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New Trends in Biometric Sensing and Information Processing
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New Trends in Biometric Sensing and Information Processing

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Intelligent Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2025 | Viewed by 10070

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Liaojun Pang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Interests: biometrics and encryption; network and information security; computer forensics
Dr. Zhicheng Cao
*
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Interests: biometrics; machine learning; computer vision; intelligent medical instrumentation
* Asst. Prof. Dr.
Prof. Dr. Natalia Schmid

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
Interests: detection and estimation; statistical signal processing; biometrics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biometrics is a fast-expanding and continuously evolving technology of the twenty-first century. Recent successes in electronics and computing stimulated the emergence of new sensing technologies, which in turn further expanded and accelerated the evolution of the already fast-growing field of biometrics. New sensors, modalities, algorithms, systems, and applications are bound to extend the current biometric technology to a future that will witness unprecedented identification performance, universality, reliability, privacy and security. 

The scope of this Special Issue includes emerging trends and recent advances in sensing-related technologies in application to biometrics. We suggest the following topics as the main research and development venues for this Special Issue.

- New sensor technologies with application to biometrics;

- Wireless sensor networks for biometrics;

- Internet of Things in application to biometrics;

- New imaging modalities and technologies for biometrics;

- New information processing methods for biometrics;

- New machine learning algorithms for biometrics;

- New systems and instruments for biometrics;

- New applications of biometric sensing technologies;

- Other emerging sensing technologies for biometrics.

Prof. Dr. Liaojun Pang
Dr. Zhicheng Cao
Prof. Dr. Natalia Schmid
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biometric modalities
  • sensing
  • signal processing
  • authentication and recognition
  • machine learning
  • deep learning
  • security
  • privacy

