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Advanced Sensing Systems for Structural Monitoring and Damage Detection

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Fault Diagnosis & Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2025) | Viewed by 10810

Special Issue Editors

Department of Mathematics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: structural health monitoring; damage detection; damage sensitive

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Guest Editor
Department of Mathematics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: structural health monitoring; signal processing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Structural health monitoring uses advanced sensing and data analytics to continuously assess infrastructure condition, detect damage early, and enable timely repairs. New technologies, like fiber optic sensors and AI algorithms, analyze real-time sensor data to identify abnormalities indicative of flaws, providing 24/7 monitoring and actionable information on both local damage and global performance. In this sense, the main objective of this Special Issue is to provide a space to present these advances, which could revolutionize the monitoring of civil infrastructure health.

Dr. Magda Ruiz
Dr. Luis Eduardo Mujica
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • structural health monitoring (SHM)
  • assessing condition and performance
  • early detection of damage/deterioration
  • repairs and maintenance of structures
  • advanced sensing technologies
  • real-time distributed data
  • artificial intelligence
  • statistical learning
  • machine learning
  • data science
  • feature extraction
  • pattern recognition

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 5509 KiB  
Article
A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Enhanced Structural Damage Detection: Integrating ResNet50, GoogLeNet, and Attention Mechanisms
by Vikash Singh, Anuj Baral, Roshan Kumar, Sudhakar Tummala, Mohammad Noori, Swati Varun Yadav, Shuai Kang and Wei Zhao
Sensors 2024, 24(22), 7249; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24227249 - 13 Nov 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2021
Abstract
Quick and accurate structural damage detection is essential for maintaining the safety and integrity of infrastructure, especially following natural disasters. Traditional methods of damage assessment, which rely on manual inspections, can be labor-intensive and subject to human error. This paper introduces a hybrid [...] Read more.
Quick and accurate structural damage detection is essential for maintaining the safety and integrity of infrastructure, especially following natural disasters. Traditional methods of damage assessment, which rely on manual inspections, can be labor-intensive and subject to human error. This paper introduces a hybrid deep learning model that combines the capabilities of ResNet50 and GoogLeNet, further enhanced by a convolutional block attention module (CBAM), proposed to improve both the accuracy and performance in detecting structural damage. For training purposes, a diverse dataset of images depicting both structural damage cases and undamaged cases was used. To further enhance the robustness, data augmentation techniques were also employed. In this research, precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy were employed to evaluate the effectiveness of the introduced hybrid deep learning model. Our findings indicate that the hybrid deep neural network introduced in this study significantly outperformed standalone architectures such as ResNet50 and GoogLeNet, making it a highly effective solution for applications in disaster response and infrastructure maintenance. Full article
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19 pages, 7912 KiB  
Article
Structural Damage Detection Using PZT Transmission Line Circuit Model
by Jozue Vieira Filho, Nicolás E. Cortez, Mario De Oliveira, Luis Paulo M. Lima and Gyuhae Park
Sensors 2024, 24(22), 7113; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24227113 - 5 Nov 2024
Viewed by 832
Abstract
Arrangements of piezoelectric transducers, such as PZT (lead zirconate titanate), have been widely used in numerous structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Usually, when two or more PZT transducers are placed close together, significant interference, namely crosstalk, appears. Such an effect is usually neglected [...] Read more.
Arrangements of piezoelectric transducers, such as PZT (lead zirconate titanate), have been widely used in numerous structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Usually, when two or more PZT transducers are placed close together, significant interference, namely crosstalk, appears. Such an effect is usually neglected in most SHM applications. However, it can potentially be used as a sensitive parameter to identify structural faults. Accordingly, this work proposes using the crosstalk effect in an arrangement of PZT transducers modeled as a multiconductor transmission line to detect structural damage. This effect is exploited by computing an impedance matrix representing a host structure with PZTs attached to it. The proposed method was assessed in an aluminum beam structure with two PZTs attached to it using finite element modeling in OnScale® software to simulate both healthy and damaged conditions. Similarly, experimental tests were also carried out. The results, when compared to those obtained using a traditional electromechanical impedance (EMI) method, prove that the new approach significantly improved the sensitivity of EMI-based technique in SHM applications. Full article
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23 pages, 12258 KiB  
Article
Leakage Identification of Underground Structures Using Classification Deep Neural Networks and Transfer Learning
by Wenyang Wang, Qingwei Chen, Yongjiang Shen and Zhengliang Xiang
Sensors 2024, 24(17), 5569; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175569 - 28 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 902
Abstract
Water leakage defects often occur in underground structures, leading to accelerated structural aging and threatening structural safety. Leakage identification can detect early diseases of underground structures and provide important guidance for reinforcement and maintenance. Deep learning-based computer vision methods have been rapidly developed [...] Read more.
