Heavy Breathing: Unveiling the Impact of Heavy Metals on Lung Health

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Toxicology and Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 August 2025) | Viewed by 1470

Special Issue Editors

Chemical Insights Research Institute, UL Research Institutes, Marietta, GA 30067, USA
Interests: metabolomics; lung physiology; pulmonary toxicity; metal toxicity; particulate toxicity; exposome
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Guest Editor
1. Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
2. Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
Interests: mitochondrial dysregulation; lung diseases; platelet function; metabolomics; heavy metals; systems biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

Heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, lead, and vanadium are pervasive in our environment and pose significant health risks. Exposure to these heavy metals has been well recognized as a potent threat to human lung health. Despite the known dangers, many aspects of heavy metal exposure still need to be fully characterized. There is a pressing need to unveil toxicological mechanisms and accurately assess the risks. Additionally, the challenges posed by climate change and the rapid development of new technologies have increased the uncertainty of chemical exposure and associated risks, particularly for vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, and occupationally exposed individuals. As noted by the World Health Organization, heavy metal exposure remains a major public health concern. This Special Issue aims to consolidate cutting-edge research on the mechanisms, health effects, and mitigation strategies related to heavy metal exposure and lung health.

We invite submissions that cover, but are not limited to, the following topics:

  • Characterization of heavy metal exposure that could lead to health consequences in the respiratory tract;
  • Toxicological mechanisms of heavy metal exposure affecting lung health;
  • Epidemiological studies linking heavy metal exposure to lung diseases;
  • Systems biology approaches to study the health risks associated with heavy metal exposure;
  • Exposome and its role in understanding cumulative exposure to heavy metals;
  • Mitigation strategies to reduce exposure risks associated with heavy metals;
  • Exposure risks and health effects of heavy metals on vulnerable populations.

Dr. Xiaojia He
Dr. Matthew Smith
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • heavy metals
  • lung health
  • risk assessment
  • exposure characterization
  • exposome
  • system toxicology
  • vulnerable populations
  • toxicological mechanisms

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

14 pages, 1759 KB  
Review
Lung Deposition of Particulate Matter as a Source of Metal Exposure: A Threat to Humans and Animals
by Joel Henrique Ellwanger, Marina Ziliotto and José Artur Bogo Chies
Toxics 2025, 13(9), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13090788 - 17 Sep 2025
Viewed by 162
Abstract
The deposition of particulate matter (PM) in the lungs is a health problem that primarily affects individuals working in mines and other highly polluted environments. People living in large cities also accumulate PM in their lungs throughout their lives due to the high [...] Read more.
The deposition of particulate matter (PM) in the lungs is a health problem that primarily affects individuals working in mines and other highly polluted environments. People living in large cities also accumulate PM in their lungs throughout their lives due to the high levels of air pollution often observed in urban environments. In addition to the direct effects that the physical deposition of PM causes in the lungs, such as increased levels of inflammation and fibrosis, these pollutants can be associated with additional toxic effects, including genotoxicity and other molecular, cellular, and systemic alterations that can lead to the development of multiple diseases. This occurs because PM carries a number of toxic pollutants to the lungs, especially metals and metalloids such as arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury. Although the histopathological effects of occupational (pneumoconiosis) or environmental (anthracosis) deposition of PM in the human lungs are well described, little is discussed about how these morphological alterations can be a proxy for acute and chronic exposure to several toxic metals. Furthermore, the effects of PM–metal complexes on the health of animals, especially those living in urban environments, are often overlooked. In this context, this narrative review aims to discuss the impacts of lung-deposited PM–metal complexes on the health of multiple species, highlighting the broad effects caused by air pollution. Using the One Health approach, this article examines how environmental issues impact the health of both humans and animals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Breathing: Unveiling the Impact of Heavy Metals on Lung Health)
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20 pages, 1002 KB  
Review
Toxicology of Airborne Inorganic Arsenic: Oxidative Stress, Molecular Mechanisms, and Organ-Specific Pathologies
by Qingyang Liu
Toxics 2025, 13(9), 753; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13090753 - 4 Sep 2025
Viewed by 589
Abstract
Arsenic, a naturally occurring metalloid, poses a significant global public health threat due to widespread environmental contamination. Despite its well-documented carcinogenicity, critical gaps remain in understanding the health impacts of chronic low-level airborne exposure and the multi-modal mechanisms driving inorganic arsenic toxicity. This [...] Read more.
Arsenic, a naturally occurring metalloid, poses a significant global public health threat due to widespread environmental contamination. Despite its well-documented carcinogenicity, critical gaps remain in understanding the health impacts of chronic low-level airborne exposure and the multi-modal mechanisms driving inorganic arsenic toxicity. This narrative review synthesizes recent molecular research and population health data to explain how airborne inorganic arsenic causes harm through multiple biological pathways. Key novel insights include (1) a comprehensive analysis of inorganic arsenic-induced oxidative stress and epigenetic dysregulation, revealing transgenerational effects via germline epigenetic markers; (2) a critical evaluation of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model, demonstrating its overestimation of low-dose risks by 2–3× compared to threshold-based evidence; and (3) descriptions of mechanistic links between inorganic arsenic speciation, organ-specific pathologies (e.g., neurodevelopmental impairments, cardiovascular diseases), and pollution mitigation strategies. This study connects molecular mechanisms with public health strategies to improve arsenic risk assessment. It focuses on how inorganic arsenic alters gene regulation (epigenetics) and combines exposure from multiple sources, while also clarifying uncertainties about low-dose effects and refining safety standards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heavy Breathing: Unveiling the Impact of Heavy Metals on Lung Health)
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