Toxicity of Phthalate Esters (PAEs)

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Contaminants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 July 2025 | Viewed by 530

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
Interests: environmental chemical pollutants; PAEs; PBDEs; micromicro-/nano materials; hematologic toxicity; oxidative stress; interaction between small molecules and biomolecules

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are commonly used as plasticizers. Due to the weak non-covalent bonding forms between PAEs and the product matrix, PAEs will gradually separate from the matrix into the environment over time. PAEs are commonly found in air, soil, seawater, freshwater, sediment, etc. They have also been detected in food, drinking water, and human body fluids. As one of the most common organic pollutants, their potential environmental and health hazards have attracted widespread international attention. Research has shown that PAEs have estrogen-like effects and are typical endocrine disruptors, which can affect the normal growth, development, and reproduction of organisms. Although their production and use have gradually been restricted, there is still widespread environmental pollution and human exposure to PAEs. The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide a detailed introduction to the toxic effects and mechanisms of PAEs (including their metabolites). For this Special Issue, we cordially invite you to submit reviews and regular research papers focusing on in vitro and in vivo (with animals, plants, or microorganisms) toxicity studies of PAEs, with the aim of enhancing the understanding of the ecological and health risks associated with PAEs.

Dr. Zhenxing Chi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • phthalate esters
  • toxic mechanism
  • toxic effect
  • in vivo study
  • in vitro study

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 1698 KiB  
Article
Metabolite Monomethyl Phthalate (MMP) Induces Oxidative Damage in Rat Erythrocytes: Role of Vitamins C and E
by Xuxin Zhang, Xu Gao and Zhenxing Chi
Toxics 2025, 13(5), 379; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13050379 - 7 May 2025
Viewed by 191
Abstract
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can enter the human body and be absorbed into the bloodstream to produce monomethyl phthalate (MMP). MMP in the environment can also enter the bloodstream. However, little is known about the toxicity of the phthalate metabolite MMP in most organisms. [...] Read more.
Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) can enter the human body and be absorbed into the bloodstream to produce monomethyl phthalate (MMP). MMP in the environment can also enter the bloodstream. However, little is known about the toxicity of the phthalate metabolite MMP in most organisms. In this study, the erythrocyte toxicity of MMP and a preventive approach were investigated using Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats as the model animal under MMP concentrations of 5–250 mg/kg (sub-chronic exposure in vivo) and 1.25–100 μg/mL (acute exposure in vitro). The experimental results indicate that the interaction of MMP with erythrocytes caused oxidative damage, which decreased the number of red blood cells and the hemoglobin content and increased the content of methemoglobin and the iron release of hemoglobin in rat blood. However, the above results were not observed when MMP directly interacted with hemoglobin. The antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E improved the above blood indicators in rats. The results of this study provide certain theoretical guidance for the evaluation of the potential risks of phthalate metabolites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toxicity of Phthalate Esters (PAEs))
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