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Watershed Scale Environmental Changes and the Effects on Water Resources

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 2876

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC, USA
Interests: water quality; water quantity; contaminants; agriculture; climate change; land cover change; hydrology; modeling; environment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At the watershed level, water resources are used for various humans activities including agriculture, fishery, domestic supply, industry, recreation, transport, and energy. The multiplicity and magnitude of these anthropogenic water usages cause pressures on existing water resources which are affected qualitatively and quantitatively. Hence, a thorough understanding of environmental and climate change effects on water resources is needed to envision strategies that enhance water resource management and sustain natural ecosystems. This Special Issue of Water will assemble high-quality research, methodology, and review papers aiming to improve knowledge and practices in water quality and quantity management at the watershed scale. Watershed modeling research papers are welcomed, in addition to papers that address climate change, agriculture, land-cover changes, environmental changes, and livestock (grazing) in relation to water resources.  

Dr. Clement D. D. Sohoulande
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • water quality
  • water quantity
  • contaminants
  • agriculture
  • climate change
  • land cover change
  • hydrology
  • modeling
  • environment

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 3335 KB  
Article
Spatial Analysis to Retrieve SWAT Model Reservoir Parameters for Water Quality and Quantity Assessment
by Clement D. D. Sohoulande
Water 2025, 17(6), 834; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17060834 - 14 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 840
Abstract
Owing to their capacity to conserve water and regulate streamflow, small reservoirs are useful for agriculture, domestic water supply, energy production, industry, flood control, recreation, fisheries, and ecosystem conservation. The presence of these small reservoirs often affects the natural water pathways, but the [...] Read more.
Owing to their capacity to conserve water and regulate streamflow, small reservoirs are useful for agriculture, domestic water supply, energy production, industry, flood control, recreation, fisheries, and ecosystem conservation. The presence of these small reservoirs often affects the natural water pathways, but the use of a hydrological model such as the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) can help to better apprehend these effects at the watershed scale. Indeed, the SWAT model allows modelers to represent and operate reservoirs by inputting the related parameters while setting the model. However, these reservoir parameters are not automatically generated by the SWAT model algorithms. Subsequently, SWAT users are left alone and must sort out the adequate approach to separately obtain or determine the reservoir parameters. Traditionally, reservoir parameters such as the volumes and surface areas are obtained through in situ hydrographic surveys which are costly and labor demanding. To help SWAT modelers retrieve the input parameters needed for modeling small reservoirs, this paper explicitly presents a spatial analysis procedure using the case study of a small watershed reservoir. In this procedure, the digital elevation model of the watershed is transformed into a triangulated irregular network and turned into contour lines which are used to identify the reservoir surface and volume at the principal and emergency spillways. The retrieved parameters were successfully used to calibrate and validate SWAT simulations of the watershed hydrological behavior. The spatial analysis procedure reported here is a cost-effective alternative to traditional in situ hydrographic surveys and it is useful for addressing watersheds with small reservoirs. The procedure eases the inclusion of reservoirs in SWAT and reduces the risk of model overfitting. Furthermore, the procedure could be useful for developing reservoir elevation–capacity–area curves. Full article
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Review

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24 pages, 1410 KB  
Review
The Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on the Catchment’s Water Quality Parameters
by Simona Gavrilaș, Florina-Luciana Burescu, Bianca-Denisa Chereji and Florentina-Daniela Munteanu
Water 2025, 17(12), 1791; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17121791 - 15 Jun 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1711
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution of watersheds significantly threatens aquatic ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health. The present review examines the primary sources of contamination in river catchments, including industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and urban wastewater discharge. The presence of pollutants degrades water quality, disrupting aquatic habitats [...] Read more.
Anthropogenic pollution of watersheds significantly threatens aquatic ecosystems, biodiversity, and human health. The present review examines the primary sources of contamination in river catchments, including industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and urban wastewater discharge. The presence of pollutants degrades water quality, disrupting aquatic habitats and leading to adverse outcomes, including biodiversity loss, eutrophication, and declining fish populations. It also focuses on strategic mitigation approaches, including implementing stricter waste management regulations, adopting sustainable agricultural practices, improving wastewater treatment infrastructure, and public education initiatives. The article summarizes several biotechnological techniques developed to decrease the impact of farming activities on water quality. It also emphasises directions that could be followed concerning specific water chemical indicators, such as the residual quantity of heavy metals. Emphasis is placed on the need for integrated policy frameworks and cross-sector collaboration to safeguard freshwater systems and ensure long-term environmental sustainability. Full article
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