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Sustainability
Special Issues
Monitoring of Environmental Matrices: New Scenarios and Future Perspectives
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Monitoring of Environmental Matrices: New Scenarios and Future Perspectives

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sustainability and Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 4251

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Daniela Ducci

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Guest Editor
Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: environment; environmental impact assessment; environmental analysis; water quality; environmental management; spatial analysis; sustainability; climate change; water resources management; environmental pollution
Dr. Fabrizio Carteni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
Interests: mathematical modelling; system dynamics; vegetation dynamics; spatial patterns; plant-soil interactions
Dr. Luigi Rosati

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
Interests: developmental biology; cells biology; histology; environmental toxicology; citotoxicology; reproduction; endocrine disruptors; sexual hormones; testis; ovary; xenobiotic toxicity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Federica Dell’Acqua

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: climate adaptive design; green infrastructures; nature based solutions
Dr. Stefania Stevenazzi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: hydrogeology; groundwater vulnerability; environmental protection; urban hydrogeology; GIS and spatial analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are organizing a Special Issue of Sustainability entitled “Monitoring of Environmental Matrices: New Scenarios and Future Perspectives”. The venue is a peer-reviewed open-access journal that publishes articles and communications in the interdisciplinary area of sustainability. For detailed information on the journal, we refer you to https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability.

Environmental monitoring is a valuable tool to identify the sources and the extent of adverse effects and risks to ecosystems on issues related to the degradation of soil, air, water, flora and fauna. The environment is experiencing severe and rapid changes that will have far-reaching implications for resilient and sustainable development at local and global scales.  To achieve sustainable management of the environment, including urban environments, and preserve ecosystems at the same time by contrasting the impacts with appropriate solutions. To do this, it is critical to collect a wide spectrum of data (i.e., field or remote-sensed data) to obtain information on their quality and availability states and to measure the effectiveness of the interventions as well.

Therefore, this Special Issue welcomes papers highlighting the effectiveness and the challenges of monitoring activities in different fields. We believe that the scientific contributions from cultural fields of different origins are highly effective for the development and promotion of research and innovation in the conservation, protection, and requalification of the environment. In this context, we promote multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies on monitoring issues aimed at the prevention of environmental damages, the protection of ecosystems, the integrated and sustainable management of resources,  even focusing on strategies and actions for reducing climate change impacts, including the development of policies for land use governance. Moreover, the integrated monitoring activity by scientists of different backgrounds allows a better understanding of the response of the environment to multiple stressors.

This Special Issue is open to any subject area related to environmental monitoring of soil, air, water, flora and fauna. If you are uncertain about whether your paper fits into the scope of this Special Issue, please contact the Guest Editors.

Prof. Dr. Daniela Ducci
Dr. Fabrizio Carteni
Dr. Luigi Rosati
Dr. Federica Dell’Acqua
Dr. Stefania Stevenazzi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • air pollution
  • climate adaptation strategies
  • climate change
  • conservation of architectural resources
  • ecosystem vulnerability
  • environment
  • environmental design and indicators
  • environmental policies
  • environmental sustainability
  • flora and fauna degradation
  • land use and land cover
  • landscape modification
  • monitoring
  • multi-parametric and multi-matrix monitoring
  • multi-stressor
  • nature based solutions
  • remote sensing
  • responsive technologies
  • soil degradation and contamination
  • surface- and groundwater contamination

