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New Shapes and Materials in the Nervous System Signals Detection: from Periphery to Central

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2023) | Viewed by 1962

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Nervous System and Behavior Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
2. Center for the Study and Treatment of Systemic Amyloidosis, Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Interests: technology; biomed research

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the field of neurophysiology has seen the expansion of recording applications for both experimental and speculative and practical purposes.

For example, the recording of the brain signal with refined methods (high density EEG) associated with functional magnetic resonance images has allowed the knowledge of brain communication networks and the function of brain areas.

On the other hand, the development of electrodes with specific materials and designs has made it possible to carry out stimulus-related studies with applications in the clinical field.

It is enough to think of the evolution of intraoperative monitoring (IOM) methods that support both neurosurgery and other types of surgery when working close to the nerves.

Additionally, in the field of the peripheral nervous system, electroneurography (ENG) and electromyography (EMG), there is a continuous evolution in the materials, with the aim of making the recordings reliable and more tolerable by the patients.

Not only that, the development of customized electrodes is essential for prosthetic science.

The possibility of recording electrical nerve signals with small detectors and the use of portable instruments (smartphones and tablets) that are coupled and that are able to do a good analysis of the received signals is leading to the development of applications suitable for this purpose, with greater accessibility by patients to clinical and instrumental evaluations.

Prof. Dr. Alessandro Lozza
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • central nervous system
  • peripheral nervous system
  • intraoperative monitoring
  • electroencephalography
  • electromyography
  • electroneurography
  • prosthetics

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 3707 KiB  
Article
Integrated Low-Voltage Compliance and Wide-Dynamic Stimulator Design for Neural Implantable Devices
by Yeonji Oh, Jonggi Hong and Jungsuk Kim
Sensors 2023, 23(1), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010492 - 2 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1710
Abstract
In this study, a pulse frequency modulation (PFM)-based stimulator is proposed for use in biomedical implantable devices. Conventionally, functional electrical stimulation (FES) techniques have been used to reinforce damaged nerves, such as retina tissue and brain tissue, by injecting a certain amount of [...] Read more.
In this study, a pulse frequency modulation (PFM)-based stimulator is proposed for use in biomedical implantable devices. Conventionally, functional electrical stimulation (FES) techniques have been used to reinforce damaged nerves, such as retina tissue and brain tissue, by injecting a certain amount of charge into tissues. Although several design methods are present for implementing FES devices, an FES stimulator for retinal implants is difficult to realize because of the chip area, which needs to be inserted in a fovea, sized 5 mm x 5 mm, and power limitations to prevent the heat generation that causes tissue damage. In this work, we propose a novel stimulation structure to reduce the compliance voltage during stimulation, which can result in high-speed and low-voltage operation. A new stimulator that is composed of a modified high-speed PFM, a 4-bit counter, a serializer, a digital controller, and a current driver is designed and verified using a DB HiTek standard 0.18 μm process. This proposed stimulator can generate a charge up to 130 nC, consumes an average power of 375 µW during a stimulation period, and occupies a total area of 700 µm × 68 µm. Full article
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