Systems Thinking and Modelling in Socio-Economic Systems

A special issue of Systems (ISSN 2079-8954). This special issue belongs to the section "Systems Theory and Methodology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 2846

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Economics Engineering, Faculty of Business Management, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: business ecosystems; sustainable development; labor economics; employment policy; social and regional economics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Socioeconomic systems are complex, adaptive, and multi-layered, shaped by the continuous interactions of economic, technological, social, institutional, and environmental factors. They are characterized by nonlinear dynamics, feedback loops, path dependence, and emergent behavior, which traditional linear methods often fail to adequately reflect. Therefore, the explanatory and predictive power of conventional models, when faced with rapidly changing challenges, is limited.

This Special Issue aims to develop theoretical, methodological, and practical understanding of systems thinking and modeling in the study of socioeconomic phenomena. We invite papers that not only strengthen the conceptual foundations of systems approaches but also apply them to solving current problems such as sustainable economic changes, resilience to systemic shocks, technological innovations, social inequality, and environmental sustainability. Methodological innovations such as system dynamics modeling, agent-based models, network analysis, or systems analysis enriched with artificial intelligence are of particular importance.

As the scale and complexity of human-made systems increase, the ability to understand their emergent properties and dynamic interactions becomes increasingly important. In this context, systems thinking becomes the basis not only for analysis but also for decision-making. This Special Issue aims to promote the integration of systems science, engineering, and dynamics, and an interdisciplinary dialogue between economics, political science, environmental science, and complexity research. In this way, we hope to contribute to a holistic scientific paradigm that can support reliable analysis, innovative policies, and sustainable development of socio-economic systems.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

- System dynamics and agent-based modeling of regional development;

- Cognitive mapping and feedback loops in transformational change;

- Path dependence and nonlinear dynamics in regional transformations;

- Institutional interactions in multi-layered socio-economic systems;

- Sustainability transitions: linking innovation and systemic change;

- Policy design through systems thinking: the case of regional development;

- Decision-making in complex systems: from local innovations to national transformations;

- Systems-thinking methodologies for sustainable socio-economic development;

- Modeling resilience, adaptation, and transformation in socio-economic systems;

- Agent-based, system dynamics, and hybrid modeling methods;

- Policy-making, assessment, and forecasting through systems modeling;

- Application of complexity science and governance of socio-economic systems;

- Interdependence of economic, social, technological, and environmental subsystems;

- Digital transformation, smart economy, and their systemic impact;

- Scenario creation, forecasting, and long-term socio-economic planning;

- Integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence with systems thinking and modeling;

- Data-driven and big data methods in socio-economic systems analysis;

- Network science and interconnection in socio-economic and technological systems;

- Systemic risk assessment and early warning indicators in a socio-economic context;

- Systemic thinking in the context of climate change, energy transition, and sustainable innovation;

- Cognitive, organizational, and cultural aspects of systems thinking in politics and governance;

- Ethical, governance, and responsibility innovation in systemic socio-economic transformations.

Prof. Dr. Laima Okunevičiūtė Neverauskienė
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Systems is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • systems thinking
  • social and economic systems
  • system dynamics
  • innovation and systemic change
  • socio-economic transformation
  • agent-based modeling
  • machine learning
  • complexity science
  • policy modeling
  • resilience
  • sustainable development
  • smart economy
  • scenario analysis

