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RTK Positioning for UAV Remote Sensing

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Engineering Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 7574

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Dept. of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 181/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
Interests: direct and indirect image orientation methods; image matching; 3D reconstruction and DTM generation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will focus on exploring the great potential of accurate GNSS positioning for UAV remote sensing provided by on-board RTK-capable GNSS receivers. Fixed-wing as well as multirotor UAVs equipped with such technology are now available at affordable prices. White papers from manufacturers and a number of papers on experimental tests suggest consistent and accurate results can be expected of such systems, with important consequences on project feasibility and costs. Though not all UAV applications in remote sensing need cm-level georeferencing accuracy, many do, and many others may benefit from this technology, opening up new possibilities, especially in multitemporal analysis and monitoring, whenever providing and/or maintaining ground control points over time can be difficult.

Contributions to this Special Issue of Remote Sensing are welcome on every aspect of UAV remote sensing benefiting from GNSS RTK-assisted sensor positioning, from data acquisition to data processing and restitution. Methodological contributions are especially encouraged on sensor orientation methods, bundle block adjustment best practices, and multispectral image orientation. Application-oriented papers are also welcome, with case studies emphasizing where RTK positioning brings real improvements compared to current state-of-art or opens the ground to new applications.

Topics of interest include but are not limited to the following:

  • Block design and block imaging geometry with RTK camera positioning; critical imaging geometry configurations for RTK-assisted image orientation;
  • High precision navigation. Planning for pinpoint imaging;
  • Sensor positioning: GNSS data processing; RTK (real-time kinematic) versus PPK (postprocessing kinematic); network RTK versus single-station RTK; IMU/GNSS integration;
  • Image orientation: techniques and requirements for camera calibration and/or lever arm calibration; camera position data integration with ground control; weighting of image and camera observations in bundle adjustment, including GNSS data stochastic modeling;
  • Data processing and applications: accuracy of georeferencing (points, DTM, orthoimages) of multitemporal surveys and its consequences on multitemporal analysis in any application field; case studies on benefits and limitations of RTK positioning for new applications and for project feasibility (costs and frequency of multitemporal surveys); benefits on synchronous and asynchronous (multitemporal) image registration techniques of single or heterogeneous bands (multispectral, thermal, RGB); benefits for autonomous navigation and obstacle sense and avoidance.

Dr. Gianfranco Forlani
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Sensor and lever arm calibration methods
  • Georeferencing accuracy
  • Ground control points
  • GNSS RTK camera positioning
  • Bundle block adjustment
  • Multitemporal analysis

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

32 pages, 34169 KiB  
Article
Quality Assessment of Photogrammetric Models for Façade and Building Reconstruction Using DJI Phantom 4 RTK
by Yuri Taddia, Laura González-García, Elena Zambello and Alberto Pellegrinelli
Remote Sens. 2020, 12(19), 3144; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12193144 - 24 Sep 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 6926
Abstract
Aerial photogrammetry by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is a widespread method to perform mapping tasks with high-resolution to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) building and façade models. However, the survey of Ground Control Points (GCPs) represents a time-consuming task, while the use of Real-Time Kinematic [...] Read more.
Aerial photogrammetry by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is a widespread method to perform mapping tasks with high-resolution to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) building and façade models. However, the survey of Ground Control Points (GCPs) represents a time-consuming task, while the use of Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) drones allows for one to collect camera locations with an accuracy of a few centimeters. DJI Phantom 4 RTK (DJI-P4RTK) combines this with the possibility to acquire oblique images in stationary conditions and it currently represents a versatile drone widely used from professional users together with commercial Structure-from-Motion software, such as Agisoft Metashape. In this work, we analyze the architectural application of this drone to the photogrammetric modeling of a building with particular regard to metric survey specifications for cultural heritage for 1:20, 1:50, 1:100, and 1:200 scales. In particular, we designed an accuracy assessment test signalizing 109 points, surveying them with total station and adjusting the measurements through a network approach in order to achieve millimeter-level accuracy. Image datasets with a designed Ground Sample Distance (GSD) of 2 mm were acquired in Network RTK (NRTK) and RTK modes in manual piloting and processed both as single façades (S–F) and as an overall block (4–F). Subsequently, we compared the results of photogrammetric models generated in Agisoft Metashape to the Signalized Point (SP) coordinates. The results highlight the importance of processing an overall photogrammetric block, especially whenever part of camera locations exhibited a poorer accuracy due to multipath effects. No significant differences were found between the results of network real-time kinematic (NRTK) and real-time kinematic (RTK) datasets. Horizontal residuals were generally comparable to GNSS accuracy in NRTK/RTK mode, while vertical residuals were found to be affected by an offset of about 5 cm. We introduced an external GCP or used one SP per façade as GCP, assuming a poorer camera location accuracy at the same time, in order to fix this issue and comply with metric survey specifications for the widest architectural scale range. Finally, both S–F and 4–F projects satisfied the metric survey requirements of a scale of 1:50 in at least one of the approaches tested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue RTK Positioning for UAV Remote Sensing)
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