Anti-viral Antibodies in Animal Host

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2022) | Viewed by 2557

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Cellular Biology Section, Bldg. 33, #2E13C, 33 North Dr, Bethesda, MD, USA
Interests: Influenza; Coronavirus, Antibodies; Antigenic Drift; Viral Evolution

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, an enormous effort has been made to understand the relation between antibodies and viruses. While the human host occupies a lot of attention, a man is rarely an exclusive host for viruses. Notably, while structurally unrelated, specialized proteins that recognize non-self antigens are found as far as in jawless vertebrates. Despite >500 Mya of independent evolution, these “antibodies” recognize the same proteins with overlapping epitopes as higher vertebrate Igs do (10.7554/eLife.07467). 

Man is exposed to animals and their viruses daily. As antibodies interfere with viruses at various levels and shape viral populations, it is essential to understand antibody–virus relations beyond the human host. Such knowledge, combined with recent technological advancements in the field of antibody repertoire characterization and engineering, open new therapeutic possibilities.

Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue on “Antiviral Antibodies in Animal Host” is to qualitatively and quantitatively explore the antibody response to medically and economically relevant viruses, including but not limited to influenza, RSV, HIV, WNV, Ebola, papillomavirus, herpesvirus and coronavirus, in domesticated and wild animals. Original research and comprehensive review articles presenting recent progress, challenges, and future perspectives are invited. 

These may cover antibody response to infection and vaccination, seroprevalence studies, mechanisms of virus neutralization, antigenic characterization, viral antigen immunodominance, viral evasion mechanisms and evolution, animal antibody repertoire and engineering research, as well as antibody-based antiviral therapies.

Dr. Ivan Kosik
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • virus
  • antibody
  • seroprevalence
  • neutralization
  • vaccination
  • immunodominance
  • antigen

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 724 KiB  
Article
Naturally Acquired Antibodies to Influenza A Virus in Fall-Migrating North American Mallards
by David E. Stallknecht, Alinde Fojtik, Deborah L. Carter, Jo Anne Crum-Bradley, Daniel R. Perez and Rebecca L. Poulson
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(5), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9050214 - 27 Apr 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2179
Abstract
Although waterfowl are the primary reservoir for multiple subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV), our understanding of population immunity in naturally infected waterfowl is poorly understood. Population immunity may be an important driver of seasonal subtype predominance in waterfowl populations and may affect [...] Read more.
Although waterfowl are the primary reservoir for multiple subtypes of influenza A virus (IAV), our understanding of population immunity in naturally infected waterfowl is poorly understood. Population immunity may be an important driver of seasonal subtype predominance in waterfowl populations and may affect the potential for establishment of introduced IAV such as the Eurasian-like A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage in these populations. Here, we examine the prevalence of naturally acquired antibodies to nucleoprotein (NP), hemagglutinin (H3, H4, H5), and neuraminidase (N1, N2, N6, N8) in early migrating mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) sampled in Northwest Minnesota during staging and early fall migration in September 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2018. Serologic results were compared to historic and contemporary virus isolation results from these same study sites. The prevalence of antibodies to NP ranged from 60.8–76.1% in hatch-year (HY) birds and from 86.0–92.7% in after-hatch-year (AHY, >1-year-old) mallards indicating a high level of previous infection with IAV early in the fall migration season. Neutralizing antibodies were detected against H3, H4, and H5 in all years as were antibodies to N1, N2, N6, and N8. A high proportion of NP seropositive ducks tested positive for antibodies to multiple HA and NA subtypes, and this was more common in the AHY age class. Antibody prevalence to the HA and NA subtypes included in this study were consistent with the predominance of H4N6 in these populations during all years and reflected a broadening of the antibody response with age. Additional work is needed to document the longevity of these immune responses, if and how they correlate with protection against IAV transmission, infection, and disease, and if, as detected in this study, they adequately describe the true extent of exposure to IAV or specific HA or NA subtypes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-viral Antibodies in Animal Host)
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