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Vibration
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Vibrations in Sports
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Vibrations in Sports

A special issue of Vibration (ISSN 2571-631X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 August 2024) | Viewed by 8997

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Delphine Chadefaux

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Département STAPS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, F-93000 Bobigny, France
Interests: biomechanics; vibrations; sport sciences; musical acoustics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue gathers high-quality papers in the Whole-Body Vibration and Sports research field. Contributions from various scientific backgrounds within the journal’s scope are welcome. We encourage the submission of original research article and literature review to promote the latest developments and knowledge regarding vibration exposure during sport performances.

Contributions include but are not limited to: in the field and in the laboratory evaluation and modeling of whole-body vibration during sport performances, assessment of the biomechanical and physiological impact of vibration on the athletes’ body, influence of such exposure on the achieved performance, new experimental methodologies to accurately evaluate whole-body vibration, experimental and theoretical description of the dynamic behavior of sport equipments, evaluation and modeling of the interactions between the athlete and the equipment/environment.

Dr. Delphine Chadefaux
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Vibration is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vibration evaluation
  • instrumentation
  • vibration modeling
  • dynamic behavior of sport equipments
  • sport performance
  • biomechanics
  • physiology

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 871 KiB  
Article
Stirred Not Shaken: A Longitudinal Pilot Study of Head Kinematics and Cognitive Changes in Horseracing
by Emma Edwards, Bert Bond, Timothy P. Holsgrove, Jerry Hill, Ryan Baker and Genevieve K. R. Williams
Vibration 2024, 7(4), 1171-1189; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration7040060 - 27 Nov 2024
Viewed by 591
Abstract
The purpose of this longitudinal pilot study was to add to the body of research relating to head kinematics/vibration in sport and their potential to cause short-term alterations in brain function. In horseracing, due to the horse’s movement, repeated low-level accelerations are transmitted [...] Read more.
The purpose of this longitudinal pilot study was to add to the body of research relating to head kinematics/vibration in sport and their potential to cause short-term alterations in brain function. In horseracing, due to the horse’s movement, repeated low-level accelerations are transmitted to the jockey’s head. To measure this, professional jockeys (2 male, 2 female) wore an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to record their head kinematics while riding out. In addition, a short battery of tests (Stroop, Trail Making Test B, choice reaction time, manual dexterity, and visual function) was completed immediately before and after riding. Pre- and post-outcome measures from the cognitive test battery were compared using descriptive statistics. The average head kinematics measured across all jockeys and days were at a low level: resultant linear acceleration peak = 5.82 ± 1.08 g, mean = 1.02 ± 0.01 g; resultant rotational velocity peak = 10.37 ± 3.23 rad/s, mean = 0.85 ± 0.15 rad/s; and resultant rotational acceleration peak = 1495 ± 532.75 rad/s2, mean = 86.58 ± 15.54 rad/s2. The duration of an acceleration event was on average 127.04 ± 17.22 ms for linear accelerations and 89.42 ± 19.74 ms for rotational accelerations. This was longer than those noted in many impact and non-impact sports. Jockeys experienced high counts of linear and rotational head accelerations above 3 g and 400 rad/s2, which are considered normal daily living levels (average 300 linear and 445 rotational accelerations per hour of riding). No measurable decline in executive function or dexterity was found after riding; however, a deterioration in visual function (near point convergence and accommodation) was seen. This work lays the foundation for future large-scale research to monitor the head kinematics of riders, measure the effects and understand variables that might influence them. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibrations in Sports)
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13 pages, 7741 KiB  
Article
Finite Element Analysis versus Empirical Modal Analysis of a Basketball Rim and Backboard
by Daniel Winarski, Kip P. Nygren and Tyson Winarski
Vibration 2024, 7(2), 582-594; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration7020030 - 7 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1019
Abstract
The first goal of this research was to document the process of using the MODAL analysis system of the ANSYS 2024R1 student edition to create a finite element model of the modes and frequencies of vibration of one basketball rim and backboard design. [...] Read more.
The first goal of this research was to document the process of using the MODAL analysis system of the ANSYS 2024R1 student edition to create a finite element model of the modes and frequencies of vibration of one basketball rim and backboard design. This finite element model included the use of steel for the rim and its mount, a tempered glass backboard, and an aluminum frame behind the backboard. After a mesh was created, fixed support boundary conditions were applied to the four corners of the aluminum frame, followed by the theoretical modal analysis. The second goal was to validate this model by comparing the finite element calculated mode shapes and frequencies to the empirical modal analysis previously measured at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. Five mode shapes and frequencies agreed rather well between the theoretical finite element analysis and previously published empirical modal analysis, specifically where the rim was vibrating in the vertical direction, which was the direction that the accelerometer was aligned for the empirical modal analysis. These five modes were addressed from a finite element model validation standpoint by a 99.5% confidence in a 98.09% cross-correlation with empirical modal analysis data, and from a verification standpoint by employing a refined-mesh. However, three theoretical mode shapes missed by the empirical modal analysis were found where the vibration of the rim was confined to the horizontal plane, which was orthogonal to the orientation of our accelerometer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibrations in Sports)
