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Next-Generation Iceberg Behavior Modeling: Integrating Machine Learning, Computational Fluid Dynamics, and Environmental Dynamics

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Oceans and Coastal Zones".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 588

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
Interests: Arctic geohazards; iceberg–structure–seabed interaction; computational fluid dy-namics; machine learning; AI applications
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Icebergs play a critical role in oceanic and climate systems, posing both challenges and opportunities for marine navigation, offshore engineering, and environmental sustainability. Traditional iceberg modeling methods, while effective, often struggle to capture the complex interactions between icebergs, ocean currents, wind forces, and climate dynamics. The integration of machine learning (ML), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and environmental dynamics presents a cutting-edge approach to enhancing the accuracy, efficiency, and predictive capabilities of iceberg behavior models.

This Special Issue aims to gather interdisciplinary research that advances the state of the art in iceberg modeling. We welcome contributions that explore novel computational techniques, data-driven methodologies, and hybrid approaches to better understand iceberg drift, deterioration, and interactions with marine structures.

The topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Machine learning and AI-driven approaches for iceberg tracking and prediction;
  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of iceberg–ocean interactions;
  • Environmental and climatic influences on iceberg dynamics;
  • Remote sensing and data assimilation techniques for iceberg behavior analysis;
  • Hybrid modeling techniques combining ML, CFD, and empirical data;
  • Risk assessment and impact analysis for offshore operations and shipping;
  • Advances in numerical simulations for iceberg melting, breakage, and stability.

We invite researchers from diverse fields, including oceanography, climate science, computational modeling, and artificial intelligence, to contribute to this Special Issue. Submissions may include original research articles, review papers, and case studies that push the boundaries of iceberg modeling.

Dr. Hamed Azimi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • iceberg modeling
  • machine learning
  • computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
  • ocean–ice interactions
  • climate impact on icebergs
  • remote sensing
  • Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

26 pages, 2865 KB  
Article
Extra Tree Regression Algorithm for Simulation of Iceberg Draft and Subgouge Soil Characteristics
by Hamed Azimi and Hodjat Shiri
Water 2025, 17(16), 2425; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17162425 - 16 Aug 2025
Viewed by 458
Abstract
With the expansion of offshore and subsea infrastructure in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, concerns are rising, driven by climate change and global warming, over the risk of drifting icebergs colliding with these structures in cold waters. Traditional methods for estimating iceberg underwater height [...] Read more.
With the expansion of offshore and subsea infrastructure in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, concerns are rising, driven by climate change and global warming, over the risk of drifting icebergs colliding with these structures in cold waters. Traditional methods for estimating iceberg underwater height and assessing subgouge soil properties, such as costly and time-consuming underwater surveys or centrifuge tests, are still used, but the industry continues to seek faster and more cost-efficient solutions. In this study, the extra tree regression (ETR) algorithm was employed for the first time to simultaneously model iceberg drafts and subgouge soil properties in both sandy and clay seabeds. The ETR approach first predicted the iceberg draft, then simulated subgouge soil reaction forces and deformations. A total of 22 ETR models were developed, incorporating parameters relevant to both iceberg draft estimation and subgouge soil characterization. The best-performing ETR models, along with the most influential input variables, were identified through a combination of sensitivity, error, discrepancy, and uncertainty analyses. The ETR model predicted iceberg draft with a high level of accuracy (R = 0.920, RMSE = 1.081), while the superior model for vertical reaction force in sand achieved an RMSE of 43.95 with 70% of predictions within 16% error. The methodology demonstrated improved prediction capacity over traditional techniques and can serve early-stage iceberg risk management. Full article
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