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New Technologies for Soil and Groundwater Remediation
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New Technologies for Soil and Groundwater Remediation

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Soil and Water".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2024) | Viewed by 5701

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Canlan Jiang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: soil remediation; water treatment; advanced oxidation processes; soil colloid
Dr. Yuefei Ji

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: photochemistry; photocatalysis; photolysis; photosensitization; photophysics; ultraviolet irradiation; UV-activated peroxidant; spectroscopy; laser flash photolysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Currently, organic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydro-carbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), are gradually entering and accumulating  in the soil and groundwater with large-scale applications of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products (PPCPs). These organic pollutants are generally low-solubility and ecotoxic, which will directly or indirectly impact ecosystem and human health. Thus, how to treat these potentially harmful contaminants and explore the underlying mechanisms is a worldwide concern.

Chemical oxidation is an efficient approach  for rapidly degrading toxic and bio-refractory organic compounds, by which pollutants can be oxidized directly by oxidants, e.g., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), permanganate (MnO4−), ozone (O3), and persulfate (PS). However, the effect of pollutants removal through oxidants is limited due to their lower oxidation ability. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are capable of degrading most types of organic contaminants into harmless products through the production of reactive radicals (e.g., HO•, SO4•−, Cl•, etc.), and have gained great attention in in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO). Effective activation methods, such as transition metals, semiconductor metal oxide, and HE activation on H2O2 for HO• generation, as well as heat, UV light, and transition metals activation on PS for SO4•− production, are developing for organic-contaminated soil and groundwater remediation. However, our knowledge of the innovative activation methods, along with the mechanisms behind them, is still limited. Further research is required for proposing more cost-effective advanced oxidation techniques in soil and groundwater remediation.

This research topic aims to explore the dynamics and mechanisms underlying the advanced oxidation processes for removing organic contaminants in soil and groundwater. Studies on advanced oxidation treatment approaches including (but not limited to) persulfate, H2O2, and permanganate are welcome in the form of original research, reviews, mini reviews, meta-analyses, and perspectives.

Dr. Canlan Jiang
Dr. Yuefei Ji
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • soil remediation
  • organic pollutants
  • groundwater treatment
  • advanced oxidation processes

