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Sustainable Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: Emerging Pollutants Behaviour and Removal

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Waste and Recycling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2025) | Viewed by 726

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
Interests: wastewater treatment and management; water reclamation and reuse; emerging pollutants; membranes; environmental science and technology; circular economy; sustainability
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water scarcity and pollution are not isolated issues but global challenges affecting many countries, particularly those with limited water resources. In response, growing interest has been in developing and enhancing wastewater treatment technologies to meet safety discharge limits, especially for reuse. As a result, water reuse now makes an important contribution to water supply, and a range of technologies are used in different parts of the world.

Adequate wastewater treatment systems are essential, and the use of unconventional water resources appears to be a necessary option to alleviate freshwater scarcity. The reuse of treated wastewater has been increasingly used for a number of applications, including agricultural, industrial, urban, and direct drinking water purposes.

Modern society depends on a wide range of chemicals, and these may ultimately enter urban wastewater. Emerging pollutants have been used extensively, and a wide range of them have been detected in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluents, surface and groundwater with concentrations ranging from a few ng/L to several g/L.

Emerging pollutants are chemicals that are not commonly monitored but have the potential to enter the environment and cause adverse ecological and human health effects. Over the last few years, the occurrence of emerging pollutants in treated wastewater has been identified as a significant environmental and health concern. Due to the characteristics of these compounds, their removal by conventional wastewater treatment technologies, including wastewater reclamation technologies, is often incomplete. It is well accepted that conventional WWTPs are not designed to remove emerging pollutants quantitatively, and their effluents constitute an important pathway for micropollutants entering water bodies.

Even though wastewater treatment and reuse technologies are a well-established field, many challenges remain to reach a stage of real, sustainable wastewater treatment that would protect the environment and human health.

This issue aims to share quality research on safe and sustainable wastewater treatment and reuse, considering emerging pollutants, as well as the great challenges the sector faces if it wants to be environmentally, economically and socially sustainable.

Important challenges for the field of wastewater treatment and reuse that could contribute to the scope of the current Special Issue include (but are not limited to): (a) new developments in wastewater treatment and reuse, (b) appropriate technologies for different emerging pollutants removal, (c) behaviour, removal and fate of emerging pollutants during water treatment processes, (d) integrated approaches to reduce different pollutants, (e) water reuse for agricultural irrigation and emerging pollutants (cases of study, soil and bioaccumulation, etc.), (f) safe wastewater reclamation and reuse, (g) wastewater treatment and emerging pollutants in developing countries and (h) new developments in respective policy and regulations.

The Special Issue welcomes original research and review papers focused on the latest knowledge and innovations in the field of Wastewater Treatment Processes for Sustainable Water Reuse, with a special focus on emerging pollutants. The manuscripts must show originality and address knowledge gaps related to the scope of the Special Issue.

Dr. Daniel M. González-Pérez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wastewater treatments

  • wastewater reclamation and reuse
  • emerging pollutants
  • reuse water and emerging pollutants
  • personal care and pharmaceutical products
  • pesticides
  • microplastics
  • water reuse for agricultural irrigation and emerging pollutants
  • wastewater treatment in developing countries
  • regulations & policy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 3825 KiB  
Article
Utilization of Phosphogypsum as Sustainable Adsorbent for Removal of Crystal Violet Dye from Wastewater: Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Applications in Textile Effluent Treatment
by Abdulrahman M. Alotaibi, Abdulrahman A. Aljabbab, Mamdoh S. Alajmi, Ayman N. Qadrouh, Mohsen Farahat, Mohamed A. Abdel Khalek, Hassan Baioumy, Rashad Y. Alzahrani, Turki H. Mana and Ramzi S. Almutairi
Sustainability 2025, 17(8), 3320; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083320 - 8 Apr 2025
Viewed by 425
Abstract
This study examines the potential of phosphogypsum—a by-product of the phosphoric acid production process—as a low-cost and sustainable adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions. Phosphogypsum was characterized using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, and zeta potential [...] Read more.
This study examines the potential of phosphogypsum—a by-product of the phosphoric acid production process—as a low-cost and sustainable adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions. Phosphogypsum was characterized using X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution, and zeta potential measurements, revealing that it is primarily composed of di-hydrate calcium sulfate, with a negatively charged surface in the pH range from 1.8 to 8.2 and a mean particle size of 12.2 microns. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature on its adsorption ability. The results indicated that the adsorption capacity increased with the pH up to a value of 5, while higher initial dye concentrations enhanced the uptake capacity but reduced the removal efficiency. The adsorption process was well described by the Langmuir isotherm, suggesting chemisorption as the dominant mechanism, while the pseudo-second-order kinetic model indicated that adsorption primarily occurred on the exterior surface. The thermodynamic analysis revealed that the process was exothermic and spontaneous at 20 °C and 30 °C, with a decrease in favorability at higher temperatures. The adsorbent demonstrated reusability, with a removal efficiency of 71% after five regeneration cycles. Furthermore, phosphogypsum was successfully applied to treat real textile effluent, achieving significant reductions in both biochemical oxygen demand (71%) and dye content (87%). These findings highlight the potential of phosphogypsum as an effective and eco-friendly adsorbent for wastewater treatment, contributing to waste valorization and environmental sustainability. Full article
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