regulated at 96 h (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the diversity of intestinal flora in the deltamethrin-treated group was significantly higher compared with the blank control group (p < 0.01). Analysis of the differences in the composition of intestinal flora at the genus level showed that the relative abundance of Candidatus Bacilloplasma in the deltamethrin treatment group was significantly lower than that in the blank control group (p < 0.01). In contrast, the relative abundances of Flavobacterium, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Acinetobacter, Chryseobacterium, Lacihabitans, Taibaiella, Hydrogenophaga, Acidovorax, and Undibacterium were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that Malaciobacter, Shewanella, and Prevotella exhibited significant positive correlations with gene indicators (jnk, gpx, lc3c, litaf, hsp90), while Dysgonomonas, Vibrio, and Flavobacterium demonstrated significant negative correlations with multiple gene indicators (caspase 8, p62, il-16, keap1, jnk, etc). These results demonstrate that deltamethrin significantly impacts the gut microbiota, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of E. sinensis. The changes in gut microbiota have correlations with the biomarkers of intestinal tissue injury genes, indicating that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in deltamethrin-induced intestinal tissue damage. These insights contribute to a better understanding of the ecological risks associated with deltamethrin exposure in aquatic organisms. Full article

Deep coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs have the characteristics of low permeability, low porosity, and low water saturation, which easily experience wellbore instability due to drilling fluid, severely affecting drilling safety. Based on the physical property analysis of coal samples, the wellbore instability mechanism of the deep CBM reservoir was investigated by multiple methods. It was found that the wellbore instability is mainly caused by drilling fluid intrusion and the interaction between drilling fluid and coal formation; the fracture pressure of coal after immersion decreased from 27.4 MPa to 25.0 MPa because of the imbibition of drilling fluid. A novel nano-plugging agent with a size of 460 nm was prepared that can cement coal particles to form disc-shaped briquettes with a tensile strength of 2.27 MPa. Based on that, an effective anti-collapse drilling fluid for deep coal rock reservoirs was constructed, the invasion depth of the optimized drilling fluid was only 6 mm. The CT result shows that the number of fractures and pores in coal rock significantly reduced after treatment with the wellbore-stabilizing drilling fluid; nano-plugging anti-collapse agent in drilling fluid can form a dense layer on the coal surface, and then the hydration swelling of clay in the wellbore region can be effectively suppressed. Finally, the drilling fluid in this work can achieve the purpose of sealing and wettability alternation to prevent the collapse of the wellbore in the deep coal reservoir. Full article

Road horizontal curves, which significantly influence drivers’ visual search behavior and are closely linked to traffic safety, also constitute a crucial factor in sustainable road traffic development. This paper uses simulation driving experiments to explore the dynamic response characteristics of 27 typical subject drivers’ visual search behavior regarding road horizontal curve radius. Results show that in a monotonous, open road environment, the driver’s visual search is biased towards the inside of the curve; as the radius increases, the 85th percentile value of the longitudinal visual search length gradually increases, the 85th percentile value of the horizontal search angle gradually decreases, the 85th percentile value of vehicle speed gradually increases, and the dispersion and bias of the gaze points gradually decrease. The search length, horizontal angle, and speed approach the level of straight road sections (380 m, 10° and 115 km/h, respectively). When R ≥ 1200 m, a driver’s dynamic visual search range reaches a stable distribution state that is the same as that of a straight road. A dynamic visual search range distribution model for drivers on straight and horizontal curved road sections is constructed. Based on psychological knowledge such as attention resource theory and eye–mind theory, a human factor engineering explanation was provided for drivers’ attention distribution and speed selection mechanism on road horizontal curve sections. The research results can provide theoretical references for the optimization design of road traffic, decision support to improve the driver training system, and a theoretical basis for determining the visual search characteristics of human drivers in autonomous driving technology, thereby promoting the safe and sustainable development of road traffic. Full article

This study employed multi-omics analysis to systematically evaluate the toxic effects of intraperitoneal injection of MC-LR on GIFT tilapia. The results showed that 96 h post injection, serum levels of aspartate GOT, GPT, LYZ, T-AOC, and SOD significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In contrast, hepatic levels of CAT and MDA significantly increased. The 16S rDNA sequencing method revealed a significant reduction in the α diversity of the intestinal microbiota. At the phylum level, the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota significantly decreased; at the genus level, several genera, including Bacteroides and Pseudomonas, also exhibited significant changes. Functional prediction indicated that the affected pathways were primarily related to metabolism and disease. Additionally, targeted metabolomics analysis showed a significant decrease in the levels of several SCFAs, such as butyric acid. Correlation analysis further elucidated the complex interactions between the intestinal microbiota, biochemical indicators, and SCFA metabolism. Overall, the study demonstrated that MC-LR induced oxidative stress and liver damage and led to intestinal microbiota imbalance and metabolic dysfunction in GIFT tilapia. Full article