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 5171 KiB  
Article
Green Synthesis of Ag/ATP Catalysts Using Clove Extract for Formaldehyde Elimination
by Yuan Hu, Xin Chen, Liqi Miao, Jing Zhang, Ming Zhai, Dan Chen and Xiaozhi Wang
Water 2024, 16(15), 2108; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16152108 - 26 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1163
Abstract
Compared with other methods, the synthesis of metal nanoparticles by metal ion reduction using plant extracts as raw materials has the advantages of low cost, simple synthesis and environmental friendliness, and has garnered significant attention. To achieve this effect, in the form of [...] Read more.
Compared with other methods, the synthesis of metal nanoparticles by metal ion reduction using plant extracts as raw materials has the advantages of low cost, simple synthesis and environmental friendliness, and has garnered significant attention. To achieve this effect, in the form of green synthetic nano silver (AgNP), we mixed AgNO3 with attapulgite (ATP) and stirred it with clove plant extract at 80 °C. By changing the dosage of clove extract, a series of new samples were prepared by the same method. The shape and size of the synthesized silver nanoparticles on catalysts were visualized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations. The particle size of the optimally prepared nanoparticles ranges from 1 to 9 nm with spherical or roughly spherical forms. The inductively coupled plasma (ICP) results further demonstrated the reducing effect of clove extract on Ag. Increasing the amount of clove extract could promote the formation and loading of Ag on ATP. An outstanding catalytic performance of Ag/ATP under HCHO outperformed that synthesized without clove extract. With the addition of clove extract, the catalytic performance was enhanced by more than 40% compared to no addition. Among different nanoparticles, the catalytic oxidation activity of HCHO was best when the volume ratio of clove extract to Ag was 10:1. Therefore, the green synthesis of Ag/ATP catalysts using clove extracts can be considered an environmentally benign, superior approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies for Soil and Groundwater Remediation)
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16 pages, 2050 KiB  
Article
Novel Oxidation Strategies for the In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvents from Groundwater—A Bench-Scale Study
by Alicia Cano-López, Lidia Fernandez-Rojo, Leónidas Pérez-Estrada, Sònia Jou-Claus, Marta Batriu, Carme Bosch, Xavier Martínez-Lladó, Joana Baeta Trias, Ricard Mora Vilamaña, Mònica Escolà Casas and Víctor Matamoros
Water 2024, 16(9), 1241; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16091241 - 26 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2104
Abstract
Industrial chlorinated solvents continue to be among the most significant issues in groundwater (GW) pollution worldwide. This study assesses the effectiveness of eight novel oxidation treatments, including persulfate (PS), ferrous sulfate, sulfidated nano-zero valent iron (S-nZVI), and potassium ferrate, along with their combinations, [...] Read more.
Industrial chlorinated solvents continue to be among the most significant issues in groundwater (GW) pollution worldwide. This study assesses the effectiveness of eight novel oxidation treatments, including persulfate (PS), ferrous sulfate, sulfidated nano-zero valent iron (S-nZVI), and potassium ferrate, along with their combinations, for the potential in situ remediation of GW polluted with chlorinated solvents (1,2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene). Our bench-scale results reveal that the combined addition of PS and S-nZVI can effectively eliminate trichloroethylene (10 µg/L), achieving removal rates of up to 80% and 92% within 1 h, respectively, when using synthetic GW. In the case of real GW, this combination achieved removal rates of 69, 99, and 92% for cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene, respectively, within 24 h. Therefore, this proposed remediation solution resulted in a significant reduction in the environmental risk quotient, shifting it from a high-risk (1.1) to a low-risk (0.2) scenario. Furthermore, the absence of transformation products, such as vinyl chloride, suggests the suitability of employing this solution for the in situ remediation of GW polluted with chlorinated solvents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies for Soil and Groundwater Remediation)
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16 pages, 2261 KiB  
Article
Abatement of Nitrophenol in Aqueous Solution by HOCl and UV/HOCl Processes: Kinetics, Mechanisms, and Formation of Chlorinated Nitrogenous Byproducts
by Xiaoci Li, Yan Cai, Junhe Lu, Jean-Marc Chovelon, Jing Chen, Canlan Jiang and Yuefei Ji
Water 2023, 15(23), 4038; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15234038 - 21 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1905
Abstract
HOCl and UV activated HOCl (UV/HOCl) have been applied for water disinfection and abatement of organic contaminants. However, the production of toxic byproducts in the HOCl and UV/HOCl treatment should be scrutinized. This contribution comparatively investigated the elimination of 4-nitrophenol and the generation [...] Read more.
HOCl and UV activated HOCl (UV/HOCl) have been applied for water disinfection and abatement of organic contaminants. However, the production of toxic byproducts in the HOCl and UV/HOCl treatment should be scrutinized. This contribution comparatively investigated the elimination of 4-nitrophenol and the generation of chlorinated byproducts in HOCl and UV/HOCl treatment processes. 61.4% of 4-nitrophenol was removed by UV/HOCl in 5 min with HOCl dose of 60 μM, significantly higher than that by UV (3.3%) or HOCl alone (32.0%). Radical quenching test showed that HO• and Cl• played important roles in UV/HOCl process. 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenol and 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol were generated consecutively in HOCl process; but their formation was less in the UV/HOCl process. Trichloronitromethane (TCNM) was only found in the UV/HOCl process, and its production increased with increasing HOCl dosage. Besides chlorinated products hydroxylated and dinitrated products were also identified in the UV/HOCl process. Transformation pathways involving electrophilic substitution, hydroxylation, and nitration were proposed for 4-nitrophenol transformation in the UV/HOCl process. Wastewater matrix could significantly promote the transformation of 4-nitrophenol to 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol in UV/HOCl process. Results of this study are helpful to advance the understanding of the transformation of nitrophenolic compounds and assess the formation potential of chlorinated byproducts in HOCl and UV/HOCl disinfection processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Technologies for Soil and Groundwater Remediation)
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