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Groundwater Environment Evolution and Early Risk-Warning

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrogeology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2026 | Viewed by 918

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
Interests: groundwater quality evolution; migration and transformation mechanism; ecological impacts of groundwater; groundwater-mediated soil carbon sink; climate change; anthropogenic activities

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
Interests: interaction between surface water and groundwater; contaminant transport and transformation; riverbank infiltration zone; organic matter–mineral–microbe interactions; PAHs

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Groundwater quantity, quality, and ecology are key components of a groundwater environment. The evolution of a groundwater environment results from the interaction and co-evolution of hydrological processes, groundwater quality, and the groundwater ecology. It involves multi-interface, variable, and process coupling, and is dually influenced by climate change and human activities. Deterioration of a groundwater environment can easily trigger a series of ecological and environmental crises. However, under changing conditions, the driving mechanisms of groundwater environment evolution, the coupling processes across multiple interfaces, and the trends in risk evolution remain incompletely understood.

This Special Issue focuses on how groundwater systems respond to climate change and human activities from microscopic to macroscopic scales. It aims to reveal the groundwater-driven soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling and salt transport processes, water quality and ecological effects of multi-interface processes, and transport and transformation processes of highly toxic pollutants such as organic compounds and heavy metals in complex media under changing environmental conditions by integrating field observations, molecular-scale analyses, and reactive transport modeling. It also welcomes research on the construction of technical frameworks for groundwater environmental risk assessment in specific regions, as well as quantitative risk evaluation.

Dr. Tiejun Song
Dr. Xiaofang Shen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • groundwater environment
  • global changes
  • interface processes
  • contaminants
  • nutrients
  • vegetation succession
  • soil substances
  • early risk warning
  • risk management

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 10160 KB  
Article
Hydrogeochemistry of Thermal Water from Lindian Geothermal Field, Songliao Basin, NE China: Implications for Water–Rock Interactions
by Yujuan Su, Fengtian Yang, Xuejun Zhou, Junling Dong, Ling Liu, Yongfa Ma, Minghua Chen and Chaoyu Zhang
Water 2026, 18(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18010090 - 30 Dec 2025
Viewed by 639
Abstract
To explore the hydrogeochemical characteristics and dominant water–rock interaction processes of thermal water in Lindian geothermal field (northern Songliao Basin, NE China), this study analyzed 16 thermal water samples (1900–3000 m depth) and 3 shallow groundwater samples using hydrochemical indices, water isotopes, and [...] Read more.
To explore the hydrogeochemical characteristics and dominant water–rock interaction processes of thermal water in Lindian geothermal field (northern Songliao Basin, NE China), this study analyzed 16 thermal water samples (1900–3000 m depth) and 3 shallow groundwater samples using hydrochemical indices, water isotopes, and statistical methods (Pearson Correlation and Principle Component Analysis). Results show that the thermal water originates from precipitation and exhibits an “oxygen shift” indicating a long-time water–rock interaction under low to medium reservoir temperature. The thermal water is alkaline with a high TDS and dominated by Na+, Cl, and HCO3, and its hydrochemical facies changes from HCO3·Cl–Na to Cl·HCO3–Na and Cl–Na along the groundwater flow path. Leaching of halite, silicates, and carbonates is the primary process controlling solute accumulation. The geothermal reservoir is in a relatively closed, strong reducing environment, and thermal water reached water–rock equilibrium with respect to Na-, K-, Ca-, and Mg-alumino silicates. Principle Component Analysis identifies three key controlling factors, including mineral leaching, organic matter degradation, and sulfate reduction/mineral precipitation. This study establishes a hydrogeochemical baseline for the initial exploitation stage, providing a scientific basis for predicting long-term water quality changes and formulating differentiated sustainable development strategies for the Lindian geothermal field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Groundwater Environment Evolution and Early Risk-Warning)
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