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Hydrology, Water Resources Management and Protection of the Marine Environment-Selected Papers from the 16th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology (CEST2019)

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 29837

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Samos, Greece
Interests: water resources analysis and simulation; catchment hydrology; analysis and evaluation of hydrological systems; model identification and evaluation; development of tools for water quantity and quality management, time series analysis and extreme values estimation; droughts and climate change impacts assessment; integrated waste management; composting; circular economy; eco-effectiveness
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Guest Editor
Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechneiou Street, 15780 Athens, Greece
Interests: water resources management; water resources systems planning and operation; hydrometeorology; hydrological modeling; climate change and land use change at the catchment scale; flood forecasting; risk assessment and mapping analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will include selected papers that were presented in the 16th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology—CEST2019 (www.cest.gnest.org), which was held in Rhodes from 4 to 7 September 2019.

The main aim of this Special Issue is to present the latest trends in the fields of hydrology, hydrological forecasting and services, and water resousrce management, as well as to deal with topics regarding the protection of the marine environment. Subtopics to be covered are as follows:

  • Lakes, rivers, estuaries, and ecosystem health;
  • Wetlands protection and restoration;
  • Marine environment and coastal management;
  • Water management in arid communities/places;
  • Process understanding through innovative sensors and remote sensing;
  • Μodel hypothesis testing, diagnostics, and causality;
  • River systems in diverse climates and environments;
  • Estimation and prediction under past and future conditions (climate, population, land use change);
  • Prediction in ungauged basins and prediction under uncertainty;
  • Operational and impact-based forecasting, and data assimilation;
  • Floods, droughts, and water scarcity;
  • Water and climate services—challenges and user-tailored developments;
  • Water policy, management, and society;
  • Water, energy, and/or food nexus;
  • Hydrological education and cooperative experiments (exchange programs and virtual laboratories;
  • Environmental data analysis and modeling.

Dr. Demetris Francis Lekkas
Prof. Dr. Evangelos Baltas
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Water resources dynamics
  • Hydrological models
  • Water resources management tools
  • Hydrological forecasting
  • Marine environment
  • Coastal vulnerability
  • Marine pollution
  • wetland restoration
  • lakes and estuaries
  • Water scarcity
  • water energy and/or food nexus