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

27 pages, 4275 KB  
Article
Research on Simulation and Structural Optimization of Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in Jilin Province
by Yujie Xia, Xiaoyu Lv, Shuang Xu and Hongpeng Guo
Systems 2026, 14(3), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14030254 - 28 Feb 2026
Viewed by 294
Abstract
The integrated crop–livestock farming model not only enhances resource utilization efficiency and reduces environmental pollution but also serves as a vital pathway for promoting sustainable agricultural development. System dynamics models enable in-depth analysis of dynamic system changes. Therefore, in this study, we constructed [...] Read more.
The integrated crop–livestock farming model not only enhances resource utilization efficiency and reduces environmental pollution but also serves as a vital pathway for promoting sustainable agricultural development. System dynamics models enable in-depth analysis of dynamic system changes. Therefore, in this study, we constructed a comprehensive system dynamics model for the combination of farming and raising in Jilin Province, and used Vensim-PLE software(Version 6.3) to simulate and predict the dynamic changes of the agricultural structure and the future development trend based on the data of the planting and raising industry from 2006 to 2021. The results of the study show that: (1) It is expected that by 2035, the grain crop production, cash crop production, hog and beef cattle output, as well as the utilization of straw and livestock and poultry manure in Jilin Province will increase significantly. And the livestock and poultry manure load warning value reaches 0.35, which does not pose a threat to the environment. (2) By setting the simulation structure optimization analysis, it is found that the integrated crop-livestock systems performs the best in terms of economic, social, ecological and environmental benefits. (3) In 2035, Jilin Province should control the total crop planting area within 7250 thousand hectares, the number of hog output should not exceed 25 million, and the number of beef cattle slaughtered should not exceed 4.25 million, so as to ensure that the early warning value of livestock and poultry fecal matter loading is lower than 0.4, and to achieve the balance of farming and maximize economic benefits. Finally, this paper proposes policy recommendations to optimize crop structures, develop precision farming and aquaculture technologies, establish resource recycling projects, and strengthen policy support and technology promotion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Thinking and Modelling in Socio-Economic Systems)
Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 872 KB  
Article
A Systems Perspective on Ecological Citizenship in Libya: Cultural Mediation of Environmental Attitudes in a Socio-Economic Context
by Ahmed Mohamed Saleh Essayah and Askin Kiraz
Systems 2026, 14(2), 162; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020162 - 3 Feb 2026
Viewed by 363
Abstract
Ecological citizenship offers a framework for understanding how individuals translate environmental knowledge and concern into civic environmental engagement. However, the cultural mechanisms shaping this process remain understudied, particularly in Libya and comparable socio-cultural contexts. This study examines how environmental concern and the New [...] Read more.
Ecological citizenship offers a framework for understanding how individuals translate environmental knowledge and concern into civic environmental engagement. However, the cultural mechanisms shaping this process remain understudied, particularly in Libya and comparable socio-cultural contexts. This study examines how environmental concern and the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) influence ecological citizenship and the extent to which cultural factors mediate these relationships in Libya. Using a quantitative design, data were collected from 509 adults through validated scales measuring ecological citizenship, environmental concern, the NEP, and cultural values. The statistical analysis results show that environmental concern positively predicts ecological citizenship, with altruistic and biospheric concerns exerting the strongest effects. While the NEP correlates positively with ecological citizenship, its direct impact becomes non-significant when cultural factors are introduced. Cultural values, particularly religiosity, family orientation, generosity, and interdependence, demonstrate strong positive associations with ecological citizenship and mediate the effects of both the NEP and environmental concern, while materialism shows an inverse relationship. The findings of this research highlight that ecological citizenship is shaped not only by environmental attitudes but also by culturally embedded norms and values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Thinking and Modelling in Socio-Economic Systems)
Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 1867 KB  
Article
Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Central and Eastern Europe: Systems Thinking, Feedback Loops, and Romania’s FDI Premium
by Andrei Hrebenciuc, Silvia-Elena Iacob, Laurențiu-Gabriel Frâncu, Diana Andreia Hristache, Monica Maria Dobrescu, Raluca Andreea Popa, Alexandra Constantin and Maxim Cetulean
Systems 2026, 14(2), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020136 - 28 Jan 2026
Viewed by 659
Abstract
Foreign direct investment (FDI) has often been cast as a straightforward engine of growth, yet its record across Central and Eastern Europe tells a more tangled story where outcomes hinge on the interplay of education, governance, and the timing of external shocks. This [...] Read more.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) has often been cast as a straightforward engine of growth, yet its record across Central and Eastern Europe tells a more tangled story where outcomes hinge on the interplay of education, governance, and the timing of external shocks. This study embeds fixed effects panel econometrics within a systems framework, treating FDI as a subsystem of socio-economic dynamics. Using a long-run panel of eleven economies from 2000 to 2023, the analysis models path dependence and regime shifts through interaction terms and period-specific dummies set against a systems-thinking backdrop. The analysis shows that for the average CEE economy, FDI’s contribution has waxed and waned: it dragged on growth during the early transition years (2000–2007), settled into a neutral role after the global financial crisis, and proved unpredictable in the pandemic era. Romania stands out, however, with a marked “FDI premium” quantified as approximately 0.7 pp of growth per pp of FDI that seems to stem from reinforcing loops between rising tertiary enrolment and productivity spillovers. Mapping these feedbacks brings to light virtuous circles where human capital and resilience make or break the benefits of foreign capital. The policy message is plain: nurture the positive loops through investment in skills and firm linkages, keep institutions nimble enough to adapt, and watch for early warning signs of systemic strain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Thinking and Modelling in Socio-Economic Systems)
Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 1060 KB  
Article
Multiple-Agent Logics as Drivers of Rural Transformation: A Complex Adaptive Systems Analysis of Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
by Zhongguo Xu, Yuefei Zhuo and Guan Li
Systems 2026, 14(1), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010081 - 12 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 513
Abstract
The global countryside constitutes a complex social–ecological system undergoing profound transformation. Understanding how such systems navigate transitions and achieve resilient, sustainable outcomes requires examining the interactions and adaptive behaviors of multiple actors. This study investigates the restructuring of rural China through a complex [...] Read more.
The global countryside constitutes a complex social–ecological system undergoing profound transformation. Understanding how such systems navigate transitions and achieve resilient, sustainable outcomes requires examining the interactions and adaptive behaviors of multiple actors. This study investigates the restructuring of rural China through a complex adaptive systems lens, focusing on the county of Lin’an in Zhejiang Province. We employ a middle-range theory and process-tracing approach to analyze the co-evolutionary pathways shaped by the interactions among three key agents: local governments, enterprises, and village communities. Our findings reveal distinct yet interdependent behavioral logics—local governments and enterprises primarily exhibit instrumental rationality, driven by political performance and profit maximization, respectively, while villages demonstrate value-rational behavior anchored in communal well-being and territorial identity. Crucially, this study identifies the emergence of a vital integrative mechanism, the “village operator” model, underpinned by the collective economy. This institutional innovation facilitates the synergistic linkage of interests and the integration of endogenous and exogenous resources, thereby mitigating conflicts and alienation. We argue that this multi-agent collaboration drives a synergistic restructuring of spatial, economic, and social subsystems. The case demonstrates that sustainable rural revitalization hinges not on the dominance of a single logic, but on the emergence of adaptive governance structures that effectively coordinate diverse actor logics. This process fosters systemic resilience, enabling the rural system to adapt to external pressures and internal changes. The Lin’an experience offers a transferable framework for understanding how coordinated multi-agent interactions can guide complex social–ecological systems toward sustainable transitions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Thinking and Modelling in Socio-Economic Systems)
Show Figures

