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Design and Applications of Magnetic Sensors

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2021) | Viewed by 13007

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Prof. Dr. Seoksoo Yoon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Physics Department, Andong Natuional University, 1375 Gyeongdong-Ro, Andong, GyeongSangBuk-Do, 36729, Korea
Interests: magnetic sensors; geomangetic sensors; magnetic biosensors; signal conditioning circuits

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent R&D on magnetic sensors has opened up a new application area of biomedicine and vital signal monitoring. As for performing these applications, the enhancement of sensor sensitivity is a crucial factor, which has been improved mostly through the development of materials like magnetoresistance (MR) effects in magnetic multilayers, and electronic and measurement technologies for the noise reduction and effective signal acquisition. Herein, magnetic sensors successfully demonstrate the molecular diagnosis with the help of magnetic particle labels, and biomagnetic signal detection from human organs. Here, these technology demonstrations indicated that biosensing sub-systems/systems with MR sensors were validated in operational environments, in addition to SQUID system.

This Special Issue aims at bringing together contributions from researchers and engineers who could greatly benefit from these biomedical applications and advanced sensors technologies. The focus is on the latest developments and applications of magnetic sensors on magnetic biochip and sensing systems for vital signal monitoring of organs. Papers devoted to overviews of the evolution of biomagnetism advanced sensor technologies are also welcome in original and review article format.

Prof. CheolGi Kim
Prof. Seoksoo Yoon
Guest Editors

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Keywords

advanced integrated electronics
biomagnetism
biochip
biomedicine
cardiovascular signal
electromagnetic vital signals
flexible sensor
high resolution sensor
magnetocardiography
neuro-signals
magnetic sensors
biomangetic sensor
biosensor
vital signal monitoring
magnetoresistance
SQUID

Published Papers (4 papers)

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21 pages, 5779 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Operational Parameters for Sub-Nano Tesla Field Resolution of PHMR Sensors in Harsh Environments

by Taehyeong Jeon, Proloy Taran Das, Mijin Kim, Changyeop Jeon, Byeonghwa Lim, Ivan Soldatov and CheolGi Kim

Sensors 2021, 21(20), 6891; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206891 - 18 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2704

Abstract

The resolution of planar-Hall magnetoresistive (PHMR) sensors was investigated in the frequency range from 0.5 Hz to 200 Hz in terms of its sensitivity, average noise level, and detectivity. Analysis of the sensor sensitivity and voltage noise response was performed by varying operational parameters such as sensor geometrical architectures, sensor configurations, sensing currents, and temperature. All the measurements of PHMR sensors were carried out under both constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) modes. In the present study, Barkhausen noise was revealed in 1/f noise component and found less significant in the PHMR sensor configuration. Under measured noise spectral density at optimized conditions, the best magnetic field detectivity was achieved better than 550 pT/√Hz at 100 Hz and close to 1.1 nT/√Hz at 10 Hz for a tri-layer multi-ring PHMR sensor in an unshielded environment. Furthermore, the promising feasibility and possible routes for further improvement of the sensor resolution are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Applications of Magnetic Sensors)

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12 pages, 22346 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clusters of Spin Valve Sensors in 3D Magnetic Field of a Label

by Georgy V. Babaytsev, Nikolay G. Chechenin, Irina O. Dzhun, Mikhail G. Kozin, Alexey V. Makunin and Irina L. Romashkina

Sensors 2021, 21(11), 3595; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113595 - 21 May 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1839

Abstract

Magnetic field sensors based on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect have a number of practical current and future applications. We report on a modeling of the magnetoresistive response of moving spin-valve (SV) GMR sensors combined in certain cluster networks to an inhomogeneous magnetic field of a label. We predicted a large variety of sensor responses dependent on the number of sensors in the cluster, their types of interconnections, the orientation of the cluster, and the trajectory of sensor motion relative to the label. The model included a specific shape of the label, producing an inhomogeneous magnetic field. The results can be used for the optimal design of positioning devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Applications of Magnetic Sensors)

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13 pages, 4348 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Bridge Resistance Compensation for Noise Reduction in a Self-Balanced PHMR Sensor

by Jaehoon Lee, Changyeop Jeon, Taehyeong Jeon, Proloy Taran Das, Yongho Lee, Byeonghwa Lim and CheolGi Kim

Sensors 2021, 21(11), 3585; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113585 - 21 May 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3166

Abstract

Advanced microelectromechanical system (MEMS) magnetic field sensor applications demand ultra-high detectivity down to the low magnetic fields. To enhance the detection limit of the magnetic sensor, a resistance compensator integrated self-balanced bridge type sensor was devised for low-frequency noise reduction in the frequency range of 0.5 Hz to 200 Hz. The self-balanced bridge sensor was a NiFe (10 nm)/IrMn (10 nm) bilayer structure in the framework of planar Hall magnetoresistance (PHMR) technology. The proposed resistance compensator integrated with a self-bridge sensor architecture presented a compact and cheaper alternative to marketable MEMS MR sensors, adjusting the offset voltage compensation at the wafer level, and led to substantial improvement in the sensor noise level. Moreover, the sensor noise components of electronic and magnetic origin were identified by measuring the sensor noise spectral density as a function of temperature and operating power. The lowest achievable noise in this device architecture was estimated at ~3.34

nV / \sqrt{Hz}

at 100 Hz. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Applications of Magnetic Sensors)

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13 pages, 9248 KiB

Open AccessLetter

Characterization and Miniaturization of Silver-Nanoparticle Microcoil via Aerosol Jet Printing Techniques for Micromagnetic Cochlear Stimulation

by Ressa Reneth Sarreal and Pamela Bhatti

Sensors 2020, 20(21), 6087; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20216087 - 26 Oct 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4498

Abstract

According to the National Institute of Deafness and other Communication Disorders 2012 report, the number of cochlear implant (CI) users is steadily increasing from 324,000 CI users worldwide. The cochlea, located in the inner ear, is a snail-like structure that exhibits a tonotopic geometry where acoustic waves are filtered spatially according to frequency. Throughout the cochlea, there exist hair cells that transduce sensed acoustic waves into an electrical signal that is carried by the auditory nerve to ultimately reach the auditory cortex of the brain. A cochlear implant bridges the gap if non-functional hair cells are present. Conventional CIs directly inject an electrical current into surrounding tissue via an implanted electrode array and exploit the frequency-to-place mapping of the cochlea. However, the current is dispersed in perilymph, a conductive bodily fluid within the cochlea, causing a spread of excitation. Magnetic fields are more impervious to the effects of the cochlear environment due to the material properties of perilymph and surrounding tissue, demonstrating potential to improve precision. As an alternative to conventional CI electrodes, the development and miniaturization of microcoils intended for micromagnetic stimulation of intracochlear neural elements is described. As a step toward realizing a microcoil array sized for cochlear implantation, human-sized coils were prototyped via aerosol jet printing. The batch reproducible aerosol jet printed microcoils have a diameter of 1800

μ

m, trace width and trace spacing of 112.5

μ

m, 12

μ

m thickness, and inductance values of approximately 15.5 nH. Modelling results indicate that the coils have a combined depolarization–hyperpolarization region that spans 1.5 mm and produce a more restrictive spread of activation when compared with conventional CI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Applications of Magnetic Sensors)

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