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Smart Healthcare 4.0: AI, Quantum Computing, and Real-Time Biomedical Monitoring

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Intelligent Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 736

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Chung-Li, Taiwan
Interests: intelligent analysis and control in industrial processes; bio-signal processing; anesthesia monitoring and control; pain model and control; medical automation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Anesthesiology, En Chu Kong Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Interests: pediatric anesthesia and pain management; airway management; anesthesia for liver transplantation; anesthetic automatic control

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Guest Editor
School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
Interests: computational intelligence emphasizing on fuzzy systems; deep learning; evolutionary algorithms; hybrid machine learning techniques; ambient intelligence; pervasive computing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The assimilation of quantum computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and edge computing into healthcare 4.0 will transform real-time biomedical monitoring, diagnostics, and clinical decision-making. Conventional healthcare systems face challenges in processing vast physiological datasets, handling non-stationary biosignals, and ensuring real-time responsiveness in critical applications such as neurophysiological monitoring, cardiovascular diagnostics, and anesthesia depth estimation. Quantum-accelerated AI frameworks offer a paradigm shift by enhancing biomedical signal processing, feature extraction, and classification through quantum variational circuits, hybrid quantum-classical models, and quantum-enhanced deep learning.

This Special Issue invites pioneering research on quantum-driven AI methodologies for real-time biomedical monitoring, covering areas such as quantum-assisted physiological sensor (EEG and ECG, etc.) analytics, variational quantum circuits for biosignal denoising, quantum-enhanced Fourier transforms for spectral decomposition and quantum Boltzmann machines for disease classification. Additionally, the role of IoT-enabled intelligent sensors, federated learning, fog computing, and edge AI will be explored to develop autonomous, self-adaptive, and energy-efficient healthcare monitoring solutions. By harnessing quantum speedup and AI-driven predictive analytics, this research aims to establish precision-driven, real-time, and adaptive biomedical monitoring systems, revolutionizing healthcare delivery in the era of Smart Healthcare 4.0. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

  • Monitoring physiological and pathological signals;
  • Personalized healthcare of wearable sensing systems;
  • Gerontechnologies for assistive support systems;
  • Telemedicine and disease monitoring;
  • Biomedical adaptative control systems;
  • Edge computing and distributed AI powered medical systems;
  • Large scale data processing for health informatics.

Prof. Dr. Jiann-Shing Shieh
Dr. Shou-Zen Fan
Dr. Faiyaz Doctor
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • artificial intelligence in healthcare
  • quantum computing in medicine
  • real-time biomedical monitoring
  • ai-driven diagnosis and therapy
  • precision medicine technologies
  • biomedical signal processing
  • healthcare data analytics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 2208 KiB  
Article
A Novel Framework for Quantum-Enhanced Federated Learning with Edge Computing for Advanced Pain Assessment Using ECG Signals via Continuous Wavelet Transform Images
by Madankumar Balasubramani, Monisha Srinivasan, Wei-Horng Jean, Shou-Zen Fan and Jiann-Shing Shieh
Sensors 2025, 25(5), 1436; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25051436 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 600
Abstract
Our research introduces a framework that integrates edge computing, quantum transfer learning, and federated learning to revolutionize pain level assessment through ECG signal analysis. The primary focus lies in developing a robust, privacy-preserving system that accurately classifies pain levels (low, medium, and high) [...] Read more.
Our research introduces a framework that integrates edge computing, quantum transfer learning, and federated learning to revolutionize pain level assessment through ECG signal analysis. The primary focus lies in developing a robust, privacy-preserving system that accurately classifies pain levels (low, medium, and high) by leveraging the intricate relationship between pain perception and autonomic nervous system responses captured in ECG signals. At the heart of our methodology lies a signal processing approach that transforms one-dimensional ECG signals into rich, two-dimensional Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) images. These transformations capture both temporal and frequency characteristics of pain-induced cardiac variations, providing a comprehensive representation of autonomic nervous system responses to different pain intensities. Our framework processes these CWT images through a sophisticated quantum–classical hybrid architecture, where edge devices perform initial preprocessing and feature extraction while maintaining data privacy. The cornerstone of our system is a Quantum Convolutional Hybrid Neural Network (QCHNN) that harnesses quantum entanglement properties to enhance feature detection and classification robustness. This quantum-enhanced approach is seamlessly integrated into a federated learning framework, allowing distributed training across multiple healthcare facilities while preserving patient privacy through secure aggregation protocols. The QCHNN demonstrated remarkable performance, achieving a classification accuracy of 94.8% in pain level assessment, significantly outperforming traditional machine learning approaches. Full article
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