Figure 1

35 pages, 14557 KB  
Article
Research on Synergistic Co-Promotion Mechanism and Influencing Factors of Science and Technology Finance Efficiency and Carbon Emission Efficiency from the Perspective of Multi-Layer Efficiency Networks
by Rui Ding and Juan Liang
Systems 2026, 14(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14010052 - 5 Jan 2026
Viewed by 461
Abstract
Accurately grasping the relationship between science and technology finance efficiency (STFE) and carbon emission efficiency (CEE), and further exploring their interaction and synergistic development within the network structure are of great significance for promoting regional coordinated development, economic growth, and environmental issues. This [...] Read more.
Accurately grasping the relationship between science and technology finance efficiency (STFE) and carbon emission efficiency (CEE), and further exploring their interaction and synergistic development within the network structure are of great significance for promoting regional coordinated development, economic growth, and environmental issues. This article uses the super-efficient SBM model to measure the STFE and CEE in 30 provinces of China from 2011 to 2020, and innovatively introduces the Multi-Layer Network (MN) method to explore the characteristics of their network structure, synergistic evolution, and influencing factors. The results show that (1) the evolution of the MN structure is the result of synergistic development, which mainly forms the network pattern of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Qinghai–Gansu region with “triple-core, multi-zone”. (2) The STFE network plays a leading role in the MN structure by influencing the CEE network structure. (3) The layers of MN are connected in a disassortative way, while the network similarity is gradually increasing. (4) The number of communities of the MN is decreasing, and the agglomeration of the community structure is gradually increasing. (5) The performance of the MN structure has better robustness than the single-layer network under different strategies and different node retention levels of destruction. (6) The economic development level, government support rate, and industrial structure upgrading are the core factors affecting the value of weighted degree and closeness centrality, while betweenness centrality is mainly affected by the urbanization level and foreign direct investment level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systems Thinking and Modelling in Socio-Economic Systems)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop