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Polymers
Special Issues
Supercritical Fluid Processing of Polymers and Its Applications
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Supercritical Fluid Processing of Polymers and Its Applications

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Processing and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 5580

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Stoja Milovanović

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: processing of polymers using supercritical CO2; foams preparation; impregnation of textile, foams, films, fibers, nanofibers with natural bioactive components; preparation of devices that enable controlled release of bioactive substances; separation of high-value extracts from plant materials; characterization of obtained materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue is focused on the processing of organic and inorganic polymers using supercritical fluids. This includes drying, foaming, impregnation, deposition, and extrusion of polymers using supercritical fluids for the preparation of different forms such as films, fibers, foams, scaffolds, aerogels, etc. The addition of organic compounds and inorganic nanoparticles to polymers using supercritical fluids is welcomed to broaden the number of polymer applications that include, but are not limited to food, pharmacy, medicine, textile, environment, acoustic, electric, etc.

Dr. Stoja Milovanović
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • supercritical fluids
  • organic and inorganic polymers
  • biocompatible and biodegradable polymers
  • drying, foaming, impregnation, deposition, and extrusion
  • films, fibers, textile, foams, scaffolds, aerogels

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1604 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Sub- and Near-Critical Carbon Dioxide Assisted Manufacturing on Medical Thermoplastic Polyurethane
by Sarn-ii Baru, Siobhan Matthews, Eric Marchese, Philip Walsh and Austin Coffey
Polymers 2023, 15(4), 822; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15040822 - 07 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1368
Abstract
Incorporating thermally labile active pharmaceutical ingredients for manufacturing multifunctional polymeric medical devices is restricted due to their tendency to degrade in the hot melt extrusion process. In this study, the potential of sub- and near-critical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a reversible [...] Read more.
Incorporating thermally labile active pharmaceutical ingredients for manufacturing multifunctional polymeric medical devices is restricted due to their tendency to degrade in the hot melt extrusion process. In this study, the potential of sub- and near-critical carbon dioxide (CO2) as a reversible plasticiser was explored by injecting it into a twin-screw hot melt extrusion process of Pellethane thermoplastic polyurethane to decrease its melt process temperature. Its morphological, throughput, thermal, rheological, and mechanical performances were also evaluated. The resultant extrudates were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, parallel plate rotational rheometer, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and tensile testing. The process temperature decreased from 185 to 160 °C. The rheology indicated that the reduction in melt viscosity was from 690 Pa.s to 439 Pa.s (36%) and 414 Pa.s (40%) at 4.14 and 6.89 MPa, respectively. The tensile modulus in the elastomeric region is enhanced from 5.93 MPa, without CO2 to 7.71 MPa with CO2 at both 4.14 and 6.89 MPa. The results indicate that the employment of both sub- and near-critical CO2 as a processing aid is a viable addition to conventional hot melt extrusion and that they offer more opportunities for thermosensitive drugs to be more stable in the molten stream of Pellethane thermoplastic polyurethane. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supercritical Fluid Processing of Polymers and Its Applications)
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18 pages, 3510 KiB  
Article
Chemical Recycling of Polyolefins Waste Materials Using Supercritical Water
by Maja Čolnik, Petra Kotnik, Željko Knez and Mojca Škerget
Polymers 2022, 14(20), 4415; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14204415 - 19 Oct 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2376
Abstract
In the following work, the hydrothermal degradation of polypropylene waste (PP) using supercritical water (SCW) has been studied. The procedure was carried out in a high-pressure, high-temperature batch reactor at 425 °C and 450 °C from 15 to 240 min. The results show [...] Read more.
In the following work, the hydrothermal degradation of polypropylene waste (PP) using supercritical water (SCW) has been studied. The procedure was carried out in a high-pressure, high-temperature batch reactor at 425 °C and 450 °C from 15 to 240 min. The results show a high yield of the oil (up to 95%) and gas (up to 20%) phases. The gained oil phase was composed of alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and alcohols. Alkanes and alcohols predominated at 425 °C and shorter reaction times, while the content of aromatic hydrocarbons sharply increased at higher temperatures and times. The higher heating values (HHVs) of oil phases were in the range of liquid fuel (diesel, gasoline, crude and fuel oil), and they were between 48 and 42 MJ/kg. The gas phase contained light hydrocarbons (C1–C6), where propane was the most represented component. The results for PP degradation obtained in the present work were compared to the results of SCW degradation of colored PE waste, and the potential degradation mechanism of polyolefins waste in SCW is proposed. The results allowed to conclude that SCW processing technology represents a promising and eco-friendly tool for the liquefaction of polyolefin (PE and PP) waste into oil with a high conversion rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supercritical Fluid Processing of Polymers and Its Applications)
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18 pages, 2472 KiB  
Article
Supercritical CO2 Impregnation of Thymol in Thermoplastic Starch-Based Blends: Chemico-Physical Properties and Release Kinetics
by Marija Lucic Skoric, Stoja Milovanovic, Irena Zizovic, Rodrigo Ortega-Toro, Gabriella Santagata, Mario Malinconico and Melina Kalagasidis Krusic
Polymers 2022, 14(20), 4360; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14204360 - 16 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1435
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate starch-based materials, prepared in an environmentally friendly way and from renewable resources, suitable for the development of biodegradable active food packaging. For this purpose, a bioactive compound (thymol) was incorporated into thermoplastic starch (TPS) [...] Read more.
The aim of the present study was to investigate starch-based materials, prepared in an environmentally friendly way and from renewable resources, suitable for the development of biodegradable active food packaging. For this purpose, a bioactive compound (thymol) was incorporated into thermoplastic starch (TPS) and a TPS blend with poly (ε-caprolactone) (TPS–PCL) by the supercritical CO2 (scCO2) impregnation process. Impregnation experiments with scCO2 were carried out at a pressure of 30 MPa and temperatures in the range of 40–100 °C during 1 to 20 h. The structural, morphological, and thermal properties of the obtained materials were comprehensively evaluated. Bioactive component release kinetic studies were performed in water at 6 °C and 25 °C. It was shown that the scCO2 impregnation process could be successfully employed for thymol loading into TPS and TPS–PCL. The process was significantly influenced by the operating temperature and time as well as content of PCL. The samples showed a controlled release of thymol within seven days with a higher amount of released thymol from the TPS–PCL blend. The obtained materials are solvent-free and release the bioactive component in a controlled manner. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supercritical Fluid Processing of Polymers and Its Applications)
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