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Journals
Toxics
Special Issues
Risk Assessment of Chemicals in Food and Feed
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Risk Assessment of Chemicals in Food and Feed

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Exposome Analysis and Risk Assessment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 5913

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Melanie Esselen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, Germany
Interests: food toxicology; food chemistry; environmental toxicology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Humans and animals are daily exposed to an increasing number of chemicals. Among them are food additives, pesticide residues, mycotoxins, heavy-metal compounds, chemicals from packaging materials and many others. The risk assessment of chemicals is a very interdisciplinary topic and fields like (food) chemistry, toxicology, microbiology, epidemiology etc. are involved. Risk assessment is divided in exposure assessment and hazard identification that includes toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic studies, respectively. That’s why it is an indispensable tool to assess the health risks for humans and animals. Nevertheless, risk assessment hasn’t only been exploited to quantify the health risk of a single compound exposure but in recent studies chemical mixtures become increasingly important. Results of risk assessments are used to make judgements about health risks and to assess compliance with legislation. Furthermore, sources of contamination can be identified and current minimizing strategies for these contaminants can be assessed. At last, it has to be considered that safe foods are directly linked to safe feeds and healthy animals - “from the stable to the table” or “from farm to fork” - and should be prospectively focused even more strongly as One health approach.

This Special Issue aims to present a comprehensive view of current methods in “Risk Assessment of Chemicals in Food and Feed”. I am pleased to invite original research papers and reviews that may contribute (but not limited to) one or more of the following topics.

  • Occurrence data and exposure data including biomarker of exposure
  • Hazard characterization including biomarker effects
  • Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) identification
  • Toxicokinetic data
  • Single compounds and chemical mixtures
  • One Health Approach

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

 

Prof. Dr. Melanie Esselen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • contaminants of food and feeds
  • exposure assessment
  • consumption data
  • mixture effects
  • toxicokinetic
  • toxicodynamic
  • regulatory

