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Wireless Sensor Networks and IoT for Smart City
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Wireless Sensor Networks and IoT for Smart City

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Internet of Things".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 September 2024) | Viewed by 8454

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Konstantin Mikhaylov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Erkki Koiso-Kanttilan katu 3, 90014 Oulu, Finland
Interests: Internet of Things; machine-type communication technologies; multi-RAT connectivity; heterogeneous networks; low power wide area networks; wireless personal area connectivity; NB-IoT; LoRaWAN; BLE; 5G; IoT applications and use cases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Gianni Pasolini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
Interests: Internet of Things; heterogeneous networks; low power wide area networks; wireless personal area connectivity; LoRaWAN; IoT applications and use cases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Margot Deruyck

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Information Technology, IMEC-Ghent University-WAVES, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 126, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
Interests: (green) wireless network design; energy- and exposure-aware networking; 5G and beyond 5G networks; unmanned aerial networks; internet of animals; digital agriculture; machine learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As of today, more than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas and projections show that this trend will continue in the next decade, so cities are expected to absorb virtually all the future growth of the world’s population. This trend poses serious challenges to the implementation of an ambitious urban development agenda, aimed at making human settlements safe, healthy, sustainable and inclusive.

By leveraging information and communication technologies (ICT), as well as drones and metamaterials, smart cities promise to increase the efficiency of the use of physical infrastructures and resources, to learn and adapt more effectively to changing circumstances and to fruitfully engage with citizens in local governance and public utilities. In such a scenario, Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs), the Internet of Things (IoT), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and electromagnetic metasurfaces are, along with 5G and beyond, the most promising technologies to establish the nervous system of future reactive and proactive urban environments, aimed at improving the connectivity, collecting data to be processed and triggering actions as responses. These technologies are expected to be the founding pillars of Society 5.0, an ICT-enhanced people-centric smart community that targets both the resolution of societal challenges and economic prosperity.

This Special Issue aims at providing a snapshot of the status and progress of smart city technologies, discussing applications, use-cases, architectures, deployments, recent advances and findings from theoretical investigations and ongoing trials, as well as future trends. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • New paradigms, concepts and architectures for smart city WSANs and IoT;
  • 5G and mmWave connectivity for the future smart city;
  • Low-power wide-area technologies (LoRa, Sigfox, etc.);
  • Cellular-IoT technologies (NB-IoT, LTE Cat-M1);
  • Short range and high-throughput technologies (IEEE802.15.4, BLE, UWB, THz, etc.);
  • Other connectivity and beyond wireless technologies (backscatter, radars, wireless power transfer, etc.);
  • Applications and use-cases enabled by WSANs and IoT for smart cities (smart environments, smart roads, context-aware applications, etc.);
  • Heterogeneous (multi-RAT/multi-connectivity) IoT networks;
  • UAVs for data collection, security and coverage extension;
  • Metasurfaces for outdoor and indoor applications (antennas, reflectors, etc.);
  • IoT-enabled indoor revolutions: Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 in Smart Buildings;
  • Radio signal propagation and performance of radio access technologies in a city environment;
  • Management, security and privacy with respect to IoT data;
  • Social aspects of smart city IoT and interaction between humans and IoT machines;
  • Trials, testbeds and practical results.

Dr. Konstantin Mikhaylov
Dr. Gianni Pasolini
Dr. Margot Deruyck
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Internet of Things
  • wireless sensor and actuator networks
  • low power wide area networks
  • cellular-IoT technologies
  • 5G and beyond
  • unmanned aerial vehicles
  • electromagnetic metasurfaces

