Proteomics in Diabetes: From Mechanisms to Biomarkers

A special issue of Proteomes (ISSN 2227-7382). This special issue belongs to the section "Proteomics of Human Diseases and Their Treatments".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 997

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
Interests: proteomics; exercise; diabetes; obesity; insulin resistance; multi-omics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Type 2 diabetes is a complex and heterogeneous disease driven by diverse molecular alterations across multiple tissues. Despite advances in our understanding of its pathogenesis, key mechanisms remain unclear, and there is a critical need for robust biomarkers to improve diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment response monitoring. Proteomics offers unique insights into the dynamic protein networks underlying insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, and systemic metabolic dysregulation.

For this Special Issue of Proteomes, we welcome original research articles and reviews that explore how proteomic technologies can advance our understanding of diabetes—from unraveling disease mechanisms to identifying clinically relevant biomarkers. We are particularly interested in studies that use advanced mass spectrometry, spatial proteomics, or integrative multi-omics approaches to investigate protein expression, modifications, interactions, or localization in tissues relevant to diabetes, such as pancreas, liver, muscles, adipose tissue, or blood.

Submissions from both clinical and preclinical research are welcome, with a focus on human studies, but animal models may also be relevant. We also encourage contributions that focus on proteomic signatures of diabetes complications, therapeutic targets, or the development of diagnostic or prognostic tools. Studies showcasing methodological innovations that enhance the sensitivity, specificity, or interpretability of proteomic data in the context of diabetes are also of high interest.

Dr. Sindre Lee-Ødegård
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • proteomics
  • diabetes mellitus
  • insulin resistance
  • biomarkers
  • pathophysiology

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 1680 KB  
Article
Comprehensive Insights into Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes from Protein Network, Canonical Pathway, Phosphorylation and Antimicrobial Peptide Signatures of Human Serum
by Petra Magdolna Bertalan, Erdenetsetseg Nokhoijav, Ádám Pap, George C. Neagu, Miklós Káplár, Zsuzsanna Darula, Gergő Kalló, Laszlo Prokai and Éva Csősz
Proteomes 2025, 13(4), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes13040067 - 17 Dec 2025
Viewed by 593
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the molecular links between these conditions are not fully understood. Methods: We performed an integrative serum proteomics study on samples from 134 individuals (healthy controls, patients with obesity and/or T2D) [...] Read more.
Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the molecular links between these conditions are not fully understood. Methods: We performed an integrative serum proteomics study on samples from 134 individuals (healthy controls, patients with obesity and/or T2D) using both data-independent (DIA) and data-dependent (DDA) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches, complemented by phosphopeptide enrichment, kinase activity prediction, network and pathway analyses to get more information on the different proteoforms involved in the pathophysiology of the diseases. Results: We identified 235 serum proteins, including 13 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) between groups. Both obesity and T2D were characterized by activation of complement and coagulation cascades, as well as alterations in lipid metabolism. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis® (IPA) revealed shared canonical pathways, while phosphorylation-based regulation differentiated the two conditions. Elevated hemopexin (HPX), vitronectin (VTN), kininogen-1 (KNG1) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (SERPINF1), along with decreased adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and apolipoprotein D (APOD), indicated a pro-inflammatory, pro-coagulant serum profile. Network analyses of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory peptides (AMPs) revealed strong overlaps between immune regulation and lipid metabolism. Phosphoproteomics and kinase prediction highlighted altered CK2 and AGC kinase activities in obesity, suggesting signaling-level modulation. Conclusions: Our comprehensive proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling reveals overlapping yet distinct molecular signatures in obesity and T2D, emphasizing inflammation, complement activation and phosphorylation-driven signaling as central mechanisms that potentially contribute to disease progression and therapeutic targeting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proteomics in Diabetes: From Mechanisms to Biomarkers)
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