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Climate Impacts on Water Resources: From the Glacier to the Lake

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Water Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 4518

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yong Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resource, Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
Interests: glaciology-climate change

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to climate change, the system from the glacier to the lake in mountainous regions has undergone significant change, which is expected to change further in the future. Changes in glacier-lake system markedly impact spatio-temporal variations of water resources and water safety. An assessment of glacier-lake system’s current status and potential future changes is important for the sustainable water resources management for agriculture, hydropower, drinking, water-related hazards and water safety. Therefore, understanding the variation of water resources caused by changes in glacier-lake system and its response to climate change is crucial for billions of people dwonstream regions.  The aim of this Special Issue is to investigate the present and future status of glaciers and alpine lakes in conditions of climate change, explore the linkage and interaction between glaciers and alpine lakes and associated impacts on water resources and  water safety.

The scope of the Special Issue includes:

(1) Present and future status of glaciers and alpine alpine lakes in conditions of climate change;

(2) Interaction between glaciers and alpine lakes and impacts on water resources;

(3) Climate change impacts on water resources: hydrology, water-related hazard, water safety, and risk assessment;

(4) Modeling, systems analysis, and beneficial use of big data related to glacier-lake system, glacier/water-related hazard, and water resources.

Prof. Dr. Yong Zhang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • climate change
  • glacier-lake change and impacts
  • glacier-lake interaction
  • water resources
  • water-related hazard and safety

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2038 KiB  
Article
Hydraulic Relationship between Hulun Lake and Cretaceous Confined Aquifer Using Hydrochemistry and Isotopic Data
by Hengshuai Gao, Wenbao Li, Sheng Zhang, Yulong Tao and Xin Guo
Sustainability 2024, 16(5), 2128; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16052128 - 4 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1105
Abstract
Groundwater is one of the key sources of water recharge in Hulun Lake. In order to trace the location of the confined aquifer of the deep groundwater that recharges the lake, hydrogeochemical characteristic analysis and hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope sampling and analysis [...] Read more.
Groundwater is one of the key sources of water recharge in Hulun Lake. In order to trace the location of the confined aquifer of the deep groundwater that recharges the lake, hydrogeochemical characteristic analysis and hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope sampling and analysis were performed on the lake water, phreatic water and multi-layer cretaceous confined water in the same region of the Hulun Lake basin. The hydraulic relationships between the lake and various aquifers were then revealed through the use of hydrogen radioisotopes. The results show that the lake water, phreatic water and confined water are of the HCO3−Na type, and the content of stable isotopes (δD, δ18O) and radioisotopes (δ3H) is in the order of “confined water < phreatic water < lake water”. The main influencing factor of hydrochemical evolution in the phreatic water is the dissolution of feldspar; its age is about 26.66 years, and its renewal rate is nearly 3.75%. The main influencing factor of hydrochemical evolution in the K1y1, K1y2 and K1d1 Cretaceous confined water is evaporite dissolution (i.e., halite, gypsum); their renewal rate is less than 1%, and the discharge condition deteriorates with the increase in the aquifer roof burial depth. Phreatic water in the Jalainur Depression Zone supplies Hulun Lake under the condition of the existence of permafrost cover. The K1d2 confined water of the Lower Cretaceous–Damoguaihe Formation Coal Group II, with the deepest roof burial depth (441 m), shows significant differences in hydrochemistry, δD, δ18O and δ3H from the other K1y1, K1y2 and K1d1 Cretaceous confined waters in the same basin. The renewal rate (nearly 4.32%) of the K1d2 confined water is better than that of the phreatic water, and its hydrochemical characteristics are similar to those of the lake water and phreatic water, indicating that the Cuogang Fault and Xishan Fault, caused by crustal faults, resulted in the hydraulic relationship between the K1d2 confined water, lake water and phreatic water, resulting in drastic interannual changes in the lake water level. This study of lake–groundwater interactions in cold and arid regions can provide a theoretical basis for lakes’ sustainable development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Impacts on Water Resources: From the Glacier to the Lake)
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21 pages, 5224 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Climate Change’s Impact on Flow Quantity of the Mountainous Watershed of the Jajrood River in Iran Using Hydroclimatic Models
by Farzaneh Najimi, Babak Aminnejad and Vahid Nourani
Sustainability 2023, 15(22), 15875; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215875 - 13 Nov 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1669
Abstract
Rivers are the main source of fresh water in mountainous and downstream areas. It is crucial to investigate the possible threats of climate change and understand their impact on river watersheds. In this research, climate change’s impact on the mountainous watershed of the [...] Read more.
Rivers are the main source of fresh water in mountainous and downstream areas. It is crucial to investigate the possible threats of climate change and understand their impact on river watersheds. In this research, climate change’s impact on the mountainous watershed of the Jajrood River, upstream of Latyan Dam in Iran, was assessed by using a multivariate recursive quantile-matching nesting bias correction (MRQNBC) and the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). Also, this study considered ten global circulation models (GCMs) from the coupled model intercomparison project phase VI (CMIP6). With a higher correlation coefficient, the MIROC6 model was selected among other models. For the future period of 2031–2060, the large-scale outputs of the MIROC6 model, corresponding to the observational data were extracted under four common socioeconomic path scenarios (SSPs 1–2.6, 2–4.5, 3–7.0, 5–8.5). The bias was corrected and downscaled by the MRQNBC method. The downscale outputs were given to the hydrological model to predict future flow. The results show that, in the period 2031–2060, the flow will be increased significantly compared to the base period (2005–2019). This increase can be seen in all scenarios. In general, changes in future flow are caused by an increase in precipitation intensity, as a result of an increase in temperature. The findings indicate that, although the results show an increase in the risk of flooding, considering the combined effects of three components, i.e., increased precipitation concentration, temperature, and reduced precipitation, climate change is intensifying the problem of water scarcity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Impacts on Water Resources: From the Glacier to the Lake)
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Review