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 20397 KiB  
Communication
On the Power of Microwave Communication Data to Monitor Rain for Agricultural Needs in Africa
by Noam David, Yanyan Liu, Kingsley K. Kumah, Joost C. B. Hoedjes, Bob Z. Su and H. Oliver Gao
Water 2021, 13(5), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13050730 - 8 Mar 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5828
Abstract
Over the last two decades, prevalent technologies and Internet of Things (IoT) systems have been found to have potential for carrying out environmental monitoring. The data generated from these infrastructures are readily available and have the potential to provide massive spatial coverage. The [...] Read more.
Over the last two decades, prevalent technologies and Internet of Things (IoT) systems have been found to have potential for carrying out environmental monitoring. The data generated from these infrastructures are readily available and have the potential to provide massive spatial coverage. The costs involved in using these data are minimal since the records are already generated for the original uses of these systems. Commercial microwave links, which provide the underlying framework for data transfer between cellular network base stations, are one example of such a system and have been found useful for monitoring rainfall. Wireless infrastructure of this kind is deployed widely by communication providers across Africa and can thus be used as a rainfall monitoring device to complement the sparse proprietary resources that currently exist or to substitute for them where alternatives do not exist. Here we focus this approach’s potential to acquire valuable information required for agricultural needs across Africa using Kenya as an example. Full article
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28 pages, 8959 KiB  
Article
Using 2D HEC-RAS Modeling and Embankment Dam Break Scenario for Assessing the Flood Control Capacity of a Multi-Reservoir System (NE Romania)
by Andrei Urzică, Alin Mihu-Pintilie, Cristian Constantin Stoleriu, Cătălin Ioan Cîmpianu, Elena Huţanu, Claudiu Ionuţ Pricop and Adrian Grozavu
Water 2021, 13(1), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13010057 - 30 Dec 2020
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 8201
Abstract
Using hydraulic modeling techniques (e.g., one-dimensional/two-dimensional (1D/2D) hydraulic modeling, dam break scenarios) for extracting the flood settings is an important aspect of any action plan for dam failure (APDF) and flood mitigation strategy. For example, the flood hydraulic models and dam break scenario [...] Read more.
Using hydraulic modeling techniques (e.g., one-dimensional/two-dimensional (1D/2D) hydraulic modeling, dam break scenarios) for extracting the flood settings is an important aspect of any action plan for dam failure (APDF) and flood mitigation strategy. For example, the flood hydraulic models and dam break scenario generated based on light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) and processed in the dedicated geographic information systems (GIS) and hydraulic modeling software (e.g., HEC-RAS—Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System, developed by USACE HEC, Davis, CA, USA) can improve the flood hazard maps in case of potentially embankment dam failure. In this study, we develop a small-scale conceptual approach using 2D HEC-RAS software according to the three embankment dam break scenarios, LiDAR data (0.5 m spatial resolution), and 2D hydraulic modeling for the Başeu multi-reservoir system which belongs to the Başeu River (NE Romania) including R1—Cal Alb reservoir, R2—Movileni reservoirs, R3—Tătărăşeni reservoirs, R4—Negreni reservoirs, and R5—Hăneşti reservoirs. In order to test the flood control capacity of the Bașeu multi-reservoir system, the Cal Alb (R1) dam break scenario (piping failure) was taken into account. Three 2D stream flow modeling configurations based on R1 inflow rate with a 1% (100 year), 0.5% (500 year), and 0.1% (1000 year) recurrence interval and the water volume which can be accumulated with that specific inflow rate (1% = 10.19 × 106 m3; 0.5% = 12.39 × 106 m3; 0.1% = 17.35 × 106 m3) were computed. The potential flood wave impact was achieved on the basis of different flood severity maps (e.g., flood extent, flood depth, flood velocity, flood hazard) generated for each recurrence interval scenario and highlighted within the built-up area of 27 settlements (S1–S27) located downstream of R1. The results showed that the multi-reservoir system of Bașeu River has an important role in flood mitigation and contributes to the APDF in the context of climate change and the intensification of hydrological hazard manifestation in northeastern Romania. Full article
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14 pages, 8125 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Wave Storm-Induced Flood Vulnerability in Rhodes Island, Greece
by Fragkiska-Karmela Gad, Maria Chatzinaki, Dimitris Vandarakis, Chara Kyriakidou and Vasilios Kapsimalis
Water 2020, 12(11), 2978; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12112978 - 23 Oct 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3163
Abstract
Coastal areas are threatened by extreme meteorological phenomena, such as wave storms. Therefore, the analysis of such events, such as providing information for their potential hazards assessment, is a key element in coastal management. In this study, a preliminary assessment of flood vulnerability [...] Read more.
Coastal areas are threatened by extreme meteorological phenomena, such as wave storms. Therefore, the analysis of such events, such as providing information for their potential hazards assessment, is a key element in coastal management. In this study, a preliminary assessment of flood vulnerability due to storms was performed in Rhodes Island, Greece. Firstly, storm events were defined in terms of significant wave height, peak period, and duration, and they were grouped by means of cluster analysis into five classes (from weak to extreme) reflecting the intensity of each event. Subsequently, flood hazard was assessed by using an empirical formula for wave run-up calculations on cross-shore profiles and storm surge data at the region. Finally, a Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) was used for assessing vulnerability according to a scale from very low to very high. The most intense storms were found to occur in the eastern, southeastern, and southern part of the island. More than 60% of storms were classified as weak, while extreme events were found to occur with a frequency of less than 2.5%. Regarding flood hazard and vulnerability, the maximum values of wave run-up were calculated in the southeastern region, but the most vulnerable part was found to be the northwestern region, as the FVI was assessed as very high for weak and extreme events. Full article
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20 pages, 8528 KiB  
Article
Investigating Decision Mechanisms of Statutory Stakeholders in Flood Risk Strategy Formation: A Computational Experiments Approach
by Ifigeneia Koutiva, Archontia Lykou, Chris Pantazis and Christos Makropoulos
Water 2020, 12(10), 2716; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102716 - 29 Sep 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3132
Abstract
Cities at risk of extreme hydro-meteorological events need to be prepared to decrease the extent of the impacts. However, sometimes, authorities only react to catastrophes failing to proactively prepare against extremes. This can be a result of both absent structural protection measures and [...] Read more.
Cities at risk of extreme hydro-meteorological events need to be prepared to decrease the extent of the impacts. However, sometimes, authorities only react to catastrophes failing to proactively prepare against extremes. This can be a result of both absent structural protection measures and problematic governance. While for the first, models exist that can simulate the effect, the effect of the latter is difficult to quantify. This work aims to explore the effects that typical authorities’ behaviour has on the decisions for preparing and protecting a city against floods. This behaviour includes how the different authorities decide, for example, on whether or not to cooperate with each other, build something, assign funding to something, etc. These decisions affect directly the preparedness against and the protection from flood events. For that matter, the institutional analysis framework was used to conceptualise the decision-making processes of authorities responsible for flood risk management. Based on this, an agent-based modelling tool has been created, enabling the exploration of the system’s behaviour under different scenarios. The tool is used as a case study of the responsible authorities for flood protection in the city of Rethymno on the island of Crete, Greece. The tool has a user-friendly interface enabling the end-users to explore the drivers of decision-making processes under different conditions. Full article
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21 pages, 15586 KiB  
Article
Using 1D HEC-RAS Modeling and LiDAR Data to Improve Flood Hazard Maps Accuracy: A Case Study from Jijia Floodplain (NE Romania)
by Elena Huţanu, Alin Mihu-Pintilie, Andrei Urzica, Larisa Elena Paveluc, Cristian Constantin Stoleriu and Adrian Grozavu
Water 2020, 12(6), 1624; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061624 - 6 Jun 2020
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 8216
Abstract
The ability to extract flood hazard settings in highly vulnerable areas like populated floodplains by using new computer algorithms and hydraulic modeling software is an important aspect of any flood mitigation efforts. In this framework, the 1D/2D hydraulic models, which were generated based [...] Read more.
The ability to extract flood hazard settings in highly vulnerable areas like populated floodplains by using new computer algorithms and hydraulic modeling software is an important aspect of any flood mitigation efforts. In this framework, the 1D/2D hydraulic models, which were generated based on a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) derivate Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and processed within Geographical Information Systems (GIS), can improve large-scale flood hazard maps accuracy. In this study, we developed the first flood vulnerability assessment for 1% (100-year) and 0.1% (1000-year) recurrence intervals within the Jijia floodplain (north-eastern Romania), based on 1D HEC-RAS hydraulic modeling and LiDAR derivate DEM with 0.5 m spatial resolution. The results were compared with official flood hazards maps developed for the same recurrence intervals by the hydrologists of National Administration “Romanian Waters” (NARW) based on MIKE SHE modeling software and a DEM with 2 m spatial resolutions. It was revealed that the 1D HEC-RAS provides a more realistic perspective about the possible flood threats within Jijia floodplain and improves the accuracy of the official flood hazard maps obtained according to Flood Directive 2007/60/EC. Full article
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