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 2996 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study on the Distribution of Essential, Non-Essential Toxic, and Other Elements across Trophic Levels in Various Edible Aquatic Organisms in Sri Lanka and Dietary Human Risk Assessment
by Anura Upasanta-Kumara Wickrama-Arachchige, Keerthi S. Guruge, Hinako Tani, Tilak Siri Dharmaratne, Marappullige P. Kumara, Yasuaki Niizuma and Takeshi Ohura
Toxics 2022, 10(10), 585; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100585 - 04 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1780
Abstract
Thirty-six elements are categorized as essential but toxic in excess amount (EBTEs), non-essential toxic (NETs), and Other in 29 different edible aquatic species dwelling in offshore pelagic, and coastal and estuarine (CE) ecosystems were investigated in Sri Lanka. Elements were analyzed using an [...] Read more.
Thirty-six elements are categorized as essential but toxic in excess amount (EBTEs), non-essential toxic (NETs), and Other in 29 different edible aquatic species dwelling in offshore pelagic, and coastal and estuarine (CE) ecosystems were investigated in Sri Lanka. Elements were analyzed using an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer, and an NIC MA-3000 Mercury Analyzer. EBTEs showed a negative relationship, whereas NETs showed a positive relationship between the concentration (mg/kg wet weight) and trophic levels in both ecosystems. EBTEs showed trophic dilution, whereas NETs showed trophic magnification. Some elements in a few organisms exceeded the maximum allowable limit which is safe for human consumption. There was a positive relationship (R2 = 0.85) between the concentration of mercury and body weight of yellowfin tuna (YFT). For the widely consumed YFT, the calculated hazard index (HI) for the non-carcinogenic health and exposure daily intake of NETs for adults were 0.27 and 9.38 × 10−5 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. The estimated provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) (μg/kg bw/w) was 0.47 for arsenic and 0.05 for antimony, cadmium, mercury, and lead. The HI and PTWI values were below the recommended limits; thus, consumption of YFT does not pose any health risk for Sri Lankan adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment of Chemicals in Food and Feed)
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13 pages, 1278 KiB  
Article
The Assessment of Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure among School Children in Four Regions of Thailand: Analysis of Dialkyl Phosphate Metabolites in Students’ Urine and Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in Vegetables for School Lunch
by Anurak Wongta, Nootchakarn Sawang, Phanika Tongjai, Marut Jatiket and Surat Hongsibsong
Toxics 2022, 10(8), 434; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10080434 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1688
Abstract
In Thailand, pesticides containing organophosphates (OP) are frequently applied to crops to suppress insects. School children can be exposed to OPs on a daily basis, from food consumption to breathing and touching pesticides drifted near classrooms. Living in an agricultural area can also [...] Read more.
In Thailand, pesticides containing organophosphates (OP) are frequently applied to crops to suppress insects. School children can be exposed to OPs on a daily basis, from food consumption to breathing and touching pesticides drifted near classrooms. Living in an agricultural area can also be one of the causes. As a result, it is important to monitor OPs residues in the food chain and biomarkers of exposure. The Gas Chromatography–Flame Photometric Detector method was employed to examine the relationship between OPs residue and DAPs (Diakly phosphate) in four targeted locations in Thailand, as well as to examine the residues of OPs in vegetable samples and DAPs in 395 school children’s urine samples. Vegetables were found to contain at least one OP, with chlorpyrifos being the most prevalent. The OPs detected frequencies for Sakon Nakhon, Chiang Mai, Phang Nga, and Pathum Thani are 96.1%, 94%, 91.7%, and 83.3%, respectively. The overall centration level of OPs showed 0.3261 mg/kg, 0.0636 mg/kg, 0.0023 mg/kg, 0.0150 mg/kg, 0.2003 mg/kg, 0.0295 mg/kg, and 0.0034 mg/kg for diazinon, dimethoate, pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, ethion, and triazophos, respectively. Nearly 98% of school children were detected with at least one DAP. The overall level of dimethyl phosphate metabolites (5.258 µmole/mole creatinine) in urine samples is higher than diethyl phosphate metabolites (2.884 µmole/mole creatinine), especially in the case of Pathum Thani. Our findings show a consistent relationship between OPs in vegetables from wet markets and DAPs in urine samples of school children in various parts of Thailand. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment of Chemicals in Food and Feed)
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11 pages, 1904 KiB  
Article
Histological Identification and Quantification of Eosinophils and Ascites in Leghorn Chickens Treated with High Oral Concentrations of NaCl–Pilot Study
by Victor M. Petrone-Garcia, Inkar Alejandro Castellanos-Huerta, Saeed El-Ashram, Marco A. Juárez-Estrada, Benjamin Fuente-Martínez, Danielle B. Graham and Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
Toxics 2022, 10(7), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10070381 - 09 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1856
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the role played by eosinophils in NaCl poisoning and right cardiac hypertrophy (ascitic syndrome) in Leghorn chickens, as well as the histological findings in the central nervous system (CNS), liver, and kidney. Moreover, the [...] Read more.
The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the role played by eosinophils in NaCl poisoning and right cardiac hypertrophy (ascitic syndrome) in Leghorn chickens, as well as the histological findings in the central nervous system (CNS), liver, and kidney. Moreover, the hypertrophy of the right ventricle index (HRVI) as an indicator of ascites was evaluated. Male SPF Leghorn birds at 28 days of age were submitted to two experiments. Food and water (FW) experiment: birds were treated with food plus 3.3% NaCl for the next 27 days and 1% NaCl in their drinking water from days 22 to 27. Water experiment (W): birds were treated with 1% NaCl in their drinking water for 5 days. In both experiments, the chickens exhibited loss of appetite, diuresis, and watery, green diarrhea during treatment days; at 24–27 td-FW and experiment W, the birds showed nervous signology (prostration, running movements, tremors, and comatose state). In the leukogram at 28 td-FW, an increase (p < 0.05) in heterophiles and basophils was observed. CNS eosinophilia was not observed in birds intoxicated with NaCl, though they did present demyelination in the brain and spinal cord, hepatic degeneration, mesangial proliferative glomerulopathy, and acute proximal renotubular necrosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment of Chemicals in Food and Feed)
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