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 7986 KiB  
Article
Employing Eye Trackers to Reduce Nuisance Alarms
by Katherine Herdt, Michael Hildebrandt, Katya LeBlanc and Nathan Lau
Sensors 2025, 25(9), 2635; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25092635 - 22 Apr 2025
Viewed by 274
Abstract
When process operators anticipate an alarm prior to its annunciation, that alarm loses information value and becomes a nuisance. This study investigated using eye trackers to measure and adjust the salience of alarms with three methods of gaze-based acknowledgement (GBA) of alarms that [...] Read more.
When process operators anticipate an alarm prior to its annunciation, that alarm loses information value and becomes a nuisance. This study investigated using eye trackers to measure and adjust the salience of alarms with three methods of gaze-based acknowledgement (GBA) of alarms that estimate operator anticipation. When these methods detected possible alarm anticipation, the alarm’s audio and visual salience was reduced. A total of 24 engineering students (male = 14, female = 10) aged between 18 and 45 were recruited to predict alarms and control a process parameter in three scenario types (parameter near threshold, trending, or fluctuating). The study evaluated whether behaviors of the monitored parameter affected how frequently the three GBA methods were utilized and whether reducing alarm salience improved control task performance. The results did not show significant task improvement with any GBA methods (F(3,69) = 1.357, p = 0.263, partial η2 = 0.056). However, the scenario type affected which GBA method was more utilized (X2 (2, N = 432) = 30.147, p < 0.001). Alarm prediction hits with gaze-based acknowledgements coincided more frequently than alarm prediction hits without gaze-based acknowledgements (X2 (1, N = 432) = 23.802, p < 0.001, OR = 3.877, 95% CI 2.25–6.68, p < 0.05). Participant ratings indicated an overall preference for the three GBA methods over a standard alarm design (F(3,63) = 3.745, p = 0.015, partial η2 = 0.151). This study provides empirical evidence for the potential of eye tracking in alarm management but highlights the need for additional research to increase validity for inferring alarm anticipation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Biometric Sensing and Information Processing)
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14 pages, 8317 KiB  
Article
Exposing Face Manipulation Based on Generative Adversarial Network–Transformer and Fake Frequency Noise Traces
by Qiaoyue Man and Young-Im Cho
Sensors 2025, 25(5), 1435; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25051435 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 393
Abstract
In recent years, with the application of GANs and diffusion generative network algorithms, many highly realistic synthetic images are emerging, greatly increasing the potential for misuse, and deepfakes have become a serious social concern. To cope with indistinguishable deep forgery face images, this [...] Read more.
In recent years, with the application of GANs and diffusion generative network algorithms, many highly realistic synthetic images are emerging, greatly increasing the potential for misuse, and deepfakes have become a serious social concern. To cope with indistinguishable deep forgery face images, this paper proposes a novel detection network with a generative adversarial network (GAN) and transformer as the main architectures. It adds frequency domain analysis and noise detection prediction modules. In the proposed model in which GAN is used to capture local forgery, artifacts and transformers are used to model global dependencies and predict anomalies in the forged images using frequency domain and noise information; the framework enhances the detection of subtle and diverse deep forgery patterns. Experiments on benchmark datasets show that the proposed method achieves higher accuracy and robustness compared to existing methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Biometric Sensing and Information Processing)
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20 pages, 1150 KiB  
Article
MPSA-Conformer-CTC/Attention: A High-Accuracy, Low-Complexity End-to-End Approach for Tibetan Speech Recognition
by Changlin Wu, Huihui Sun, Kaifeng Huang and Long Wu
Sensors 2024, 24(21), 6824; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24216824 - 24 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1149
Abstract
This study addresses the challenges of low accuracy and high computational demands in Tibetan speech recognition by investigating the application of end-to-end networks. We propose a decoding strategy that integrates Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) and Attention mechanisms, capitalizing on the benefits of automatic [...] Read more.
This study addresses the challenges of low accuracy and high computational demands in Tibetan speech recognition by investigating the application of end-to-end networks. We propose a decoding strategy that integrates Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) and Attention mechanisms, capitalizing on the benefits of automatic alignment and attention weight extraction. The Conformer architecture is utilized as the encoder, leading to the development of the Conformer-CTC/Attention model. This model first extracts global features from the speech signal using the Conformer, followed by joint decoding of these features through CTC and Attention mechanisms. To mitigate convergence issues during training, particularly with longer input feature sequences, we introduce a Probabilistic Sparse Attention mechanism within the joint CTC/Attention framework. Additionally, we implement a maximum entropy optimization algorithm for CTC, effectively addressing challenges such as increased path counts, spike distributions, and local optima during training. We designate the proposed method as the MaxEnt-Optimized Probabilistic Sparse Attention Conformer-CTC/Attention Model (MPSA-Conformer-CTC/Attention). Experimental results indicate that our improved model achieves a word error rate reduction of 10.68% and 9.57% on self-constructed and open-source Tibetan datasets, respectively, compared to the baseline model. Furthermore, the enhanced model not only reduces memory consumption and training time but also improves generalization capability and accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Biometric Sensing and Information Processing)
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21 pages, 871 KiB  
Article
HyperFace: A Deep Fusion Model for Hyperspectral Face Recognition
by Wenlong Li, Xi Cen, Liaojun Pang and Zhicheng Cao
