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Advanced Nanomaterials for Sensing
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Advanced Nanomaterials for Sensing

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 8377

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Navpreet Kaur

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Sensor Laboratory, University of Brescia and INSTM UdR Brescia, Via D. Valotti 9, 25133 Brescia, Italy
Interests: metal oxide; nanostructures; heterostructures; gas/chemical sensors; self-assemble monolayer; graphene oxide
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mandeep Singh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, Politecnico Di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
Interests: metal oxide; nanostructures; gas/chemical sensors; biosensor; self-assemble monolayer; graphene oxide

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advanced nanomaterials (organic or inorganic), such as graphene, 2D carbides and nitrides (MXenes), metal–organic framework (MOF), nano-heterostructures (core–shell, 3D branch-like, etc.) and so on, represent an ultrasensitive platform for developing next-generation sensing devices. In particular, their unique functional properties, such as high surface-to-volume ratio, porosity and exceptional physical/chemical properties, allow the selective detection of various chemical analytes, such as VOCs, environmental pollutants, biomolecules, etc. This Special Issue focuses on the synthesis, characterization and exploration of the functional properties of these advanced nanostructured materials for sensing applications. Moreover, the reports on novel strategies (surface functionalization, metal particle decorations, doping, etc.) that are used to enhance the performance of traditional sensing materials, such as nanostructured metal oxides, are also welcome.

Dr. Navpreet Kaur
Dr. Mandeep Singh
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • gas sensors
  • biosensors
  • optical sensors
  • metal oxides
  • nanostructures
  • graphene
  • metal–organic framework (MOF)
  • MXenes
  • heterostructures
  • core–shell structures
  • self-assembly

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4327 KiB  
Article
ZnO/MOx Nanofiber Heterostructures: MOx Receptor’s Role in Gas Detection
by Vadim Platonov, Oleg Sinyashin and Marina Rumyantseva
Sensors 2025, 25(2), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020376 - 10 Jan 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 658
Abstract
ZnO/MOx (M = FeIII, CoII,III, NiII, SnIV, InIII, GaIII; [M]/([Zn] + [M]) = 15 mol%) nanofiber heterostructures were obtained by co-electrospinning and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and [...] Read more.
ZnO/MOx (M = FeIII, CoII,III, NiII, SnIV, InIII, GaIII; [M]/([Zn] + [M]) = 15 mol%) nanofiber heterostructures were obtained by co-electrospinning and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The sensor properties of ZnO and ZnO/MOx nanofibers were studied toward reducing gases CO (20 ppm), methanol (20 ppm), acetone (20 ppm), and oxidizing gas NO2 (1 ppm) in dry air. It was demonstrated that the temperature of the maximum sensor response of ZnO/MOx nanofibers toward reducing gases is primarily influenced by the binding energy of chemisorbed oxygen with the surface of the modifier’s oxides. When detecting oxidizing gas NO2, high sensitivity at a low measurement temperature can be achieved with a high concentration of free electrons in the near-surface layer of zinc oxide grains, which is determined by the band bending at the ZnO/MOx interface characterized by the difference in the electron work function of ZnO and MOx. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Sensing)
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14 pages, 7130 KiB  
Article
ZnO Nanowires/Self-Assembled Monolayer Mediated Selective Detection of Hydrogen
by Mandeep Singh, Navpreet Kaur and Elisabetta Comini
Sensors 2024, 24(21), 7011; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24217011 - 31 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1251
Abstract
We are proposing a novel self-assembled monolayer (SAM) functionalized ZnO nanowires (NWs)-based conductometric sensor for the selective detection of hydrogen (H2). The modulation of the surface electron density of ZnO NWs due to the presence of negatively charged terminal amine groups [...] Read more.
We are proposing a novel self-assembled monolayer (SAM) functionalized ZnO nanowires (NWs)-based conductometric sensor for the selective detection of hydrogen (H2). The modulation of the surface electron density of ZnO NWs due to the presence of negatively charged terminal amine groups (−NH2) of monolayers leads to an enhanced electron donation from H2 to ZnO NWs. This, in turn, increases the relative change in the conductance (response) of functionalized ZnO NWs as compared to bare ones. In contrast, the sensing mechanism of bare ZnO NWs is determined by the chemisorbed oxygen ions. The functionalized ZnO NWs exhibit an eight times higher response compared to bare ZnO NWs at an optimal working temperature of 200 °C. Finally, in comparison to studies in the literature involving strategies to enhance the sensing performance of metal oxides toward H2, like decoration with metal nanoparticles, heterostructures, and functionalization with a metal–organic framework, etc., SAM functionalization showed superior sensing results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Sensing)
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Review

