Evolutionary Challenges of RNA Viruses: Insights from SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Emerging Respiratory Diseases

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "General Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 743

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Master of Pharmaceutical Science Program, College of Graduate Studies, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA
Interests: viral hepatitis; DAA; liver cancer; novel therapies; lipid metabolism; emerging infections
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rapid evolutionary changes in RNA viruses are central to the emergence, spread, and control of respiratory diseases. This evolutionary adaptability poses a continuous challenge to public health efforts as it requires constant surveillance, updates to vaccines, and readiness to manage new outbreaks or variants that may arise. In addition, evolutionary changes in RNA viruses can cause the re-emergence of previously controlled viral outbreaks, particularly when mutations result in more virulent or transmissible forms. For instance, the evolution of avian influenza strains, like H5N1 and H7N9, has led to periodic outbreaks, raising concerns about their potential to cause future pandemics. Moreover, prolonged infections in immunocompromised COVID-19 patients have been linked to the emergence of certain mutations seen in SARS-CoV2 variants of concern. Thus, understanding and monitoring the evolutionary dynamics of RNA viruses are crucial to mitigating future viral-induced respiratory pandemics.

Dr. Ahmed El-Shamy
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • RNA viruses
  • evolution
  • influenza
  • SARS-CoV2
  • COVID-19
  • respiratory diseases

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

16 pages, 604 KiB  
Review
An Update on RNA Virus Discovery: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
by Humberto Debat and Nicolas Bejerman
Viruses 2025, 17(7), 983; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17070983 - 15 Jul 2025
Viewed by 332
Abstract
The relentless emergence of RNA viruses poses a perpetual threat to global public health, necessitating continuous efforts in surveillance, discovery, and understanding of these pathogens. This review provides a comprehensive update on recent advancements in RNA virus discovery, highlighting breakthroughs in technology and [...] Read more.
The relentless emergence of RNA viruses poses a perpetual threat to global public health, necessitating continuous efforts in surveillance, discovery, and understanding of these pathogens. This review provides a comprehensive update on recent advancements in RNA virus discovery, highlighting breakthroughs in technology and methodologies that have significantly enhanced our ability to identify novel viruses across diverse host organisms. We explore the expanding landscape of viral diversity, emphasizing the discovery of previously unknown viral families and the role of zoonotic transmissions in shaping the viral ecosystem. Additionally, we discuss the potential implications of RNA virus discovery on disease emergence and pandemic preparedness. Despite remarkable progress, current challenges in sample collection, data interpretation, and the characterization of newly identified viruses persist. Our ability to anticipate and respond to emerging respiratory threats relies on virus discovery as a cornerstone for understanding RNA virus evolution. We address these challenges and propose future directions for research, emphasizing the integration of multi-omic approaches, advanced computational tools, and international collaboration to overcome barriers in the field. This comprehensive overview aims to guide researchers, policymakers, and public health professionals in navigating the intricate landscape of RNA virus discovery, fostering a proactive and collaborative approach to anticipate and mitigate emerging viral threats. Full article
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