Quercus robur L., also referred to as “summer oak” or “English oak”, is an esthetically pleasing species, making it an excellent choice for street trees and gardens. Raising Quercus presents several challenges, including its long growth period, delayed germination, and inconsistent emergence. The shoot proliferation and adventitious root formation of Q. robur are crucial for establishing a tissue culture regeneration system and are vital for the successful transplantation of seedlings. To address this, experiments were conducted to assess shoot proliferation and adventitious root formation in Q. robur using various media. The shoot proliferation time, shoot proliferation coefficient, number of rooting strips, and length indicators of roots were recorded. The results indicated that a combination of 0.3 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 100 mg/L cefotaxime (Cef) was optimal for shoot propagation, while a solution of 0.1 mg/L 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1/2 Murashige and Skoog Medium (1/2MS) medium was most effective for root induction. This study has identified the optimal conditions for adventitious root formation and shoot proliferation in Q. robur, providing a basis for further research into propagation, germplasm conservation and genetic transformation techniques. Full article

Currently, research on the stability of roadway-side supports in gob-side entry techniques primarily focuses on vertical stress, neglecting the lateral effects induced via roof collapse and waste rock compaction in the mined-out area. This paper systematically investigates the effect of roof rotation and the compression of waste gangue on the lateral load-bearing behavior of the roadway-side support system, combining theoretical analysis with FLAC3D numerical simulations. The results indicate that the lateral load-bearing capacity of the support system is positively correlated with both mining height and the width of the roadway-side support. When the mining height or the support width is small, the lateral load-bearing capacity of the support system is weaker, making it more prone to sliding failure. Furthermore, lateral load control technology for the roadway-side support system is proposed, which includes “roof cutting + increasing width”. When the stress transfer path of the roof is blocked, as the support system width increases from 1 m to 2 m, the lateral load-bearing capacity of the roadway-side support significantly increases and then stabilizes. This results in different extents of expansion in the elastic region within the support system, providing valuable insights for the design of roadway-side supports. Full article

Chloroplasts are not only places for photosynthesis, but also participate in plant immunity and are important targets of pathogens. Pathogens secrete chloroplast-targeted proteins (CTPs) that disrupt host immunity and promote infection. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a phytopathogenic fungus with a broad host range. However, little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this wide host range. In this study, we investigated the role of Chloroplast-Targeted Protein 1 (SsCTP1) secreted by S. sclerotiorum in pathogenesis, which inhibits plant immunity and promotes pathogen infections. SsCTP1 was highly up-regulated during the early stages of S. sclerotiorum infection in various hosts, and its transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that it was predominantly localized within chloroplasts. Mutants with SsCTP1 deletion exhibited a similar growth rate and colony morphology to the wild type, but significantly reduced pathogenicity in various hosts. Moreover, SsCTP1 inhibited chitin-induced callose deposition and defense gene expression, and enhanced sensitivity to S. sclerotiorum in N. benthamiana. Similarly, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing SsCTP1 displayed an increased susceptibility to S. sclerotiorum. Furthermore, two host proteins that interact with SsCTP1, Coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase (GmCPX), and shikimate kinase 2 (GmSKL2) were identified by screening the soybean cDNA library, and these interactions were confirmed in vivo. Importantly, the silencing of NbCPX by virus-induced gene silencing enhanced N. benthamiana resistance to S. sclerotiorum. Our results indicate that SsCTP1 is an important pathogenic factor that contributes to the wide host range of S. sclerotiorum and may inhibit plant immunity by targeting the chloroplast proteins GmCPX and GmSKL2, which are ubiquitous in host plants. Full article

Truck skidding crashes on horizontal curves pose a significant road safety concern, with improper braking being the primary cause. A data- and model-integrated driven method is proposed to investigate the mechanism and recommend the maximum safe braking deceleration rates without skidding (abbreviated as MSBDRs) for trucks on horizontal curves. Firstly, a comprehensive road–vehicle interaction model was developed, considering dynamic changes in brake force distribution, vertical tire load, and longitudinal and side friction during braking. Secondly, leveraging the “HighD” data set and employing cluster analysis principles, parameter data were extracted using Python and Matlab. Finally, through parameterizing model inputs, the transient dynamic response of trucks was examined, the potential of truck skidding was predicted, and the MSBDRs were recommended. The results indicate the following. (1) There is little concern of truck skidding during car-following braking maneuvers; however, there is a high potential of truck skidding during emergency braking maneuvers. (2) The MSBDR is 4.5 m/s² on a limit-minimum-radius horizontal curve; however, when combined with steep slopes, an overspeed exceeding 20%, and extremely wet road conditions, respectively, the MSBDRs decrease to 4 m/s², 3 m/s², and 2 m/s². These results provide a theoretical foundation for braking strategies in autonomous vehicles. Full article