Sensors 2024, 24(9), 2785; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24092785 - 27 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1828
Abstract
Face recognition has been well studied under visible light and infrared (IR) in both intra-spectral and cross-spectral cases. However, how to fuse different light bands for face recognition, i.e., hyperspectral face recognition, is still an open research problem, which has the advantages of [...] Read more.
Face recognition has been well studied under visible light and infrared (IR) in both intra-spectral and cross-spectral cases. However, how to fuse different light bands for face recognition, i.e., hyperspectral face recognition, is still an open research problem, which has the advantages of richer information retention and all-weather functionality over single-band face recognition. Thus, in this research, we revisit the hyperspectral recognition problem and provide a deep learning-based approach. A new fusion model (named HyperFace) is proposed to address this problem. The proposed model features a pre-fusion scheme, a Siamese encoder with bi-scope residual dense learning, a feedback-style decoder, and a recognition-oriented composite loss function. Experiments demonstrate that our method yields a much higher recognition rate than face recognition using only visible light or IR data. Moreover, our fusion model is shown to be superior to other general-purpose image fusion methods that are either traditional or deep learning-based, including state-of-the-art methods, in terms of both image quality and recognition performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Biometric Sensing and Information Processing)
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11 pages, 2095 KiB  
Communication
Enhancing Resilience in Biometric Research: Generation of 3D Synthetic Face Data Using Advanced 3D Character Creation Techniques from High-Fidelity Video Games and Animation
by Florian Erwin Blümel, Mathias Schulz, Ralph Breithaupt, Norbert Jung and Robert Lange
Sensors 2024, 24(9), 2750; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24092750 - 25 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1626
Abstract
Biometric authentication plays a vital role in various everyday applications with increasing demands for reliability and security. However, the use of real biometric data for research raises privacy concerns and data scarcity issues. A promising approach using synthetic biometric data to address the [...] Read more.
Biometric authentication plays a vital role in various everyday applications with increasing demands for reliability and security. However, the use of real biometric data for research raises privacy concerns and data scarcity issues. A promising approach using synthetic biometric data to address the resulting unbalanced representation and bias, as well as the limited availability of diverse datasets for the development and evaluation of biometric systems, has emerged. Methods for a parameterized generation of highly realistic synthetic data are emerging and the necessary quality metrics to prove that synthetic data can compare to real data are open research tasks. The generation of 3D synthetic face data using game engines’ capabilities of generating varied realistic virtual characters is explored as a possible alternative for generating synthetic face data while maintaining reproducibility and ground truth, as opposed to other creation methods. While synthetic data offer several benefits, including improved resilience against data privacy concerns, the limitations and challenges associated with their usage are addressed. Our work shows concurrent behavior in comparing semi-synthetic data as a digital representation of a real identity with their real datasets. Despite slight asymmetrical performance in comparison with a larger database of real samples, a promising performance in face data authentication is shown, which lays the foundation for further investigations with digital avatars and the creation and analysis of fully synthetic data. Future directions for improving synthetic biometric data generation and their impact on advancing biometrics research are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Biometric Sensing and Information Processing)
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16 pages, 3578 KiB  
Article
LFLDNet: Lightweight Fingerprint Liveness Detection Based on ResNet and Transformer
by Kang Zhang, Shu Huang, Eryun Liu and Heng Zhao
Sensors 2023, 23(15), 6854; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156854 - 1 Aug 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3453
Abstract
With the rapid development of fingerprint recognition systems, fingerprint liveness detection is gradually becoming regarded as the main countermeasure to protect the fingerprint identification system from spoofing attacks. Convolutional neural networks have shown great potential in fingerprint liveness detection. However, the generalization ability [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of fingerprint recognition systems, fingerprint liveness detection is gradually becoming regarded as the main countermeasure to protect the fingerprint identification system from spoofing attacks. Convolutional neural networks have shown great potential in fingerprint liveness detection. However, the generalization ability of the deep network model for unknown materials, and the computational complexity of the network, need to be further improved. A new lightweight fingerprint liveness detection network is here proposed to distinguish fake fingerprints from real ones. The method includes mainly foreground extraction, fingerprint image blocking, style transfer based on CycleGan and an improved ResNet with multi-head self-attention mechanism. The proposed method can effectively extract ROI and obtain the end-to-end data structure, which increases the amount of data. For false fingerprints generated from unknown materials, the use of CycleGan network improves the model generalization ability. The introduction of Transformer with MHSA in the improved ResNet improves detection performance and reduces computing overhead. Experiments on the LivDet2011, LivDet2013 and LivDet2015 datasets showed that the proposed method achieves good results. For example, on the LivDet2015 dataset, our methods achieved an average classification error of 1.72 across all sensors, while significantly reducing network parameters, and the overall parameter number was only 0.83 M. At the same time, the experiment on small-area fingerprints yielded an accuracy of 95.27%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Biometric Sensing and Information Processing)
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