Advances in Biomechanics and Sport Sciences: Exploring Symmetry and Asymmetry in Human Movement

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Life Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 7140

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Physiology and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Paderewskiego 35 Avenue, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
Interests: sport biomechanics; sport science; vertical jumps; motion analysis; plyometrics

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Guest Editor
Department of Physiology and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Paderewskiego 35 Avenue, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
Interests: biomechanics; movement analysis; sport science; physiotherapy; ergonomics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Symmetry and asymmetry in human movement are important factors in understanding motor performance, injury risk, and training optimisation across a wide range of physical activities and sports. Movement symmetry is often linked to efficiency, balance, and coordination, while asymmetries—whether structural, functional, or habitual—can influence performance outcomes and predispose individuals to injury.

Assessing asymmetries is complex. Not only is the boundary between symmetry and asymmetry controversial, but the interpretation of when asymmetry should be corrected and when it may be considered a natural state is also difficult. Recent advances in biomechanics, motion analysis, and wearable technology have provided new tools for quantifying movement patterns with high precision. This has opened new pathways for research into the mechanisms and consequences of symmetry and asymmetry.

This Special Issue invites original research articles, reviews, and case studies that investigate the roles of symmetry and asymmetry in human movement, particularly in sports performance, training, rehabilitation, and educational settings. We welcome submissions employing biomechanical, physiological, computational, or pedagogical approaches.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Biomechanical assessment of movement symmetry;
  • Gait and posture analysis in athletes and the general population;
  • Motion analysis of natural human movements such as running and jumping;
  • Kinematic and kinetic asymmetries during sport-specific tasks;
  • Symmetry in rehabilitation and motor recovery;
  • Training methods aimed at reducing functional asymmetries;
  • Performance implications of unilateral and bilateral exercises;
  • Technological innovations in asymmetry assessment;
  • Motor learning and symmetry in physical education;
  • Asymmetry as a risk factor for injury in sports;
  • Longitudinal studies of movement development and asymmetry.

Submit your manuscript through the MDPI submission system, selecting the journal Symmetry and the Special Issue "Advances in Biomechanics and Sport Sciences: Exploring Symmetry and Asymmetry in Human Movement". Articles will be published on a rolling basis. We look forward to your contribution.

Prof. Dr. Artur Struzik
Dr. Slawomir Winiarski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • human motion analysis
  • biomechanics
  • sports performance
  • physical activity
  • muscular asymmetry
  • motor control
  • injury prevention
  • exercise physiology
  • asymmetry of kinetics and kinematics
  • movement disorders

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1294 KB  
Article
Monitoring Morphological and Muscular Asymmetries in Elite Basketball: Field and Lab Measures of Neuromuscular Health
by Pablo López-Sierra, Julio Calleja-González, Jorge Arede and Sergio J. Ibáñez
Symmetry 2026, 18(1), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym18010159 - 15 Jan 2026
Viewed by 706
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Asymmetries in body composition and movement patterns are common in professional basketball due to the sport’s repetitive and unilateral demands. While both structural and functional asymmetries have been independently studied, little is known about their interaction under real training conditions. [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Asymmetries in body composition and movement patterns are common in professional basketball due to the sport’s repetitive and unilateral demands. While both structural and functional asymmetries have been independently studied, little is known about their interaction under real training conditions. The aim of this study was to compare structural asymmetries, obtained from bioelectrical impedance analysis, with functional asymmetries, measured through inertial devices in professional basketball players. Methods: Twenty-five male professional basketball players from two Spanish teams were monitored over a two-month period. Structural asymmetries were assessed via the TANITA MC-780MA multi-frequency analyzer, while functional asymmetries were quantified using WIMU Pro™ inertial units during 43 training sessions. Descriptive, correlational, and cluster analyses were performed, followed by linear mixed-effects models adjusted for individual random effects, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Descriptive results revealed low overall fat mass and no relevant group-level asymmetries in muscle mass or functional variables, although fat mass asymmetry showed greater variability across players. Correlation analyses indicated weak and non-significant relationships between structural and functional asymmetries. Cluster analysis grouped muscle mass and functional asymmetries together, while fat mass asymmetry formed a distinct cluster. Linear mixed-effects models confirmed significant differences for muscle mass asymmetry and demonstrated high inter-individual variability. Conclusions: Structural and functional asymmetries behave independently, with muscle mass asymmetry showing greater variability and functional relevance. These findings highlight the need for individualized monitoring approaches integrating morphological and functional assessments to optimize performance and reduce injury risk in elite basketball players. Full article
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28 pages, 2339 KB  
Article
Biomechanical Effects of Lower Limb Asymmetry During Running: An OpenSim Computational Study
by Andreea Maria Mănescu, Carmen Grigoroiu, Neluța Smîdu, Corina Claudia Dinciu, Iulius Radulian Mărgărit, Adrian Iacobini and Dan Cristian Mănescu
Symmetry 2025, 17(8), 1348; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17081348 - 18 Aug 2025
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5705
Abstract
Symmetry and asymmetry significantly influence running biomechanics, performance, and injury risk. Given the practical, ethical, and methodological constraints inherent in human-subject studies, computational modeling emerges as a valuable alternative for exploring biomechanical asymmetries in detail. This study systematically evaluated the mechanical effects of [...] Read more.
Symmetry and asymmetry significantly influence running biomechanics, performance, and injury risk. Given the practical, ethical, and methodological constraints inherent in human-subject studies, computational modeling emerges as a valuable alternative for exploring biomechanical asymmetries in detail. This study systematically evaluated the mechanical effects of lower limb imbalance during running using a simulation-based musculoskeletal framework in OpenSim. A total of 130 simulations were performed, incorporating controlled asymmetries in limb strength, stride length, and ground reaction forces (±5% and ±10%), to quantify alterations in joint moments, ground reaction forces (GRF), and muscular activation patterns. Results demonstrated clear biomechanical deviations under asymmetric conditions. Vertical ground reaction forces (GRF) decreased on the weaker limb and increased on the stronger limb, with peak knee joint moments rising by up to 20% under pronounced asymmetry. Muscle activation in major lower limb muscles, including the gastrocnemius and quadriceps, increased substantially on the stronger side, reflecting compensatory mechanical loading. These findings highlight the negative consequences of uneven limb loading and support the use of computational modeling to guide personalized training, rehabilitation, and injury prevention strategies. Full article
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