Semantics and Computation

A special issue of Philosophies (ISSN 2409-9287).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2025) | Viewed by 1244

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
Interests: theoretical computer science; mathematical Logic; philosophy of mathematics; philosophy of computer science

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Guest Editor
Institut des sciences juridiques et philosophiques de la Sorbonne, University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, 1 rue de la Glacière, 75013 Paris, France
Interests: philosophy of science and technology; philosophy of computing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The discipline of computer science is underwritten by its multifarious languages. Some interface directly with physical machines, while others are designed to be as far removed as possible from such devices. How are these languages defined? In particular, how are they defined semantically? And how do these semantic accounts reflect their computational nature? The objective of this special issue is to address such conceptual questions from the general perspective of the theories of meaning, as may be found in the philosophy of language and in semiotics in general. Bertrand Russell, following John Stuart Mill, argued that linguistic expressions are signs of something other than themselves, and suggested that the meaning of an expression is whatever that expression applies to. In the case of programming languages referential semantics comes in the guise of denotational semantics. However, Programming languages are used for computation and, in order to compute with them, we require rules of computation (operational semantics). These two approaches to semantics are taken to be complementary with soundness and completeness theorems employed to establish their agreement. But they raise a series of philosophical and conceptual questions.

  • What kind of denotations are appropriate for programming languages? Are sets, categories and games all equally appropriate? Should decidability concerns enter the picture?
  • Does compositional semantics guarantee good language design?
  • How are expressions that apparently refer to nothing dealt with? A referential semantics would appear to be committed to the view that expressions such as Father Christmas, and Sherlock Holmes are meaningless. Are programs that do not terminate meaningless?
  • Is there a notion of sense as well as reference for programming languages?
  • Which is taken to define the language, the referential semantics or the operational one?
  • How are semantic accounts related to actual implementations? Can an actual implementation act as a definitional semantics? Or does such an approach succumb to Kripke’s criticism of dispositional semantics?
  • What are the philosophical issues that surround the various notions of process and their application to any analyis of non-determinism and parallelism?
  • Are there problems of providing semantic accounts for non-standard ways of programming, e.g. machine learning?
  • How do semantic theories of programming languages take into account external interactions (e.g. other computing processes or an external environment)?

These questions are not meant to be exhaustive, nor entirely clear, but only to encourage reflection and provide a flavor of the kind of foundational and philosophical concerns that the special issue is aimed at.

Prof. Dr. Raymond Turner
Prof. Dr. Henri Stephanou
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • denotational semantics
  • operational semantics
  • sense
  • reference
  • programming languages
  • computing process
  • compositionality

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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18 pages, 326 KiB  
Article
On the Interpretation of Denotational Semantics
by Felice Cardone
Philosophies 2025, 10(3), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies10030054 - 4 May 2025
Abstract
The denotational approach to the semantics of programming languages views program meanings as elements of domains, abstract partially ordered structures that form the basis of a mathematical theory of computation. This paper discusses how the interpretation of these structures as models of information [...] Read more.
The denotational approach to the semantics of programming languages views program meanings as elements of domains, abstract partially ordered structures that form the basis of a mathematical theory of computation. This paper discusses how the interpretation of these structures as models of information in computation has evolved into the interactive view of domains represented by game semantics. As a unifying motif of these developments, we propose the interpretation of program meanings as fulfillments of intentions suggested by Heyting’s phenomenological meaning explanation of intuitionistic logical constants, recently carried on by van Atten and Tieszen. We will also make an attempt to interpret this idea in the light of a pragmatic view of computation as communication, connecting it to the foundation of game semantics for programming languages and looking at this pragmatic turn as a source of new intentionalities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Semantics and Computation)
17 pages, 262 KiB  
Article
Meaning and Reference in Programming Languages
by Nicola Angius
Philosophies 2025, 10(2), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies10020040 - 1 Apr 2025
Viewed by 315
Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of the meaning–reference problem, as traditionally advanced in the philosophy of language, for imperative programming languages. Addressing the problem is relevant for the philosophy of computer science in the context of the debate of whether simulative programs can [...] Read more.
This paper provides an analysis of the meaning–reference problem, as traditionally advanced in the philosophy of language, for imperative programming languages. Addressing the problem is relevant for the philosophy of computer science in the context of the debate of whether simulative programs can be considered representational theories of their simulated systems. This paper challenges the thesis that, since programming languages have semantics, they also have reference, presumably to the external world. First, denotational, operational, game theoretic, and axiomatic semantics are epistemologically analysed to provide a theory of meaning for high-level language programs. It is argued that programming language semantics can be seen, to some extent, under the light of Fregean descriptivism, thereby rejecting the view that it is reference that determines meaning. Secondly, descriptivist, causal, character, and intentionalist theories of reference are examined to argue that meaning is not sufficient for programming languages to determine reference, thereby rejecting the view that meaning determines reference. It is argued that it is the intentions of agents that allow programming language semantics to identify referents. The paper concludes that if the semantics of programming languages may determine their reference, the latter is not to the external world but to the internal operations of the implementation executing them. This does not prevent simulative programs from representing empirical systems, but they do so not on the basis of programming language semantics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Semantics and Computation)
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