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Hydrological and Hydrochemical Systems Analysis of Freshwater Ecosystems
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Hydrological and Hydrochemical Systems Analysis of Freshwater Ecosystems

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 June 2023) | Viewed by 6084

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Andrey P. Fedotov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Interests: aquatic ecosystems; limnology; freshwater biology; paleolimnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The past 50 years are characterized by the intense impact of local and global anthropogenic factors on the ecosystem of freshwater environments irrespective of their scale. Moreover, the anthropogenic factor can overlap with the internal cycles of aquatic environments. It is anticipated that this Special Issue on “Hydrological and Hydrochemical Systems Analysis of Freshwater Ecosystems” will focus on current developments of various freshwater ecosystems experiencing landscape and climatic changes as well as increasing anthropogenic impact.

The focus of the Special Issue “Hydrological and Hydrochemical Systems Analysis of Freshwater Ecosystems” is to analyze modern changes in the hydrological and hydrochemical parameters of freshwater bodies (lakes, rivers, and reservoirs) under forced climatic changes and anthropogenic factors. It is assumed that the main topics of the issue will be hydrological and hydrochemical processes and their effect on the state of aquatic environments; current critical factors of natural and anthropogenic origin affecting the ecological state of aquatic environments; atmospheric aerosol, precipitation, and exchange processes in the atmosphere–water surface–biota system; cycles of organic matter and nutrients; approaches and methods for direct and remote control hydrological and hydrochemical monitoring of the aquatic environment; and water resources and their rational use.

Dr. Andrey P. Fedotov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lakes
  • river
  • reservoir
  • natural and anthropogenic factors
  • hydrological and hydrochemical process

