Pharmaceutical Pollutants: Environmental Fate, Risk Assessment and Sustainable Solutions

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Contaminants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 392

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
Interests: soil

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The scope of this Special Issue will include contributions of original research papers and high-quality review articles to help address problems related to pharmaceutical pollution. Studies significantly improving our understanding of environmental behaviors (e.g., adsorption/desorption, degradation, migration, and transformation) of pharmaceutical pollutants in water, sediment, and soil will be given primary consideration. Authors should affirm that their studies are conducted under environmentally relevant conditions, such as temperature, pH, and chemical doses, for actual applications. Additionally, we also invite contributions that focus on the removal technologies and pollution control strategies of pharmaceutical pollutants in water, sediment, and soil. Cost-effective, high-efficiency, and environmentally friendly materials and processes are particularly welcome.

This Special Issue will not consider articles dealing with the extraction and determination methods of pharmaceutical pollutants in any environmental matrix. Additionally, descriptive or repetitive studies with limited novelty will not be considered.

Dr. Guixiang Zhang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • pharmaceuticals
  • antibiotic resistance genes
  • soil
  • water
  • sediments
  • environmental fate
  • risk assessment
  • sustainable solutions

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 3772 KiB  
Article
Oxidative Stress Response of Liver Cell Culture in Atlantic Salmon Challenged Under Two Antibiotics: Oxytetracycline and Florfenicol
by Luis Vargas-Chacoff, Francisco Dann, Ricardo Oyarzún-Salazar, Daniela Nualart and José Luis P. Muñoz
Toxics 2025, 13(5), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13050361 - 30 Apr 2025
Viewed by 191
Abstract
Aquaculture is currently the fastest-growing sector in animal production, with an average annual growth rate of 7.5% since 1970. In Chile, the industry is largely driven by salmonid farming, with Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) accounting for over 65% of national production. This species [...] Read more.
Aquaculture is currently the fastest-growing sector in animal production, with an average annual growth rate of 7.5% since 1970. In Chile, the industry is largely driven by salmonid farming, with Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) accounting for over 65% of national production. This species has shown the most significant growth within the sector. This growth is achieved by having high-density farming, which results in high levels of stress due to overcrowding and the appearance of pathogens such as the Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) virus, Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD), Caligus sea lice (Caligus rogercresseyi), and Piscirickettsiosis (SRS) caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, among others. This study evaluated the toxicity of the two most commonly used antibiotics in the salmon industry—oxytetracycline and florfenicol—at four concentrations each, using primary liver cell cultures of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Oxidative stress was assessed through enzymatic activity and gene expression of oxidative markers, including cytochrome P450, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Samples were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 48 h post-exposure. These findings reveal time- and dose-dependent oxidative responses in salmon liver cells to OTC and FLO, providing critical insights into the sublethal cellular effects of antibiotics commonly used in aquaculture, which indicates the presence of a high amount of free radicals in the liver cells, indicating toxicity of both antibiotics. Full article
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