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Application of Isotope Geochemistry in Hydrological Research

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 February 2026 | Viewed by 490

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Croatian Geological Survey, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: groundwater monitoring; hydrochemical assessment; isotope hydrology; aquifer modelling; water supply quality; nitrate contamination; seasonal water dynamics; subsurface heterogeneity; recharge-discharge processes; groundwater-surface water interaction; geothermal resources
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Guest Editor
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: environmental geochemistry; stable and unstable isotopes; hydrogeochemistry; carbonate sedimentology; structure of the karst terrains; education and learning science

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, titled “Application of Isotope Geochemistry in Hydrological Research”, will present cutting-edge studies that demonstrate how isotopic methods advance understanding of hydrogeological and hydrological processes. Original research is sought on topics including the use of stable and radiogenic isotopes as tracers to determine water origin, recharge rates, flow paths, mixing processes, groundwater–surface water interactions, pollutant sources, etc. Submissions that integrate isotopic data with geochemical modeling and improve the quantification of water–rock interactions, solute transport, and groundwater residence times are particularly welcome. Case studies on aquifer dynamics, river/lake–groundwater relationships, climate-related shifts in water sources, and applications of advanced isotope-based tools for assessing contaminated or complex terrains are also encouraged. Contributions on conceptual and numerical models incorporating isotopic constraints to enhance water resource management are of interest. This Special Issue will highlight the essential role of isotope geochemistry in understanding hydrosystems across diverse climatic and geological settings. Researchers are invited to submit manuscripts that contribute to advancing this field.

Dr. Tamara Marković
Dr. Petra Žvab Rožič
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • hydrological and hydrogeological research
  • isotope geochemistry
  • satable and radiogenic isotopes conceptual models
  • hydrogeological assessment
  • water resource management

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 5456 KB  
Article
Gravity Flow System at Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq: Groundwater and Isotopic Geochemistry and Their Implications for Groundwater Protection
by Rebar Mahmmud, Ondra Sracek, Omed Mustafa, Howri Mansurbeg, Bohuslava Čejková and Ivana Jačková
Water 2025, 17(23), 3366; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17233366 - 25 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Groundwater recharge sources and residence times in the Sulaimani–Warmawa Sub-basin, located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, were assessed through an integrated hydrogeological, hydrochemical, and isotopic investigation. The study area, located around Sulaimani City, is characterized by a semi-arid climate with precipitation predominantly [...] Read more.
Groundwater recharge sources and residence times in the Sulaimani–Warmawa Sub-basin, located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, were assessed through an integrated hydrogeological, hydrochemical, and isotopic investigation. The study area, located around Sulaimani City, is characterized by a semi-arid climate with precipitation predominantly occurring during winter and early spring. Hydrochemical results indicate groundwater types ranging from Ca–HCO3 to Mg–Ca–HCO3, accompanied by a progressive increase in electrical conductivity along the regional flow path. Stable isotope signatures (δ2H and δ18O) show that groundwater is primarily recharged by winter precipitation derived from both Eastern Mediterranean and Persian Gulf air masses. Two groundwater groups were identified based on isotopic composition and tritium content: recently recharged groundwater and older groundwater, represented by two samples. Tritium values ranging from 0.8 to 4.9 TU correspond to minimum residence times from less than 10 years to approximately 40 years. Higher tritium concentrations near recharge zones reflect recent infiltration, whereas lower values indicate older groundwater with limited modern recharge. The piston flow model provided the best fit for tritium data, suggesting limited mixing and relatively rapid subsurface flow. Samples with higher salinity likely reflect reduced flushing in low-permeability zones, resulting in elevated dissolved solids. Hydraulic-data-based estimated groundwater flow velocities yielded lower values compared to tritium-based estimates, implying preferential flow in karstified formations. The relatively short groundwater residence times mean there is high vulnerability to contamination, emphasizing the need for careful land-use planning and groundwater protection strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Isotope Geochemistry in Hydrological Research)
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