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36 pages, 6919 KiB  
Review
Research Progress of MEMS Gas Sensors: A Comprehensive Review of Sensing Materials
by Yingjun Wu, Ming Lei and Xiaohong Xia
Sensors 2024, 24(24), 8125; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24248125 - 19 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2735
Abstract
The MEMS gas sensor is one of the most promising gas sensors nowadays due to its advantage of small size, low power consumption, and easy integration. It has been widely applied in energy components, portable devices, smart living, etc. The performance of the [...] Read more.
The MEMS gas sensor is one of the most promising gas sensors nowadays due to its advantage of small size, low power consumption, and easy integration. It has been widely applied in energy components, portable devices, smart living, etc. The performance of the gas sensor is largely determined by the sensing materials, as well as the fabrication methods. In this review, recent research progress on H2, CO, NO2, H2S, and NH3 MEMS sensors is surveyed, and sensing materials such as metal oxide semiconductors, organic materials, and carbon materials, modification methods like construction of heterostructures, doping, and surface modification of noble metals, and fabrication methods including chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sputtering deposition (SD), etc., are summarized. The effect of materials and technology on the performance of the MEMS gas sensors are compared. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Sensing)
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25 pages, 21443 KiB  
Review
Disclosing Fast Detection Opportunities with Nanostructured Chemiresistor Gas Sensors Based on Metal Oxides, Carbon, and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
by Michele Galvani, Sonia Freddi and Luigi Sangaletti
Sensors 2024, 24(2), 584; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020584 - 17 Jan 2024
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2266
Abstract
With the emergence of novel sensing materials and the increasing opportunities to address safety and life quality priorities of our society, gas sensing is experiencing an outstanding growth. Among the characteristics required to assess performances, the overall speed of response and recovery is [...] Read more.
With the emergence of novel sensing materials and the increasing opportunities to address safety and life quality priorities of our society, gas sensing is experiencing an outstanding growth. Among the characteristics required to assess performances, the overall speed of response and recovery is adding to the well-established stability, selectivity, and sensitivity features. In this review, we focus on fast detection with chemiresistor gas sensors, focusing on both response time and recovery time that characterize their dynamical response. We consider three classes of sensing materials operating in a chemiresistor architecture, exposed to the most investigated pollutants, such as NH3, NO2, H2S, H2, ethanol, and acetone. Among sensing materials, we first selected nanostructured metal oxides, which are by far the most used chemiresistors and can provide a solid ground for performance improvement. Then, we selected nanostructured carbon sensing layers (carbon nanotubes, graphene, and reduced graphene), which represent a promising class of materials that can operate at room temperature and offer many possibilities to increase their sensitivities via functionalization, decoration, or blending with other nanostructured materials. Finally, transition metal dichalcogenides are presented as an emerging class of chemiresistive layers that bring what has been learned from graphene into a quite large portfolio of chemo-sensing platforms. For each class, studies since 2019 reporting on chemiresistors that display less than 10 s either in the response or in the recovery time are listed. We show that for many sensing layers, the sum of both response and recovery times is already below 10 s, making them promising devices for fast measurements to detect, e.g., sudden bursts of dangerous emissions in the environment, or to track the integrity of packaging during food processing on conveyor belts at pace with industrial production timescales. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanomaterials for Sensing)
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