HIV and Viral Hepatitis Co-Infection

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 685

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: infectious diseases; clinical virology; HIV infection; HIV persistence; immune responses to viral infections
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: HIV infection and pathogenesis; HIV-1–host interaction; HCV/HIV co-infection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Co-infections with hepatitis viruses A to E and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) present significant public health challenges worldwide and contribute to a significant amount of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). The management of these co-infections normally includes the use of multiple antiviral and antiretroviral drugs which may interact, limiting therapeutic efficacy or increasing toxicities. Hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis E (HEV) viruses are oro-fecal transmissible diseases and mostly produce acute self-limited episodes, but the changing demographic outbreaks among vulnerable populations have contributed to substantial increases in the reported cases of these co-infections in PLWH. Furthermore, the immunosuppression derived from HIV infection can modify the immune response to HAV and HEV infections, causing acute liver dysfunction or development into a chronic infection. Chronic hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) are frequent in PLWH as these viruses share a similar transmission route. HBV vaccination results in protective seroconversion, but it may remain suboptimal in PLWH; therefore, new strategies warrant further consideration. Progression to liver cirrhosis, increased hepatic decompensation, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma are mostly related to HCV. Although direct acting antivirals can now achieve sustained virological response in nearly almost co-infected individuals, further evidence is needed on the subsequent resolution of liver inflammation and systemic immune activation, as well as the latent HIV reservoir in PLWH.

For this Special Issue, research articles, review articles, as well as short communications are welcome to be submitted to provide novel insights into the evolving epidemiology, clinical aspects, and new preventive and therapeutic approaches of HIV and viral hepatitis co-infections for the better management and care of PLWH.

Dr. Sonia Moretti
Dr. Ivan Schietroma
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • HIV
  • hepatitis A
  • hepatitis B
  • hepatitis C
  • hepatitis delta
  • hepatitis E
  • co-infection
  • antiviral therapy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

10 pages, 529 KiB  
Article
Worsening of Controlled Attenuation Parameter and Metabolic Profile After HCV Cure in People with HIV as a Sign of Steatosis
by Alessia Siribelli, Sara Diotallevi, Laura Galli, Camilla Muccini, Giulia Morsica, Riccardo Lolatto, Tommaso Clemente, Emanuela Messina, Costanza Bertoni, Caterina Uberti-Foppa, Antonella Castagna and Hamid Hasson
Viruses 2025, 17(7), 906; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17070906 - 26 Jun 2025
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Abstract
In HCV-coinfected people with HIV (PWH), there are still conflicting data regarding the long-term metabolic impact of HCV eradication. The aim of the study is to investigate long-term changes in controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and metabolic profile after sustained virological response (SVR) post-direct [...] Read more.
In HCV-coinfected people with HIV (PWH), there are still conflicting data regarding the long-term metabolic impact of HCV eradication. The aim of the study is to investigate long-term changes in controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and metabolic profile after sustained virological response (SVR) post-direct acting antivirals (DAAs) in PWH. This is a retrospective observational study including individuals with HIV/HCV coinfection, followed as outpatients at San Raffaele Hospital, who achieved SVR post-DAAs. Individuals were assessed for metabolic parameters before and after the start of DAAs. Univariate and multivariate mixed linear models were calculated to estimate crude mean changes in CAP, metabolic parameters, and weight; slopes were reported with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Overall, during a median follow-up of 4.02 years (interquartile range, IQR 3.04–4.80), the mean percent increase in CAP was 2.86/year (p < 0. 0001), and the mean decrease in stiffness was –4.28 (p = 0.003). Additionally, total cholesterol (p < 0.0001), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p = 0.001), triglycerides (p < 0.0001), glucose (p < 0.0001), and Body Mass Index (BMI) (p < 0.0001) increased over time. A long-term follow-up in PWH with SVR post-DAAs showed an overall significant increase in CAP and worsening of the metabolic profile, suggesting a higher risk of developing liver steatosis and metabolic alterations over time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV and Viral Hepatitis Co-Infection)
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