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3698 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Current Trophic Status of the Southern Baikal Littoral Zone
by Valentina Domysheva, Svetlana Vorobyeva, Ludmila Golobokova, Olga Netsvetaeva, Natalia Onischuk, Maria Sakirko, Olga Khuriganova and Andrey Fedotov
Water 2023, 15(6), 1139; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061139 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1414
Abstract
Eutrophication is a major ecological problem and affects and endangers freshwater bodies, making assessment of the trophic status of water bodies crucial for their restoration and sustainable use. Lake Baikal is affected by a number of environmental stressors, including coastal eutrophication. Daily measurements [...] Read more.
Eutrophication is a major ecological problem and affects and endangers freshwater bodies, making assessment of the trophic status of water bodies crucial for their restoration and sustainable use. Lake Baikal is affected by a number of environmental stressors, including coastal eutrophication. Daily measurements of concentrations of nutrients, dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), weekly measurements of algae abundance and biomass in the open water season in June-December 2020, and measurements of concentrations of nutrients at 2–7-day intervals in June-October 2021 were made in the littoral of the South Baikal for the first time. It was shown that nitrate and phosphate concentrations decreased by July-August, their minimum content was maintained until September, concentrations began to increase in October and reached a maximum in December. The maximum abundance and biomass of algae and chlorophyll concentrations were only observed in early July. Storm situations increased the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and DO in water, the duration of their influence was not more than 2 days. A correlation matrix revealed significant positive correlations of NO3−-DO, phosphate (SPR)-NO3−, SRP-DO and biomass-Chl-a and strong negative correlations between water temperature (Tw)-DO, Tw-NO3−, Tw-total nitrogen (TN) and Tw-SRP. Based on SRP and NO3− concentrations and TN:TP ratios, it was concluded that algal development was limited to nitrogen and phosphorus in summer. The trophic status of the Southern Baikal littoral zone was assessed using classifications based on TN, TP, NO3−, SRP, Chl-a content and algal biomass, as well as the Carlson index (TSI) and probabilistic assessment. The results of assessments using different methods of trophic status determination showed that the Baikal littoral zone in the study area belongs to the oligotrophic type with minor elements of mesotrophy. According to the saprobity index, water purity of littoral waters varies within the oligosaprobic and β-mesosaprobic zones and corresponded to quality classes II and III (clean and moderate purity); the system demonstrates a high capacity for self-purification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrological and Hydrochemical Systems Analysis of Freshwater Ecosystems)
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16 pages, 1441 KiB  
Article
High-Performance Forecasting of Spring Flood in Mountain River Basins with Complex Landscape Structure
by Yuri B. Kirsta and Irina A. Troshkova
Water 2023, 15(6), 1080; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061080 - 11 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1186
Abstract
We propose the methodology of building the process-driven models for medium-term forecasting of spring floods (including catastrophic ones) in the mountainous areas, the hydrological analysis of which is usually much more complicated in contrast to plains. Our methodology is based on system analytical [...] Read more.
We propose the methodology of building the process-driven models for medium-term forecasting of spring floods (including catastrophic ones) in the mountainous areas, the hydrological analysis of which is usually much more complicated in contrast to plains. Our methodology is based on system analytical modeling of complex hydrological processes in 34 river basins of the Altai-Sayan mountain country. Consideration of 13 types of landscapes as autonomous hydrological subsystems influencing rivers’ runoff (1951–2020) allowed us to develop the universal predictive model for the most dangerous April monthly runoff (with ice motion), which is applicable to any river basin. The input factors of the model are the average monthly air temperature and monthly precipitation for the current autumn–winter period, as well as the data on the basin landscape structure and relief calculated by GIS tools. The established universal dependences of hydrological runoffs on meteorological factors are quite complex and formed under influence of solar radiation and physical–hydrological patterns of melting snow cover, moistening, freezing, and thawing of soils. The model shows the greatest sensitivity of April floods to the landscape composition of river basins (49% of common flood variance), then to autumn precipitation (9%), winter precipitation (3%), and finally, to winter air temperature (0.7%). When it is applied to individual river basins, the forecast quality is very good, with the Nesh–Sutcliffe coefficient NSE = 0.77. In terms of the accuracy of process-driven predictive hydrological models for the mountainous areas, the designed model demonstrates high-class performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrological and Hydrochemical Systems Analysis of Freshwater Ecosystems)
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26 pages, 4495 KiB  
Article
Contemporary Sedimentation in Lake Onego: Geochemical Features of Water, Suspended Matter, and Accumulation Rate
by Natalia A. Belkina, Natalia V. Kulik, Natalia A. Efremenko, Maxim S. Potakhin, Vyacheslav I. Kukharev, Aleksandr V. Ryabinkin, Roman E. Zdorovennov, Andrey P. Georgiev, Vera D. Strakhovenko, Ekaterina V. Gatalskaya, Irina Yu. Kravchenko, Anna V. Ludikova and Dmitry A. Subetto
Water 2023, 15(6), 1014; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061014 - 07 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1409
Abstract
The spatio-temporal variability of the modern sedimentation process in Lake Onego, the second largest lake in Europe, was evaluated. The chemical composition of the lake water was studied. Sedimentation takes place in the oxidation conditions of low TDS water of the calcium bicarbonate [...] Read more.
The spatio-temporal variability of the modern sedimentation process in Lake Onego, the second largest lake in Europe, was evaluated. The chemical composition of the lake water was studied. Sedimentation takes place in the oxidation conditions of low TDS water of the calcium bicarbonate type, where the ratio between terrigenous clastic material and lacustrine biochemical suspended matter in the material deposited to the bottom is close to one. We demonstrate that the sedimentation process in the lake is non-uniform. Sedimentation rates in different regions of the lake were estimated (0.1 to 2 kg per sq. m of bottom surface per year) through in situ surveys with sediment traps. Annual sediment input was estimated on the basis of the lake’s chemical balance. Analysis of the qualitative characteristics of the material deposited to the bottom shows its composition corresponds to the humus-Fe-Si type of sedimentation. The uniform texture and mineral composition and the similar multielement spectra of the sediments suggest that active water dynamics cause fine-grained suspended load to remain in the water column for prolonged time periods. Variations in the sediment chemical composition across the lake are due to natural causesand to unevenly distributed anthropogenic pressure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrological and Hydrochemical Systems Analysis of Freshwater Ecosystems)
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26 pages, 5425 KiB  
Article
Geochemical Features of River Runoff and Their Effect on the State of the Aquatic Environment of Lake Onego
by Natalia Kulik, Natalia Efremenko, Vera Strakhovenko, Natalia Belkina, Galina Borodulina, Ekaterina Gatalskaya, Viktor Malov and Igor Tokarev
Water 2023, 15(5), 964; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15050964 - 02 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1500
Abstract
This paper presents the results of seasonal observations of the geochemical composition of the waters of the large tributaries of Lake Onego. The mineralogy and geochemistry of the suspended matter and the isotopic composition (oxygen-18 and deuterium) of the river waters were studied [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of seasonal observations of the geochemical composition of the waters of the large tributaries of Lake Onego. The mineralogy and geochemistry of the suspended matter and the isotopic composition (oxygen-18 and deuterium) of the river waters were studied for the first time. The dependence of the chemical and isotopic compositions of the tributary water on the season and characteristics of the catchment area (swampiness and lacustrine) was revealed. It is shown that the river waters belong to the bicarbonate class of the calcium group and have low mineralization, high color and a similar composition to the main minerals of the suspended matter. It is determined that the difference between the multielement spectra of the water and suspended matter of the different rivers is closely related to the geological and geomorphological structures of river basins. It is established that the quantitative characteristics of the mineral and organic parts of the suspended matter, the ratios of the different minerals andthe size and patterning of the particles of detrital material in the tributaries differ. The change in the mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the suspended matter of each individual river over the year is insignificant. The influence of the river runoff on the formation of lake waters is manifested in the chemical composition of the lake waters. The quantitative ratios of the main ions, biogenic elements and microcomponents in lake water mainly correspond to their ratios in river waters. The mineral part of the dispersed sedimentary matter of the lake in its geochemical characteristics is close to the suspended matter of the river waters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrological and Hydrochemical Systems Analysis of Freshwater Ecosystems)
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