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Special Issue "Advances in Veterinary Virology: Volume II"

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A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 3524

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jacqueline M. Nolting

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Guest Editor

Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Interests: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; coronavirus; transmissible gastroenteritis virus; influenza a virus
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As we’ve seen with the most recent pandemics, viruses originating from animals can have significant, devastating impacts on both animal and human health. To prevent future catastrophic pandemics, it is imperative advances be made in viral surveillance, diagnostics, and treatments in animal populations. This special issue is devoted to advances that are being made in veterinary virology to improve animal and public health.

Dr. Jacqueline M. Nolting
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

virus
veterinary medicine
technology
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
coronavirus
transmissible gastroenteritis virus
influenza a virus

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Evidence of a Protein-Coding Gene Antisense to the U_L5 Gene in Bovine Herpesvirus I

Victoria A. Jefferson

Hannah Bostick

Darby Oldenburg

and

Florencia Meyer

Viruses 2023, 15(10), 1977; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15101977 - 22 Sep 2023

Viewed by 692

Abstract

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is an important agricultural pathogen that infects cattle and other ruminants worldwide. Though it was first sequenced and annotated over twenty years ago, the Cooper strain, used in this study, was sequenced as recently as 2012 and is currently said to encode 72 unique proteins. However, tandem mass spectrometry has identified several peptides produced during active infection that align with the BoHV-1 genome in unannotated regions. One of these abundant peptides, “ORF M”, aligned antisense to the DNA helicase/primase protein U_L5. This study characterizes the novel transcript and its protein product and provides evidence to support the existence of homolog protein-coding genes in other Herpesviruses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Veterinary Virology: Volume II)

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Open AccessArticle

Rapid Construction of an Infectious Clone of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 Isolate

and

Viruses 2023, 15(8), 1657; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15081657 - 29 Jul 2023

Viewed by 747

Abstract

Adenovirus vectors possess a good safety profile, an extensive genome, a range of host cells, high viral yield, and the ability to elicit broad humoral and cellular immune responses. Adenovirus vectors are widely used in infectious disease research for future vaccine development and gene therapy. In this study, we obtained a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) isolate from sick chickens with hepatitis–hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) and conducted animal regression text to clarify biological pathology. We amplified the transfer vector and extracted viral genomic DNA from infected LMH cells, then recombined the mixtures via the Gibson assembly method in vitro and electroporated them into EZ10 competent cells to construct the FAdV-4 infectious clone. The infectious clones were successfully rescued in LMH cells within 15 days of transfection. The typical cytopathic effect (CPE) and propagation titer of FAdV-4 infectious clones were also similar to those for wild-type FAdV-4. To further construct the single-cycle adenovirus (SC-Ad) vector, we constructed SC-Ad vectors by deleting the gene for IIIa capsid cement protein. The FAdV4 infectious clone vector was introduced into the ccdB cm expression cassette to replace the IIIa gene using a λ-red homologous recombination technique, and then the ccdB cm expression cassette was excised by PmeI digestion and self-ligation to obtain the resulting plasmids as SC-Ad vectors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Veterinary Virology: Volume II)

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Open AccessArticle

Inhibition of Marek’s Disease Virus Replication and Spread by 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol In Vitro

Nitin Kamble

Vishwanatha R. A. P. Reddy

Ben Jackson

Faisal R. Anjum

Chidiebere C. Ubachukwu

Ajit Patil

and

Shahriar Behboudi

Viruses 2023, 15(8), 1652; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15081652 - 29 Jul 2023

Viewed by 631

Abstract

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) causes a deadly lymphoproliferative disease in chickens, resulting in huge economic losses in the poultry industry. It has been suggested that MDV suppresses the induction of type I interferons and thus escapes immune control. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H), a gene that encodes an enzyme that catalyses cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), is an interferon-stimulating gene (ISG) known to exert antiviral activities. Other oxysterols, such as 27-hydroxycholesterols (27-HC), have also been shown to exert antiviral activities, and 27-HC is synthesised by the catalysis of cholesterol via the cytochrome P450 enzyme oxidase sterol 27-hydroxylase A1 (CYP27A1). At 24 h post infection (hpi), MDV stimulated a type I interferon (IFN-α) response, which was significantly reduced at 48 and 72 hpi, as detected using the luciferase assay for chicken type I IFNs. Then, using RT-PCR, we demonstrated that chicken type I IFN (IFN-α) upregulates chicken CH25H and CYP27A1 genes in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. In parallel, our results demonstrate a moderate and transient upregulation of CH25H at 48 hpi and CYP27A1 at 72hpi in MDV-infected CEF cells. A significant reduction in MDV titer and plaque sizes was observed in CEFs treated with 25-HC or 27-HC in vitro, as demonstrated using a standard plaque assay for MDV. Taken together, our results suggest that 25-HC and 27-HC may be useful antiviral agents to control MDV replication and spread. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Veterinary Virology: Volume II)

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Open AccessArticle

BAK-Mediated Pyroptosis Promotes Japanese Encephalitis Virus Proliferation in Porcine Kidney 15 Cells

and

Viruses 2023, 15(4), 974; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15040974 - 15 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1104

Abstract

As a zoonotic virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) poses a serious threat to human health and the breeding industry. Regarding the mechanism and complications of tissue inflammation caused by JEV, such as encephalitis and orchitis, there is no effective drug treatment currently, and the mechanism of occurrence has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanism of the inflammatory pathway caused by JEV. As one of the key proteins regulating cell death, BCL2 antagonist/killer (BAK) is also a necessary prerequisite for the release of cellular inflammatory factors. We found that after JEV infection, BAK-knockdown cells died less than normal cells, and the transcription levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF, IFNα, and IL-1β and their corresponding regulatory genes were also significantly reduced. By further verifying protein expression on the cell death pathway, it was found that pyroptotic activation and virus titer were also significantly reduced in BAK.KD cells, suggesting that JEV proliferation might be related to BAK-induced cell death. From our data, we could conclude that JEV utilized the BAK-promoted pyroptotic pathway to release more virions after the final Gasdermin D-N (GSDMD-N) protein pore formation for the purpose of JEV proliferation. Therefore, the study of the endogenous cell death activator protein BAK and the final release pathway of JEV, is expected to provide some new theoretical basis for future research on the screening of targeted drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases caused by JEV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Veterinary Virology: Volume II)

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