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 4530 KiB  
Article
Opportunistic Weather Sensing by Smart City Wireless Communication Networks
by Jonatan Ostrometzky and Hagit Messer
Sensors 2024, 24(24), 7901; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24247901 - 11 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 942
Abstract
This paper presents how the concept of opportunistic integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), focusing on weather sensing, is incorporated into wireless smart cities’ networks. The concept, first introduced in 2006, utilized standard signal level measurements from wireless backhaul cellular networks for rain monitoring. [...] Read more.
This paper presents how the concept of opportunistic integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), focusing on weather sensing, is incorporated into wireless smart cities’ networks. The concept, first introduced in 2006, utilized standard signal level measurements from wireless backhaul cellular networks for rain monitoring. Since then, it has expanded to include technologies like satellite communication and smart cities’ networks. Opportunistic ISAC (OISAC) for weather involves transforming communication networks into virtual sensors by interpreting the signal attenuation caused by environmental factors, such as rain. These virtual sensors form the sensing layer of an IoT system, with built-in connectivity. In this paper, we present the recent advancements in the field, emphasizing the potential of current and future smart cities’ wireless networks for accurate rainfall monitoring. We also demonstrate a test case in the city of Rehovot in Israel, where high spatiotemporal resolution rain maps produced via the OISAC paradigm significantly outperform the spatial resolution achieved by modern weather radars. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities in applying this concept. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Sensor Networks and IoT for Smart City)
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25 pages, 9887 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Assessment of Context-Adaptive Street Lighting: Technical Aspects, Economic Insights, and Measurements from Large-Scale, Long-Term Implementations
by Gianni Pasolini, Paolo Toppan, Andrea Toppan, Rudy Bandiera, Mirko Mirabella, Flavio Zabini, Diego Bonata and Oreste Andrisano
Sensors 2024, 24(18), 5942; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185942 - 13 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1642
Abstract
This paper addresses the growing importance of efficient street lighting management, driven by rising electricity costs and the need for municipalities to implement cost-effective solutions. Central to this study is the UNI 11248 Italian regulation, which extends the European EN 13201-1 standard introduced [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the growing importance of efficient street lighting management, driven by rising electricity costs and the need for municipalities to implement cost-effective solutions. Central to this study is the UNI 11248 Italian regulation, which extends the European EN 13201-1 standard introduced in 2016. These standards provide guidelines for designing, installing, operating, and maintaining lighting systems in pedestrian and vehicular traffic areas. Specifically, the UNI 11248 standard introduces the possibility to dynamically adjust light intensity through two alternative operating modes: (a) Traffic Adaptive Installation (TAI), which dims the light based solely on real-time traffic flow measurements; and (b) Full Adaptive Installation (FAI), which, in addition to traffic measurements, also requires evaluating road surface luminance and meteorological conditions. In this paper, we first present the general architecture and operation of an FAI-enabled lighting infrastructure, which relies on environmental sensors and a heterogeneous wireless communication network to connect intelligent, remotely controlled streetlights. Subsequently, we examine large-scale, in-field FAI infrastructures deployed in Vietnam and Italy as case studies, providing substantial measurement data. The paper offers insights into the measured energy consumption of these infrastructures, comparing them to that of conventional light-control strategies used in traditional installations. The measurements demonstrate the superiority of FAI as the most efficient solution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Sensor Networks and IoT for Smart City)
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26 pages, 7410 KiB  
Article
Design of a Technique for Accelerating the WSN Convergence Process
by Jozef Papan, Ivana Bridova and Adam Filipko
Sensors 2023, 23(21), 8682; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23218682 - 24 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1158
Abstract
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network that monitors the physical environment using small and energy-efficient sensor devices. The wide application of WSNs has caused them to be used in critical applications that require a quick response, even at the cost of [...] Read more.
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network that monitors the physical environment using small and energy-efficient sensor devices. The wide application of WSNs has caused them to be used in critical applications that require a quick response, even at the cost of higher consumption. In recent years, Fast Reroute (FRR) technology has been developed, which accelerates network recovery after line or node failure. This technology plays an important role in connection recovery and data recovery, which helps speed up detection and redirect traffic. In our work, we created a new modification of the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol, where we added the fast detection of link failure used in the FRR area. This modification rapidly increased connection recovery time and was tested in the OMNET++ simulation environment. The modification was implemented based on an additional RFC 5880 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) module, which speeds up failure detection by sending quick “Hello” messages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Sensor Networks and IoT for Smart City)
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Other

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27 pages, 6862 KiB  
Systematic Review
Operability of Smart Spaces in Urban Environments: A Systematic Review on Enhancing Functionality and User Experience
by Emeka Ndaguba, Jua Cilliers, Sumita Ghosh, Shanaka Herath and Eveline Tancredo Mussi
Sensors 2023, 23(15), 6938; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156938 - 4 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3847
Abstract
This literature review highlights the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the proliferation of connected devices as the driving force behind the adoption of smart spaces. This review also discusses the various applications of smart spaces, including smart homes, smart cities, [...] Read more.
This literature review highlights the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the proliferation of connected devices as the driving force behind the adoption of smart spaces. This review also discusses the various applications of smart spaces, including smart homes, smart cities, and smart healthcare: (1) Background: the aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview of the concept of smart spaces, including their key features, technologies, and applications in built environments and urban areas; (2) Methods: The study adopts a qualitative approach, drawing on secondary sources, such as academic journals, reports, and online sources; (3) Results: The findings suggest that smart spaces have the potential to transform the way people interact with their environment and each other. They could improve efficiency, safety, and quality of life. However, there are also concerns about privacy and security in relation to the collection and use of personal data; (4) Conclusions: The study concludes that smart spaces have significant theoretical and practical implications for various fields, including architecture, urban planning, and healthcare. The theoretical implications include the need for new models and frameworks to understand the complex relationships between technology, space, and society. The practical implications involve the development of new standards and regulations to ensure the responsible and ethical use of smart spaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Sensor Networks and IoT for Smart City)
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