Water leakage defects often occur in underground structures, leading to accelerated structural aging and threatening structural safety. Leakage identification can detect early diseases of underground structures and provide important guidance for reinforcement and maintenance. Deep learning-based computer vision methods have been rapidly developed and widely used in many fields. However, establishing a deep learning model for underground structure leakage identification usually requires a lot of training data on leakage defects, which is very expensive. To overcome the data shortage, a deep neural network method for leakage identification is developed based on transfer learning in this paper. For comparison, four famous classification models, including VGG16, AlexNet, SqueezeNet, and ResNet18, are constructed. To train the classification models, a transfer learning strategy is developed, and a dataset of underground structure leakage is created. Finally, the classification performance on the leakage dataset of different deep learning models is comparatively studied under different sizes of training data. The results showed that the VGG16, AlexNet, and SqueezeNet models with transfer learning can overall provide higher and more stable classification performance on the leakage dataset than those without transfer learning. The ResNet18 model with transfer learning can overall provide a similar value of classification performance on the leakage dataset than that without transfer learning, but its classification performance is more stable than that without transfer learning. In addition, the SqueezeNet model obtains an overall higher and more stable performance than the comparative models on the leakage dataset for all classification metrics. Full article
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20 pages, 7187 KiB  
Article
A Discussion of Building a Smart SHM Platform for Long-Span Bridge Monitoring
by Yilin Xie, Xiaolin Meng, Dinh Tung Nguyen, Zejun Xiang, George Ye and Liangliang Hu
Sensors 2024, 24(10), 3163; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24103163 - 16 May 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4499
Abstract
This paper explores the development of a smart Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) platform tailored for long-span bridge monitoring, using the Forth Road Bridge (FRB) as a case study. It discusses the selection of smart sensors available for real-time monitoring, the formulation of an [...] Read more.
This paper explores the development of a smart Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) platform tailored for long-span bridge monitoring, using the Forth Road Bridge (FRB) as a case study. It discusses the selection of smart sensors available for real-time monitoring, the formulation of an effective data strategy encompassing the collection, processing, management, analysis, and visualization of monitoring data sets to support decision-making, and the establishment of a cost-effective and intelligent sensor network aligned with the objectives set through comprehensive communication with asset owners. Due to the high data rates and dense sensor installations, conventional processing techniques are inadequate for fulfilling monitoring functionalities and ensuring security. Cloud-computing emerges as a widely adopted solution for processing and storing vast monitoring data sets. Drawing from the authors’ experience in implementing long-span bridge monitoring systems in the UK and China, this paper compares the advantages and limitations of employing cloud- computing for long-span bridge monitoring. Furthermore, it explores strategies for developing a robust data strategy and leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and digital twin (DT) technologies to extract relevant information or patterns regarding asset health conditions. This information is then visualized through the interaction between physical and virtual worlds, facilitating timely and informed decision-making in managing critical road transport infrastructure. Full article
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20 pages, 11148 KiB  
Article
A Multiple Attention Convolutional Neural Networks for Diesel Engine Fault Diagnosis
by Xiao Yang, Fengrong Bi, Jiangang Cheng, Daijie Tang, Pengfei Shen and Xiaoyang Bi
Sensors 2024, 24(9), 2708; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24092708 - 24 Apr 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1757
Abstract
Fault diagnosis can improve the safety and reliability of diesel engines. An end-to-end method based on a multi-attention convolutional neural network (MACNN) is proposed for accurate and efficient diesel engine fault diagnosis. By optimizing the arrangement and kernel size of the channel and [...] Read more.
Fault diagnosis can improve the safety and reliability of diesel engines. An end-to-end method based on a multi-attention convolutional neural network (MACNN) is proposed for accurate and efficient diesel engine fault diagnosis. By optimizing the arrangement and kernel size of the channel and spatial attention modules, the feature extraction capability is improved, and an improved convolutional block attention module (ICBAM) is obtained. Vibration signal features are acquired using a feature extraction model alternating between the convolutional neural network (CNN) and ICBAM. The feature map is recombined to reconstruct the sequence order information. Next, the self-attention mechanism (SAM) is applied to learn the recombined sequence features directly. A Swish activation function is introduced to solve “Dead ReLU” and improve the accuracy. A dynamic learning rate curve is designed to improve the convergence ability of the model. The diesel engine fault simulation experiment is carried out to simulate three kinds of fault types (abnormal valve clearance, abnormal rail pressure, and insufficient fuel supply), and each kind of fault varies in different degrees. The comparison results show that the accuracy of MACNN on the eight-class fault dataset at different speeds is more than 97%. The testing time of the MACNN is much less than the machine running time (for one work cycle). Therefore, the proposed end-to-end fault diagnosis method has a good application prospect. Full article
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