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 6551 KiB  
Article
Investigating Land Cover Changes and Their Impact on Land Surface Temperature in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
by Hammad Ul Hussan, Hua Li, Qinhuo Liu, Barjeece Bashir, Tian Hu and Shouyi Zhong
Sustainability 2024, 16(7), 2775; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072775 - 27 Mar 2024
Viewed by 692
Abstract
Restoration of degraded land is a significant concern in the 21st century in order to combat the impacts of climate change. For this reason, the provisional government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan, initialized a Billion Tree Tsunami Project (BTTP) in 2013 and finished [...] Read more.
Restoration of degraded land is a significant concern in the 21st century in order to combat the impacts of climate change. For this reason, the provisional government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan, initialized a Billion Tree Tsunami Project (BTTP) in 2013 and finished it in 2017. Although a few researchers have investigated the land use transitions under BTTP in the short term by merging all the vegetation types into one, analysis of the long-term benefits of the project and future persistence were missing. Furthermore, the previous studies have not discussed whether the prime objective of the BTTP was achieved. Considering the existing gaps, this research mainly involves analyzing (i) fluctuations in the green fraction by employing a land change modeler (LCM), along with the spatial location of gain-loss and exchange analysis using a high-resolution dataset (GLC30); (ii) forest cover changes under the influence of the BTTP; (iii) impacts of green fraction changes towards land surface temperature (LST) by utilizing the less-explored technique of curve fit linear regression modeling (CFLR); and finally, (iv) assessing the persistence of the NDVI and LST trends by employing the Hurst exponent. Research findings indicate that as an output of BTTP, despite the government’s claim of increasing the forest cover by 2%, a significant gain of grassland (3904.87 km2) was observed at the cost of bare land. In comparison, the overall increase in forest cover was only 0.39%, which does not satisfy the main objective of this project. On the other hand, the CFLRM-based actual contributions of land cover change (LCC) transition to LST indicate a significant decline in LST in the areas with gains in green fraction for both grassland and forest. At the same time, an increase was observed with reverse transitions. Although the results appear positive for climatic impacts in the short term, the HURST model-based persistence analysis revealed that the spatial locations of increasing vegetation and decreasing LST trends fall under the weakly persistent category, therefore these trends may not continue in the near future. Despite some positive impact on LST attributed to the green fraction increase, this project cannot be regarded as a complete success due to its failure to achieve its prime objective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring of Environmental Matrices: New Scenarios and Future Perspectives)
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22 pages, 20711 KiB  
Article
Relationships between Thermal Environment and Air Pollution of Seoul’s 25 Districts Using Vector Autoregressive Granger Causality
by Jeemin Youn, Hyungkyoo Kim and Jaekyung Lee
Sustainability 2023, 15(23), 16140; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316140 - 21 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 783
Abstract
Rising temperatures and heightened air pollution are widespread across many parts of the world today. Despite some initial attempts for analysis, the intricate interconnection between the two still requires further investigation. This study focuses on Seoul, South Korea, by adopting vector-autoregressive-based Granger causality [...] Read more.
Rising temperatures and heightened air pollution are widespread across many parts of the world today. Despite some initial attempts for analysis, the intricate interconnection between the two still requires further investigation. This study focuses on Seoul, South Korea, by adopting vector-autoregressive-based Granger causality tests to unravel the nuances of these relationships at the district level. While bidirectional Granger causality links between temperature and urban heat island intensity, as well as between PM10 concentration and urban pollution island intensity, are found in many cases, our findings reveal diverse causal relationships that are evident in the districts. These findings underscore the necessity for evidence-based strategies to guide planners and policymakers in addressing the challenges of rising temperatures and air pollution in urban areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring of Environmental Matrices: New Scenarios and Future Perspectives)
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16 pages, 9268 KiB  
Article
Geochemical and Isotopic Evidence for Investigating the Impacts of Landfills on Groundwater: A Case Study in the Campania Region (Southern Italy)
by Stefania Stevenazzi, Elena Del Gaudio, Domenico Ruggiero, Ciro D’Aniso, Anna Maria Patelli and Daniela Ducci
Sustainability 2023, 15(22), 15822; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215822 - 10 Nov 2023
Viewed by 575
Abstract
In this study, we present the hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical and isotopic characterisation and monitoring activity of a closed landfill located in the northern sector of the Phlegrean Fields groundwater body in the Campania Region (Southern Italy). The aim of the study is to distinguish [...] Read more.
In this study, we present the hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical and isotopic characterisation and monitoring activity of a closed landfill located in the northern sector of the Phlegrean Fields groundwater body in the Campania Region (Southern Italy). The aim of the study is to distinguish between natural enrichments (e.g., geogenic sources) and anthropogenic pressures (e.g., leakages from the landfill body) causing anomalously high concentrations of some metals (As, F, Fe, Mn) in groundwater. Major anions, cations, metals, water-stable isotopes, carbon isotopes and tritium were analysed. The results show that high As, F and Fe concentrations are due to adsorption–desorption processes occurring in the aquifer hosted in the volcanic rocks/deposits or the occurrence of upwelling hydrothermal fluids related to the volcanic activity of the Phlegrean Fields, which may cause metal mobilisation. High localised Mn concentrations cannot be solely related to natural processes or to groundwater contamination due to leachate leakage from the landfill body. Instead, we hypothesise a leakage from the landfill gas system. The outcomes of this study show the advantages of the coupled use of physico-chemical and isotopic analyses in improving the comprehension of geochemical processes in areas characterised by the presence of municipal landfills. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring of Environmental Matrices: New Scenarios and Future Perspectives)
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26 pages, 22833 KiB  
Article
Using PRISMA Hyperspectral Data for Land Cover Classification with Artificial Intelligence Support
by Gabriele Delogu, Eros Caputi, Miriam Perretta, Maria Nicolina Ripa and Lorenzo Boccia
Sustainability 2023, 15(18), 13786; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813786 - 15 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1483
Abstract
Hyperspectral satellite missions, such as PRISMA of the Italian Space Agency (ASI), have opened up new research opportunities. Using PRISMA data in land cover classification has yet to be fully explored, and it is the main focus of this paper. Historically, the main [...] Read more.
Hyperspectral satellite missions, such as PRISMA of the Italian Space Agency (ASI), have opened up new research opportunities. Using PRISMA data in land cover classification has yet to be fully explored, and it is the main focus of this paper. Historically, the main purposes of remote sensing have been to identify land cover types, to detect changes, and to determine the vegetation status of forest canopies or agricultural crops. The ability to achieve these goals can be improved by increasing spectral resolution. At the same time, improved AI algorithms open up new classification possibilities. This paper compares three supervised classification techniques for agricultural crop recognition using PRISMA data: random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN), and convolutional neural network (CNN). The study was carried out over an area of 900 km2 in the province of Caserta, Italy. The PRISMA HDF5 file, pre-processed by the ASI at the reflectance level (L2d), was converted to GeoTiff using a custom Python script to facilitate its management in Qgis. The Qgis plugin AVHYAS was used for classification tests. The results show that CNN gives better results in terms of overall accuracy (0.973), K coefficient (0.968), and F1 score (0.842). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring of Environmental Matrices: New Scenarios and Future Perspectives)
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