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17 pages, 8900 KiB  
Article
Modes of Vibration in Basketball Rims and Backboards and the Energy Rebound Testing Device
by Daniel Winarski, Kip P. Nygren and Tyson Winarski
Vibration 2023, 6(4), 726-742; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6040045 - 22 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2112
Abstract
Six mode shapes, including bending and torsion, were documented for five different basketball rims and backboards at the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, NY, USA. The frequency and damping ratio of each mode shape were also determined. The empirical process [...] Read more.
Six mode shapes, including bending and torsion, were documented for five different basketball rims and backboards at the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York, NY, USA. The frequency and damping ratio of each mode shape were also determined. The empirical process began with the time-domain excitation and response of each rim-backboard system. The impulse of excitation came from an impact hammer separately applied sequentially to each node. The sinusoidal response was gathered from an accelerometer at a fixed location (node 1). Each time-domain excitation response was then converted to a frequency-domain Bode plot for each node by a Brüel & Kjær 2034 Signal Analyzer, giving transfer functions of output/input versus frequency. Structural Measurements System (SMS) StarStruc software was used to fit mode shapes to the Bode plots. Each of the six mode shapes was fitted to the Bode plots of each node at a specific modal frequency. Each of the six mode shapes was a function of the locations of the nodes, and the Bode plots gathered at each node. The first and second modes were critical for showing that the Energy Rebound Testing Device statistically correlated with the energy transferred to the rim and backboard. A known perturbation mass was selectively attached to the rim to help isolate the dynamic masses and spring rates for the rim and backboard and to ascertain that the kinetic energy transferred to the rim had a 95.67% inverse correlation with rim stiffness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibrations in Sports)
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15 pages, 1354 KiB  
Article
Using Wearable Accelerometers to Develop a Vertical Ground Reaction Force Prediction Model during Running: A Sensitivity Study
by Thomas Provot, Samaneh Choupani, Maxime Bourgain, Laura Valdes-Tamayo and Delphine Chadefaux
Vibration 2023, 6(3), 680-694; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6030042 - 12 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1845
Abstract
The estimation of vertical ground reaction forces (VGRFs) during running is necessary to understand running mechanisms. For this purpose, the use of force platforms is fundamental. However, to extend the study of VGRFs to real conditions, wearable accelerometers are a promising alternative to [...] Read more.
The estimation of vertical ground reaction forces (VGRFs) during running is necessary to understand running mechanisms. For this purpose, the use of force platforms is fundamental. However, to extend the study of VGRFs to real conditions, wearable accelerometers are a promising alternative to force platforms, whose use is often limited to the laboratory environment. The objective of this study was to develop a VGRF model using wearable accelerometers and a stepwise regression algorithm. Several models were developed and validated using the VGRFs and acceleration signals collected during 100 stances performed by one participant. The validated models were tested on eight participants. In a sensitivity study, the strongest correlations were observed at cut-off frequencies of ≤25 Hz and in models developed with 30 to 90 stances. After the validation phase, the 10 best models had, on average, low relative differences (≤10%) in the estimation of discrete VGRF parameters, i.e., the passive peak (εpp=6.26%), active peak (εap=2.22%), and loading rate (εlr=2.17%). The results indicate that the development of personalized models is more suitable for achieving the best estimates. The proposed methodology opens many perspectives for monitoring VGRFs under real conditions using a limited number of wearable sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibrations in Sports)
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8 pages, 603 KiB  
Article
Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Quadriceps Isometric Muscular Endurance in Middle-Aged Adults: A Pilot Study
by Francesca Greco, Federico Quinzi, Katia Folino, Marco Spadafora, Loretta Francesca Cosco, Maria Grazia Tarsitano and Gian Pietro Emerenziani
Vibration 2023, 6(2), 399-406; https://doi.org/10.3390/vibration6020024 - 22 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2352
Abstract
This study analysed the acute effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on quadriceps isometric muscular endurance. Fifteen healthy middle-aged males performed an endurance isometric strength test after three different warm-up conditions: static half squat plus WBV (HSV), static half squat without WBV (HS), and [...] Read more.
This study analysed the acute effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on quadriceps isometric muscular endurance. Fifteen healthy middle-aged males performed an endurance isometric strength test after three different warm-up conditions: static half squat plus WBV (HSV), static half squat without WBV (HS), and control condition (CC). The endurance isometric strength test consisted of 10 maximal isometric contractions held for 4 s and interspersed by 2 s of rest between each repetition. Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) was assessed after warm-up (RPE1) and at the end of the testing session (RPE2). During each testing session, participant’s heart rate (HR) was continuously recorded. For each trial, the mean force across the 10 repetitions and fatigue index were evaluated. Mean force was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in CC than in the other two conditions. Both RPE1 and RPE2 were significantly lower (p < 0.01) in CC than HSV and HS condition. Warm-up HR and the mean testing session HR were significantly lower in CC than the other two conditions (p < 0.01). No significant differences were observed in fatigue index between conditions (p > 0.05) or in HR during the endurance protocol. Performing half-squat with or without vibration stimuli does not increase isometric muscular endurance and does not influence fatigue index. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vibrations in Sports)
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