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Viruses
Special Issues
Cutaneous Reactions Following Virus Infections and Antiviral Vaccines
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Cutaneous Reactions Following Virus Infections and Antiviral Vaccines

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "General Virology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (13 March 2025) | Viewed by 6534

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fabrizio Martora

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Guest Editor
Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
Interests: hidradenitis suppurativa; psoriasis; atopic dermatitis; new treatment; skin inflammatory disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Angelo Ruggiero

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Guest Editor
Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
Interests: COVID-19; COVID-vaccine; hidradenitis suppurativa; psoriasis; atopic dermatitis; lichen planus; skin inflammatory disorders
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represented a new worldwide challenge, strongly impacting the global economy, overall health and lifestyle. Since then, several strategies have been adopted to contain the widespread of infection. Among these, vaccination is currently the most important measure to fight against the pandemic. However, several concerns such as slower-than-hoped-for rollout, the hurried approval with limited data, the mechanism of action (in particular mRNA-based), and the uncertain duration of protection they afforded were initially raised. Moreover, even if cutaneous reactions have been rarely reported in clinical trials, global mass vaccination showed several dermatologic reactions that were not initially recognized, leaving dermatologists to decide how to diagnose and treat them. Dermatologists should be ready to promptly recognize these clinical manifestations. The aim of this Special Issue is to help clinicians to better understand these dermatological conditions and to provide an extensive overview of all vaccine-related skin manifestations.

Dr. Fabrizio Martora
Dr. Angelo Ruggiero
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • COVID-19 vaccine
  • hidradenitis suppurativa
  • psoriasis
  • atopic dermatitis
  • lichen planus
  • skin inflammatory disorders

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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5 pages, 1280 KiB  
Article
Generalized Eruptive Keratoacanthoma (GEKA) after Pfizer mRNABNT162b2 (Comirnaty®) COVID-19 Vaccination Successfully Treated with Cemiplimab
by Proietti Ilaria, Skroza Nevena, Tolino Ersilia, Trovato Federica, Forte Felice, Dybala Agnieszka Ewa, Fiorentino Francesco and Potenza Concetta
Viruses 2024, 16(8), 1260; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081260 - 6 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1513
Abstract
In December 2020, a major vaccination program against COVID-19 commenced in Europe with vaccines such as Pfizer’s mRNABNT162b2 (Comirnaty®). Subsequent reports of immediate and delayed skin reactions emerged. This study presents a case of a 64-year-old male who developed multiple keratoacanthomas [...] Read more.
In December 2020, a major vaccination program against COVID-19 commenced in Europe with vaccines such as Pfizer’s mRNABNT162b2 (Comirnaty®). Subsequent reports of immediate and delayed skin reactions emerged. This study presents a case of a 64-year-old male who developed multiple keratoacanthomas approximately two weeks after receiving a second booster dose of the Pfizer vaccine. The patient, who had significant medical history of hypertension and diabetes, presented with erythematous, crateriform lesions on his limbs. A physical examination and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of Generalized Eruptive Keratoacanthoma (GEKA). Treatment involved cemiplimab I.v. 350 mg administered every three weeks. Within two months, the patient showed significant improvement, with the disappearance of all lesions. Dermoscopy and histopathological exams supported the GEKA diagnosis, which is a rare variant of multiple keratoacanthomas. This case suggests a potential immune-mediated mechanism triggered by the COVID-19 vaccine, leading to the rapid development of keratoacanthomas. Treatment with cemiplimab showed promise, highlighting the potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors in managing multiple keratoacanthomas. Further research is needed to explore the efficacy and safety of such treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutaneous Reactions Following Virus Infections and Antiviral Vaccines)
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Review

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14 pages, 441 KiB  
Review
Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review
by Fabrizio Martora, Teresa Battista, Luca Potestio, Maddalena Napolitano, Cataldo Patruno, Matteo Megna and Michela D’Agostino
Viruses 2024, 16(12), 1896; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16121896 - 9 Dec 2024
Viewed by 2331
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged the rapid development and licensing of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, numerous vaccines are available on a global scale and are based on different mechanisms of action, including mRNA technology, viral vectors, inactive viruses, and subunit particles. Mass vaccination [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged the rapid development and licensing of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, numerous vaccines are available on a global scale and are based on different mechanisms of action, including mRNA technology, viral vectors, inactive viruses, and subunit particles. Mass vaccination conducted worldwide has highlighted the potential development of side effects, including ones with skin involvement. This review synthesizes data from 62 manuscripts, reporting a total of 142 cases of autoimmune blistering skin diseases (AIBDs) following COVID-19 vaccination, comprising 59 cases of pemphigus and 83 cases of bullous pemphigoid. Among the 83 bullous pemphigoid cases, 78 were BP, with additional cases including 2 oral mucous membrane pemphigoid, 1 pemphigoid gestationis, 1 anti-p200 BP, and 1 dyshidrosiform BP. The mean age of affected individuals was 72 ± 12.7 years, with an average symptom onset of 11 ± 10.8 days post-vaccination. Notably, 59% of cases followed vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), 51.8% were new diagnoses, and 45.8% occurred after the second dose. The purpose of our review is to analyze the cases of pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid associated with COVID-19 vaccination and to investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the new development or flare-up of these diseases in association with vaccination. Our results show that the association between COVID-19 vaccines and AIBDs is a possible event. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutaneous Reactions Following Virus Infections and Antiviral Vaccines)
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Other

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8 pages, 220 KiB  
Brief Report
Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Mpox in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Retrospective Study in Lisbon
by Diogo de Sousa, Yuliya Volovetska, Daniel Nunes, Carlos Lemos, João Borges-Costa and Paulo Filipe
Viruses 2024, 16(2), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16020225 - 31 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1993
Abstract
The resurgence of Mpox, predominantly among men who have sex with men (MSM), has prompted an analysis of its clinical manifestations and epidemiological patterns, particularly in individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This retrospective study aims to delineate and compare the clinical [...] Read more.
The resurgence of Mpox, predominantly among men who have sex with men (MSM), has prompted an analysis of its clinical manifestations and epidemiological patterns, particularly in individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This retrospective study aims to delineate and compare the clinical presentations and epidemiological characteristics of Mpox among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals. A total of 58 confirmed Mpox cases from a dermatology department in Lisbon were analyzed, focusing on mucocutaneous manifestations, systemic symptoms, and laboratory parameters. Our findings indicate no significant difference in disease severity and presentation between HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups, suggesting that HIV status may not be a determinant of Mpox severity, but rather an indicator of increased sexual risk behaviors, a recognized risk factor for Mpox transmission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cutaneous Reactions Following Virus Infections and Antiviral Vaccines)
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