The carbon emitted by vehicles traveling on curved roads is greatly affected by the alignment of the route, yet the mechanism behind this is not yet clear, leading to current horizontal alignment designs being unable to avoid this problem. To clarify the principles and indicator thresholds of low-carbon design for planar geometry, this study takes the carbon emission of traveling on curved routes as the research object, and establishes a relationship model between carbon emissions and design indicators based on the principles of vehicle dynamics and kinematics. Field tests were conducted to validate the quantitative relationship model. The model shows that both radius and superelevation are negatively correlated with carbon emissions, while the lateral force coefficient is positively correlated with carbon emissions. The contribution of radius to carbon emissions is greater than that of superelevation. This study clarifies the recommended values of low-carbon design indicators by assessing carbon emissions according to the current route design specification, outlines the principles of superelevation settings, and proposes a methodology to deal with the relationship between superelevation and the lateral friction coefficient. The research findings promote the quantification and standardization of low-carbon highway design, contributing to the early mitigation of high-carbon emissions from curved traffic during the design phase. Full article

The sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most essential oil crops in the world. Several component traits, including flowering time, plant height, stem diameter, seed weight, and kernel weight, determine sunflower seed and oil yield. Although the genetic mechanisms governing the variation of these yield-related traits have been studied using various approaches, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not been widely applied to sunflowers. In this study, a set of 342 sunflower accessions was evaluated in 2019 and 2020 using an incomplete randomized block design, and GWAS was conducted utilizing two complementary approaches: the mixed linear model (MLM) and the fixed and random model circulating probability unification (farmCPU) model by fitting 226,779 high-quality SNPs. As a result, GWAS identified a number of trait-associated SNPs. Those SNPs were located close to several genes that may serve as a basis for further molecular characterization and provide promising targets for sunflower yield improvement. Full article

Doping inorganic acid ions represents a promising pathway to improving the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂, and oxygen vacancy has been regarded as the determinant factor for photocatalytic activity. A series of samples doped with Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, and SO₄²⁻ was prepared via a simple sol–gel method. Two different oxygen vacancies in the crystal layer of NO₃⁻/TiO₂ and Cl⁻/TiO₂ were found, and those are [Ti³⁺]-V₀-[Ti³⁺] and [Ti³⁺]-Cl, respectively. The photocurrent of NO₃⁻/TiO₂ with [Ti³⁺]-V₀-[Ti³⁺] is significantly greater than that of Cl⁻/TiO₂ with [Ti³⁺]-Cl. The least oxygen vacancy is in the gel layer of SO₄²⁻/TiO₂, and the negligible photocurrent is due to difficulty in forming a stable sol. Furthermore, the process conditions for the application of TiO₂ were investigated in this work. The optimal process parameters are to adjust the solution to pH = 3 during sol–gel preparation, to adopt 550 °C as the calcination temperature, and to use an alkaline electrolyte, while the rest of the preparation conditions remain unchanged. This work reveals a new avenue for designing efficient photocatalysts for air pollutant degradation. Full article

To address the safety problems posed by the transportation of boar semen using LN, this study was conducted on the short-term storage of frozen boar semen in dry ice (−79 °C). Boar semen frozen in LN was transferred to dry ice, kept for 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, or 8 days, and then moved back to LN. The quality of frozen semen stored in LN or dry ice was determined to evaluate the feasibility of short-distance transportation with dry ice. The results showed that 60 °C for 8 s was the best condition for thawing frozen semen stored in dry ice. No significant differences in spermatozoa motility, plasma membrane integrity, or acrosome integrity were observed in semen after short-term storage in dry ice compared to LN (p > 0.05). There were no significant changes in antioxidant properties between storage groups either (p > 0.05). In conclusion, dry ice could be used as a cold source for the short-term transportation of frozen boar semen for at least 7 days, without affecting sperm motility, morphological integrity, or antioxidant indices. Full article

Tunnel–interchange connecting sections pose significant safety challenges on mountainous expressways due to their high incidence of accidents. Improving road safety necessitates a comprehensive understanding of driver behavior in such areas. This study explores the influences of road characteristics, signage information volume, and traffic conditions on drivers’ car-following and lane-changing behavior in tunnel–interchange diverging areas. Utilizing driving data from 25 subjects of 72 simulated road models, driving performance is assessed using the Friedman rank test and multivariate variance analysis. The results highlight the significant influence of both connection distance and signage information load on driving behavior. In tunnel–interchange scenarios, the reduction in velocity increased by 62.61%, and speed variability surged by 61.11%, indicating potential adverse effects on driving stability due to the environmental transitions. Decreased connection distances are associated with reduced lane-changing durations, larger steering angles, and increased failure rates. Furthermore, every two units of increase in signage information leads to a 13.16% rise in maximum deceleration and a 5% increase in time headway. Notably, the signage information volume shows a significant interaction with connection distance (F > 1.60, p < 0.045) for most car-following indicators. Hence, the study recommends a maximum connection distance of 700 m and signage information not exceeding nine units for optimal safety and stability. Full article