Immune-mediated Diseases in Small Animals

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 26691

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Yuki Animal Hospital, 2-99 kiba-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-0021, Japan
2. Yuki Animal Hospital, 2-99 Kiba-Cho Minato-Ku Nagoya 455-0021, Aichi, Japan

Special Issue Information

Immune-mediated diseases in small animals such as dogs and cats are occasionally encountered in clinical practice. Among them, blood diseases such as immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, musculoskeletal and neurological diseases such as immune-mediated polyarthritis and myasthenia gravis, and alimentary diseases such as chronic enteropathy are common clinically encountered diseases. Classic classification is used to describe the easy-to-understand pathophysiology of immune-mediated disease, such as that caused by type II, type III, or type IV hypersensitivity, or a combination of these. However, it has not even been clarified whether the pathophysiology of immune-mediated diseases in dogs and cats falls under these classifications. Until now, the diagnosis and treatment of immune-mediated diseases in dogs and cats have applied findings from the pathophysiology of human immune-mediated diseases. However, the pathophysiology of immune-mediated diseases in humans and those in dogs and cats may not be the same. Hence, it is important to elucidate the pathophysiology of immune-mediated diseases in dogs and cats as much as possible toward treatment based on their pathophysiology.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to collect information on elucidation of the pathophysiology of immune-mediated diseases in dogs and cats and information on treatment based on their pathophysiology.

Dr. Masashi Yuki
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • immune-mediated disease
  • dog
  • cat
  • pathophysiology
  • treatment
  • immunosuppressive therapy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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18 pages, 2078 KiB  
Review
Atopic Dermatitis in Domestic Animals: What Our Current Understanding Is and How This Applies to Clinical Practice
by Rosanna Marsella
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(7), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8070124 - 2 Jul 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 16624
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a clinical syndrome that affects both people and animals. Dogs closely mimic the complexity of the human skin disease, and much progress has been made in recent years in terms of our understanding of the role of skin impairment and [...] Read more.
Atopic dermatitis is a clinical syndrome that affects both people and animals. Dogs closely mimic the complexity of the human skin disease, and much progress has been made in recent years in terms of our understanding of the role of skin impairment and the identification of new treatments. Cats and horses also develop atopic syndromes which include both cutaneous and respiratory signs, yet studies in these species are lagging. It is now recognized that atopic dermatitis is not a single disease but a multifaceted clinical syndrome with different pathways in various subgroups of patients. Appreciating this complexity is clinically relevant as we develop more targeted treatments which may work well in some patients but not in others. Different phenotypes of atopic dermatitis have been described in dogs, and it is possible that phenotypes related to breed and age may exist in other animals similar to how they are described in people. The awareness of different mechanisms of disease leads to the desire to correlate different phenotypes with specific biomarkers and responses to treatment. In this review, the current understanding and updated information on atopic syndrome in animals are described, highlighting opportunities for further studies in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune-mediated Diseases in Small Animals)
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Other

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7 pages, 40611 KiB  
Case Report
Successful Treatment of Mucocutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in a Dog with Prednisolone, Mycophenolate Mofetil and Tacrolimus
by Jae-Eun Hyun, Yeong-Hun Kang and Cheol-Yong Hwang
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(5), 72; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8050072 - 23 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 9067
Abstract
A 6-year-old, intact male miniature Pinscher dog had erosive lesions on perilabial, peripenial and perianal mucocutaneous areas, which were exacerbated by ulcerations, crusts, with pain while defecating and urinating. The lesions were symmetrical, and no systemic signs were observed. Histopathological evaluation showed parakeratotic [...] Read more.
A 6-year-old, intact male miniature Pinscher dog had erosive lesions on perilabial, peripenial and perianal mucocutaneous areas, which were exacerbated by ulcerations, crusts, with pain while defecating and urinating. The lesions were symmetrical, and no systemic signs were observed. Histopathological evaluation showed parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, ulceration and cell-rich lymphoplasmacytic interface dermatitis with basal keratinocyte apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong reaction in the dermoepidermal junction against goat-canine IgG and mild-to-moderate reaction against goat-canine IgA, IgM and C3. Based on these findings, the dog was diagnosed with mucocutaneous lupus erythematosus (MCLE). Oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg twice daily, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 18.3 mg/kg twice daily and 0.1% tacrolimus ointment were prescribed as initial treatment. The lesions showed remarkable improvement within 4 weeks, but the dog exhibited polyuria, polydipsia and hepatomegaly with high dosage of prednisolone. Hence, the dosage of prednisolone was gradually tapered for 9 weeks and discontinued, but MMF and tacrolimus were continued. No new lesion or associated side effect was observed while reducing the MMF dose to 10 mg/kg twice daily and with continuous use of tacrolimus ointment after steroid discontinuation. In conclusion, this case report emphasizes the usefulness of MMF and tacrolimus as steroid-sparing agents in the treatment of dogs with MCLE. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of MCLE that was successfully managed long-term with MMF and tacrolimus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune-mediated Diseases in Small Animals)
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