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23 pages, 9348 KiB  
Review
Mass Balance of Maritime Glaciers in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau during Recent Decades
by Xiaowei Lyu, Yong Zhang, Huanhuan Wang and Xin Wang
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7118; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167118 - 19 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1048
Abstract
Maritime glaciers in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) are particularly sensitive to changes in climate, and their changes directly and severely affect regional water security and glacier-related hazards. Given their large societal importance, a better understanding of the mass balance of maritime glaciers [...] Read more.
Maritime glaciers in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) are particularly sensitive to changes in climate, and their changes directly and severely affect regional water security and glacier-related hazards. Given their large societal importance, a better understanding of the mass balance of maritime glaciers in the SETP, a key variable for characterizing the state of glacier health, is of great scientific interest. In this review, we synthesize in situ, satellite-based observations and simulations that present an overall accelerating negative mass balance of maritime glaciers in the SETP in recent decades. We hereby highlight a significant spatiotemporal difference in the mass balance of maritime glaciers across the SETP and investigate the drivers of the accelerated mass loss of these glaciers in recent years. We find that accelerated glacier mass loss agrees with the variabilities in temperatures rising and precipitation decreasing at regional scales, as well as the spatial patterns of widespread melt hotspots (e.g., thin debris, ice cliffs, supraglacial ponds, and surface streams), the expansion of glacial lakes, enlarged ice crevasses, and frequent ice avalanches. Finally, the challenges of the mass balance study of maritime glaciers and future perspectives are proposed. Our review confirms the urgent need to improve the existing glacier inventory and establish comprehensive monitoring networks in data-scarce glacierized catchments, and it suggests paying particular attention to the development of glacier mass-balance models that coupe multiple physical processes at different interfaces to predict the status of maritime glaciers and their responses to climate change. This study can inform the sustainable management of water resources and the assessment of socio-economic vulnerability due to glacier-related hazards in the SETP and its surroundings in the context of marked atmospheric warming. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Impacts on Water Resources: From the Glacier to the Lake)
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