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Sustainable Wastewater Management

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Water Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1205

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
Interests: water management

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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Protection and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5, Mănăştur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: climate change; bioindicators; biomonitoring techniques; plants-air quality interactions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
Interests: climate change; sustainable agriculture; environment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the current conditions of global climate change, when water resources register large fluctuations in the hydrological cycle and are subject to continuous contamination, it is necessary to find innovative solutions from researchers, specialists, and teachers to protect it. Under the pressure of decreasing world reserves of clean water and the need to feed a growing population, as well as the pressures of industrial development and increased agricultural production, a rapid increase in the use of wastewater after its treatment is expected globally. The large-scale introduction of effective wastewater treatment solutions in the 20th century has considerably improved human health and environmental quality, but to ensure the population's access to clean water and sanitation, according to Goal 6 of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, we must find effective methods of sustainable water and sanitation management for all. Under these conditions, we must return water of good quality to nature after its treatment and focus on the circular economy of water through its reuse in agriculture and industry, which can only be achieved through innovative, non-polluting methods and technologies of advanced purification, while also focusing on the challenges of water security in the future.

In this Special Issue, special attention will be dedicated to innovative technologies, smart solutions, and advanced research for sustainable wastewater treatment.

Prof. Dr. Laura Șmuleac
Prof. Dr. Antonia Cristina Maria Odagiu
Dr. Raul Pascalau
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • wastewater treatment
  • water quality
  • sustainability
  • water security
  • circular economy of water
  • sewage treatment plants
  • sewage sludge treatment
  • adaptation to climate change
  • water reuse
  • waste management
  • environmental protection

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 3684 KB  
Article
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Pyrolysis and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Sewage Sludge Treatment in Colombia
by Santiago Fonseca, Alexánder Gómez and Sonia Lucía Rincón Prat
Sustainability 2026, 18(1), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18010254 (registering DOI) - 26 Dec 2025
Abstract
The sustainable management of sewage sludge (SS) requires comparative evaluations that capture both environmental impacts and the trade-offs associated with emerging and established treatment routes. This study applies life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), rotary kiln pyrolysis, and incineration using [...] Read more.
The sustainable management of sewage sludge (SS) requires comparative evaluations that capture both environmental impacts and the trade-offs associated with emerging and established treatment routes. This study applies life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), rotary kiln pyrolysis, and incineration using SS from the Salitre WWTP in Bogotá, Colombia, based on a life cycle inventory that integrates experimental characterization, Aspen Plus simulations, and Ecoinvent datasets modeled in EASETECH. Thirteen ILCD midpoint impact categories were assessed, and uncertainty was evaluated through global sensitivity analysis (GSA) and Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that the three technologies distribute their impacts differently across categories, as follows: HTC yields reductions in several categories due to carbon storage and fertilizer substitution but presents toxicity-related impacts linked to heavy metal transfer to soils; pyrolysis produces a pyrochar with metal retention and nutrient recovery potential that influences climate and resource-related categories while remaining sensitive to sludge composition; and incineration influences climate categories without the potential toxic effects of using chars in soils, reduces sludge volume, and facilitates subsequent nutrient recovery processes from ash, with lower uncertainty due to its technological stability. These results support circular economy strategies in low- and middle-income countries by clarifying the environmental conditions under which carbonized materials or ash-derived recovery pathways can be incorporated into sludge treatment systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Wastewater Management)
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16 pages, 1880 KB  
Article
Biofilm-Based Biomonitoring of Treated Wastewater Using Bacillus thuringiensis: Toward Sustainable Water Reuse
by Bidisha Sengupta, Olabisi Ogunlewe, Robert Friedfeld, Cephus Bess-Grunewald, Philip Baker and Kefa Onchoke
Sustainability 2025, 17(16), 7272; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167272 - 12 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Ensuring the safe reuse or discharge of treated wastewater is critical to achieving environmental sustainability, particularly in regions facing growing water stress. This study introduces a biological approach using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) biofilm formation as an indicator of treated wastewater quality from three [...] Read more.
Ensuring the safe reuse or discharge of treated wastewater is critical to achieving environmental sustainability, particularly in regions facing growing water stress. This study introduces a biological approach using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) biofilm formation as an indicator of treated wastewater quality from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Deep East Texas. Treated wastewater samples were collected from chlorine and sulfur dioxide treatment stages at WWTPs in Nacogdoches, San Augustine, and San Jacinto counties. We assessed biofilm development through optical density and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and evaluated changes in key anions (F, Cl, NO2, Br, NO3, PO43−, and SO42−) using ion chromatography (IC). A two-tailed Student’s t-test was used to evaluate statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05). Remarkably, biofilm formation occurred in all samples, including those treated with chemical disinfectants, suggesting that microbial activity can still occur post-disinfection. Ion shifts, particularly the depletion of F, NO3, and SO42− and the release of Cl, NO2, and PO43−, highlighted active microbial processes. These findings suggest that Bt biofilms can serve as sensitive, low-cost tools to monitor treated wastewater, offering critical insights into potential reuse risks and supporting more sustainable water management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Wastewater Management)
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