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Sustainable Structural Health Monitoring and Piezoresistivity Behavior for Green Synthetic Concrete

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A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2024) | Viewed by 2943

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ahmed Salih Mohammed

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Guest Editor

1. College of Engineering, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Sulaimani-Kirkuk Rd, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq
2. College of Engineering, American University of Iraq, Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Sulaimani-Kirkuk Rd, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq
Interests: cement; concrete; soil mechanics; rock mechanics; sustainability; modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Azeez Abdullah Barzinjy

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Guest Editor

Scientific Research Center, Soran University, Erbil, Iraq
Interests: green synthesis method; silver nanoparticles; metal electroplating

Dr. Samir Mustafa Hamad

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Guest Editor

Scientific Research Center, Soran University, Erbil, Iraq
Interests: nuclear physics; semiconductor; nanotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Concrete is a composite material of fine and coarse aggregate bonded with a fluid cement (cement paste) that hardens (cures) over time. Concrete is the second most used substance in the world after water and is the most widely used building material. Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminum combined. Globally, the ready-mix concrete industry, the largest concrete market segment, is projected to exceed USD 600 billion in revenue by 2025. This widespread use results in several environmental impacts. Most notably, the production process for cement produces large volumes of greenhouse gas emissions, leading to a net 8% of global emissions. Other environmental concerns include widespread illegal sand mining, impacts on the surrounding environment such as increased surface runoff or urban heat island effect, and potential public health implications from toxic ingredients.

Electrical resistivity (ER) is an important criterion for evaluating cement-based materials and structural health monitoring, such as concrete, since it allows the material to respond to strain or cracks. ER is a characteristic of concrete that reflects the degree of difficulty with which ions may move. ER may be utilized to measure corrosion and durability and monitor the status of standard samples over time. Because the approach is non-destructively tested, it was perfect for on-site quality control. Including steel creation slag decreased the ER of concrete while increasing the quantity of steel production slag in the mix enhanced conductivity. According to published data, the electrical resistivity measurements range from extremely low to very high values. This is because a measurement technique, device measurement, and low frequency cause a high electrical resistivity value. The frequency range utilized was 0.5–1 kHz, and the literature used two electrical measuring methods: two probes and four probes.

Therefore, this Special Issue in Sustainability is dedicated to comprehensive reviews and original studies on resource use (e.g., nondestructive tests, piezoelectrical resistivity, and green synthetic nano conductive materials) of cementitious materials and concrete containing less common, non-conventional materials.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Ahmed Salih Mohammed
Dr. Azeez Abdullah Barzinjy
Dr. Samir Mustafa Hamad
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

eco-friendly green concrete
mechanical and durability-related properties
waste materials
nanomaterials
green nanoparticle
piezoelectric behavior
conductive materials
electrical resistivity versus the strength of the material

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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27 pages, 9786 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of Limestone Powder as a Partial Replacement of Cement on the Punching Shear Behavior of Normal- and High-Strength Concrete Flat Slabs

by Bilal Kamal Mohammed and Bayan Salim Al-Numan

Sustainability 2024, 16(5), 2151; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16052151 - 05 Mar 2024

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Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of normal- and high-strength concretes including limestone powder (LP) through their mechanical properties. Moreover, sustainable flat plates made of these concretes were investigated through their punching strength. For this purpose, two different types of concrete (normal- and high-strength) with various limestone replacement ratios of 0%, 5%, 15%, and 20% by weight were designed. The fresh and hardened characteristics of the mixtures were investigated at various ages. By this means, the experimental behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) flat plate slabs made with limestone powder subjected to punching shear failure was studied. Slump value increased up to a 5% replacement of LP; after that, there was a tendency for the slump value to decrease as the replacement of limestone in normal-strength LP concrete increased. However, slump values for high-strength LP concrete increased as the LP replacement amount increased. There was a steady decrease in the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength values with the increase in LP content in normal concrete. However, in the high-strength LP concrete, with more than 10% of replacement LP, a decrease in the compressive strength values and splitting tensile strength values occurred. Compared to the control slab specimen without LP, in normal strength, the slab specimens with LP exhibit a larger ultimate shear load for slab specimens containing 5% and 10% of LP. The maximum increment for RC slabs containing 10% limestone powder was 3.8%. However, in high-strength concrete, the slab specimens with LP remained at the same ultimate shear load as control slabs, up to 10% of LP. high-strength concrete slabs with 5–20% LP showed an overall increase of (17.2%) in punching strength over the corresponding LP normal-strength concrete slabs. The corresponding increase for control slabs was 18.8%. It can be concluded that introducing LP improves the slab punching strength in a similar way that is found in non-sustainable slabs when using either normal- or high-strength concrete. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Structural Health Monitoring and Piezoresistivity Behavior for Green Synthetic Concrete)

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Review

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50 pages, 5467 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review: Construction and Demolition Waste as a Novel Source for CO₂ Reduction in Portland Cement Production for Concrete

by Kubilay Kaptan, Sandra Cunha and José Aguiar

Sustainability 2024, 16(2), 585; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020585 - 09 Jan 2024

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Abstract

There is an increasing global recognition of the need for environmental sustainability in mitigating the adverse impacts of cement production. Despite the implementation of various carbon dioxide (CO₂) mitigation strategies in the cement industry, such as waste heat recovery, the use of alternative raw materials and alternative fuels, energy efficiency improvements, and carbon capture and storage, overall emissions have still increased due to the higher production levels. The resolution of this matter can be efficiently achieved by the substitution of traditional materials with an alternative material, such as calcined clay (CC), construction and demolition waste (CDW), which have a significant impact on various areas of sustainable development, including environmental, economic, and social considerations. The primary objectives of employing CDW in the Portland cement production are twofold: firstly, to mitigate the release of CO₂ into the atmosphere, as it is a significant contributor to environmental pollution and climate change; and secondly, to optimize the utilization of waste materials, thereby addressing the challenges associated with their disposal. The purpose of this work is to present a thorough examination of the existing body of literature pertaining to the partial replacement of traditional raw materials by CDW and the partial replacement of Portland cement by CDW and to analyze the resulting impact on CO₂ emissions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Structural Health Monitoring and Piezoresistivity Behavior for Green Synthetic Concrete)

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