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Digital Twins in Regional Spatial Planning and Sustainable Urban Development

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Urban and Rural Development".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 22 June 2026 | Viewed by 1152

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Geodesy and Geomatics, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia
Interests: spatial information management; spatial data infrastructures; cadastre; land management, digital twins; geoinformatics; GIS and risk management

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Guest Editor
City Office for Economy, Environmental Sustainability and Strategic Planning, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: spatial information management; spatial planning; land development; strategic planning and smart city development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid advancement of digital technologies has transformed the way cities and regions are planned, managed, and developed. Among the most transformative innovations is the concept of Digital Twins—virtual replicas of physical assets, processes, or systems that allow for real-time data collection, simulation, and decision-making. The concept of Digital Twins has revolutionized various industries, and it is now playing an increasingly important role in regional spatial planning and sustainable urban development. In that context, it serves as a dynamic and interactive model that reflects the real-world environment of a region or a city, allowing planners, policymakers, and stakeholders to simulate, analyze, and optimize urban development and infrastructure planning in real-time.

Spatial planning is a process that involves the management of land, infrastructure, and resources within a specific area to promote sustainable and balanced development. Traditionally, this process has relied on static data and manual models, which often lack the capacity to simulate dynamic, real-world conditions. Digital Twins provide a modern alternative by creating interactive, real-time digital models that reflect the complexities of urban environments. In spatial planning, Digital Twins serve several important functions, such as real-time data integration, scenario modeling and simulation, improved collaboration and decision-making, sustainability, and resilience.

The focus of this Special Issue is to investigate the current concept of Digital Twins and how they actually support regional spatial planning and sustainable urban development. The main aim is to unite scientists and professionals in the field to present their research and ideas. This should ultimately provide new insights, understanding, and knowledge for future development.

Prof. Dr. Vlado Cetl
Dr. Darko Šiško
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • digital twin
  • regional and urban planning
  • sustainable urban development
  • urban simulation
  • 3D visualization
  • decision support
  • VR/AR
  • real-time data
  • Smart City
  • spatial information management
  • GIS and BIM integration
  • public participation
  • multi-stakeholder cooperation
  • urban and regional data collection

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 3208 KB  
Article
Integration of Digital Twin Technologies in Urban Regeneration of a Small Historic Town in Europe
by Boris Blagonić, Danko Markovinović, Hrvoje Matijević and Loris Redovniković
Sustainability 2025, 17(23), 10740; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172310740 - 1 Dec 2025
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Abstract
Digital twin technologies integrate data, models, and physical entities. The paper explores technologies applied in the Urban Digital Twin (UDT) to support Urban regeneration (UR), with a case study of the small historic town of Draguć in Istria, Croatia, Europe. The subject of [...] Read more.
Digital twin technologies integrate data, models, and physical entities. The paper explores technologies applied in the Urban Digital Twin (UDT) to support Urban regeneration (UR), with a case study of the small historic town of Draguć in Istria, Croatia, Europe. The subject of this research is to investigate and develop a digital twin model and to assess its usefulness in multidisciplinary applications for urban regeneration. The particularity of this scientific project lies in the application of multiple tools for 3D urban data collection and the modeling of this spatial information for its presentation and use, all aimed at spatial planning and sustainable urban development. The applied methods address a common challenge in projects aimed at establishing UDT. These methods encompass the integration of various technologies and tools (geodetic surveying, UAV photogrammetry, 3D laser scanning) for urban data collection, complemented by additional datasets from multiple sources. The results present an established UDT platform (environment) built upon the analyzed datasets relevant to urban regeneration. The urban matrix is displayed, together with buildings and their characteristics, cadastral data with ownership structure are analyzed, and a 3D city model has been generated. The proposed Urban Digital Twin model for the study area aims to facilitate, accelerate, and optimize urban regeneration, while also initiating integrated sustainable regeneration efforts for small historic towns. Full article
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17 pages, 20688 KB  
Article
A Determination of Suitable Zones for Settlements Based on Multi-Criteria Analysis: A Case Study of Goranci (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
by Nikola Kranjčić, Darko Šiško, Bojan Đurin and Vlado Cetl
Sustainability 2025, 17(23), 10508; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172310508 - 24 Nov 2025
Viewed by 234
Abstract
A UAV LiDAR dataset offers unparalleled possibilities for accurate topographic modeling and land suitability analysis in spatial planning. This study uses UAV LiDAR for high-resolution DSM and DTM modeling of the Goranci area in Bosnia and Herzegovina—a typical karst region with a complex [...] Read more.
A UAV LiDAR dataset offers unparalleled possibilities for accurate topographic modeling and land suitability analysis in spatial planning. This study uses UAV LiDAR for high-resolution DSM and DTM modeling of the Goranci area in Bosnia and Herzegovina—a typical karst region with a complex topographic pattern of sinkholes and varying solar access. Based on the dataset obtained with a UAV LiDAR system, this analysis encompasses a multidimensional spatial analysis that considers a set of topographic–morphometric, hydrological, and solar radiation criteria. A set of topographic derivatives, namely, slope layers; topographic position index layers (TPI); layers of terrain ruggedness index (TRI); layers of topographic wetness index (TWI), sky view factors (SVF), and layers of potential incoming solar radiation (PISR), was obtained for the DTM/DSM datasets and normalized for standard scales. The obtained criteria layers were then assigned specific values based on their relative importance using a multi-criteria decision analysis technique with a weighted linear combination procedure. A suitability index pinpointing gently sloping lands with adequate solar access and avoidance of moisture accumulation sinks can be recognized as the best-qualifying loci for habitation. The results show that about 30% of the area is highly or very highly suitable, primarily representing gently sloping, well-drained, and optimally solar-exposed plateau surfaces, potential locations with high ground elevation, and larger area sizes. Another 14% is moderately suited, and more than 50% is classified as unsuitable or excluded, primarily due to steep slopes, depressions, and/or missing coverage by LiDAR points, thereby underlining the decisive role of slope, solar conditions, and drainage conditions in determining land suitability for settlements. This study has proved that a UAV LiDAR dataset can be successfully paired with Open-Source GIS for a methodologically sound location of settlement zones that fit into the local environment while being environmentally friendly. This solution promotes informed spatial decision-making by utilizing topographic accuracy of a 3D landscape with a procedure of quantitative spatial reasoning for a more informed spatial planning. Full article
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