Brain Sciences | Interview with Asst. Prof. Dr. Francisco A. Nieto Escámez, the Committee Member of the 4th International Electronic Conference on Brain Sciences

1. Could you introduce your current research direction and provide an update on your progress?

Currently, my research focuses on two main areas: the use of Virtual Reality for neurorehabilitation in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and the design of residential spaces that promote mental health. Regarding neurorehabilitation, we have investigated the use of this technology as a tool to improve the mood of people with dementia, with promising results. For example, in a recent study, we found that Virtual Reality therapy sessions significantly improved mood and quality of life in people with dementia, with positive effects that persisted over time. Additionally, we are preparing research using virtual reality games that combine physical and cognitive activity to train cognitive functions in people with mild cognitive impairment, with the aim of slowing down or reducing the chances of developing dementia. Regarding our research on residential environment design, we are also using virtual scenarios and 360-degree videos to explore how residential environments can influence mental health and quality of life of residents. We focus on architectural design factors that can positively affect mental health, as well as the presence of green and blue elements that have been shown to have positive effects on psychological well-being. To date, we have developed prototypes of residential spaces that integrate these design elements and are in the process of evaluating their impact on the mental health and well-being of residents.

2. Have you encountered any challenges in your research? How did you overcome them? Could you share your experience?

During our research, we have faced several challenges that we have had to effectively address. One of the most significant challenges has been adapting Virtual Reality technologies to the specific characteristics of our target population, which includes older adults and those with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. We have often found that the limited number of applications designed specifically for this population makes it necessary to adapt and customize virtual experiences to ensure their accessibility and effectiveness. It is essential to design Virtual Reality experiences that are motivating for participants and promote engagement over time, especially considering that our intervention protocols typically last several weeks. To overcome this challenge, we have adopted a user-centered approach, working closely with occupational therapists, neuropsychologists, physiotherapists, and end-users to design interventions that are engaging, meaningful, and culturally sensitive. This has involved incorporating gamification elements, immersive narratives, and positive feedback into our Virtual Reality experiences, which has proven effective in maintaining motivation and participation over time.

Additionally, we have recognized the importance of having assessment tools adapted to the characteristics of heterogeneous samples, especially considering the cognitive and functional diversity of our target population. To address this challenge, we conducted a rigorous analysis of existing assessment tools and consensus on evaluation procedures among a multidisciplinary team of experts. This has allowed us to select the most suitable tools for our target population, ensuring the validity and reliability of our results.

3. Looking ahead, what do you believe will be the hot topics in the field of brain sciences research in the next few years? Can you please share the topics and the reason for it?

I believe that in the coming years, we will see an increase in research on the use of emerging technologies, such as Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence, in the field of neuroscience. These technologies offer new opportunities to understand and address a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Additionally, we anticipate a growing focus on neuroplasticity and the brain's ability to change and adapt over time. This will include research on non-pharmacological interventions, such as exercise, cognitive stimulation, and occupational therapy, that promote brain plasticity and improve outcomes in mental and cognitive health.

4. As a member of the committee of IECBS 2024, could you briefly describe what kind of meeting you are looking forward to?

As a member of the committee of IECBS 2024, I look forward to a gathering that brings together prominent researchers, academics, and professionals from various disciplines within the field of neuroscience. I am excited to participate in a conference that is held online, which allows for broader and more equitable access for researchers from around the world. Additionally, I am pleased to learn that IECBS 2024 is investing in young researchers and providing support to those with fewer resources. I hope that the conference serves as a platform for young researchers to present their work, connect with colleagues from around the world, and access resources and opportunities that promote their professional development.

5. With numerous conferences being organized each year, do you have any suggestions for making our conference more meaningful for scholars and students?

In a conference landscape as vast as this, I believe it's important for IECBS 2024 to stand out for its quality, relevance, and accessibility. The decision to organize the conference online and free of charge is a significant step towards making the event more accessible to researchers from different parts of the world, especially those with limited resources. To make the conference more meaningful for academics and students, it would be beneficial to include specific sessions aimed at supporting and promoting the participation of young researchers. This could include paper presentations, panel discussions with leaders in the field, and practical workshops addressing topics relevant to early career steps in academia. Additionally, considering the establishment of mentorship programs or scholarships that provide additional support to young researchers with fewer resources would be advantageous. Moreover, it's essential to connect basic and applied research during the conference, facilitating the exchange of knowledge and collaboration across different areas of the brain sciences field. It's also important to garner the attention of policymakers with decision-making capacity, so they can support men and women in science and rely on their expertise when seeking the welfare of society.

6. Could you share some of your past conference experiences? Did these conferences assist you in promoting your research results, expanding your network, finding potential collaborators, or advancing your career, etc.?

Of course, conferences have played a crucial role in my professional and academic development. They have been an unparalleled opportunity to interact in person with other researchers, receive feedback on my own work, and develop innovative ideas. The direct interaction and personal relationships established at conferences have been particularly enriching, as they allow for a deeper exchange of knowledge and experiences. Presenting my research findings at conferences has enabled me to promote the visibility of my work and establish significant connections with expert colleagues in my field. Additionally, conferences have been an invaluable platform to expand my professional network and establish contacts with other researchers and scholars who share similar interests. These connections have led to fruitful collaborations, joint research opportunities, and significant advancements in my academic career.

7. What are your thoughts on the current trends and developments of open access publishing?

While the movement towards open access publishing has numerous benefits, such as providing more equitable and widespread access to scientific knowledge, it also faces significant challenges, especially regarding business models. One of the main challenges is to find a sustainable model that covers the costs associated with the production and publication of open access articles without imposing excessive financial burdens on authors or institutions. This raises concern that open access publishing may favor researchers from institutions with greater resources, leaving behind those working in less privileged environments.

Furthermore, in line with the criteria used by evaluation agencies to assess research quality, which often emphasize the quantity of publications, some models of open access could lead to a decrease in research quality. Researchers may be incentivized to prioritize quantity over quality, potentially negatively impacting the credibility and reliability of scientific research overall. Therefore, it is crucial that open access publishing business models are designed to promote the development of high-quality research and foster the inclusion of researchers from all backgrounds, regardless of their financial resources.

For more information about the 4th International Electronic Conference on Brain Sciences, please visit the following website: https://sciforum.net/event/iecbs2024.