More-than-Human Ethics: Rethinking Nature, Dwelling, and Responsibility

A special issue of Philosophies (ISSN 2409-9287). This special issue belongs to the section "Virtues".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2026) | Viewed by 7572

Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy and Literature, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain
2. Bioethics Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
3. Cape Horn International Center, Cabo de Hornos 6350000, Chile
Interests: environmental philosophy; philosophy of emerging technologies; bioethics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, “More-than-Human Ethics: Rethinking Nature, Dwelling, and Responsibility”, aims to rethink our ethical approach in the context of environmental philosophy, drawing on the concepts of responsibility (Jonas 1984) and dwelling (e.g., Ingold 2000; Young 2000; Botha 2003). In fact, if our dwelling in the age of ecological crisis is essentially co-dwelling (Harrison 2007) with other living beings (and not only with other human beings), ethics should be reconfigured (Rozzi 2012; 2018). So, the starting point for this Special Issue is that it is possible to conceive of a “more-than-human” ethic and responsibility (Ginn 2023). Such ethics and responsibility are “more-than-human” (e.g., Braun 2005; Franklin 2023), on the one hand, because they have, as their ultimate reference point, Nature as a whole (and no longer human beings); on the other hand, because they arise within the relationship with human and non-human otherness at once. The fundamental concern of this Special Issue, therefore, is not so much to understand how to resolve certain ethical dilemmas in the ecological sphere by applying pre-established principles (Valera et al. 2021) but, rather, to understand how to dwell on the Earth with other living beings (Gildersleeve & Crowden 2022). The ethical question thus essentially turns into the issue of dwelling: our ethos is the way we dwell our oikos (home) (e.g., Malpas 1999; Valera 2025). In this sense, the focus of this Special Issue will not primarily be ethical but, rather, ontological, cosmological, anthropological, and cultural. The various papers should help the reader understand the basis for developing an environmental ethics oriented toward otherness (Rozzi et al. 2023).

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Co-dwelling, ecology, and (sub)cultures;
  • What is a home in the age of the ecological crisis?;
  • Respect, love, or responsibility towards other living beings?;
  • Ethical paradigms consistent with more-than-human ethics;
  • Worldviews consistent with a more-than-human ethics;
  • Eco-theology and eco-religions as a basis for a more-than-human ethics;
  • Anthropologies (philosophies) consistent with an ethics oriented towards ecological otherness.

We request that, prior to submitting a manuscript, interested authors initially submit a proposed title and an abstract of about 200 words summarizing their intended contribution. Please send it to the Guest Editor (luca.valera@uva.es) or to the Philosophies Editorial Office (philosophies@mdpi.com). Abstracts will be reviewed by the Guest Editor for the purposes of ensuring proper fit within the scope of the Special Issue. Full manuscripts will undergo double-blind peer-review.

We look forward to receiving your insightful contributions and to advancing the dialogue on more-than-human ethics together.

References

Botha, C. F. (2003). Heidegger, technology and ecology. South African Journal of Philosophy, 22(2), 157–171.

Braun, B. (2005). Environmental issues: writing a more-than-human urban geography. Progress in Human Geography 29(5), 635–650.

Franklin, A. (ed.) (2023). The Routledge International Handbook of More-than-Human Studies. London & New York: Routledge.

Gildersleeve, M., Crowden, A. (eds.) (2022). Philosophy of place: finding place and self in the world. New York: Peter Lang.

Ginn, F. (2023). More-than-Human Ethics. In: Franklin, A. (ed.) (2023). The Routledge International Handbook of More-than-Human Studies. London & New York: Routledge.

Harrison, P. (2007). The space between us: opening remarks on the concept of dwelling. Environment and planning D: society and space, 25(4), 625–647.

Ingold, T. (2000). The Perception of the Environment Essays on livelihood, dwelling and skill. London & New York: Routledge.

Jonas, H. (1984). The imperative of responsibility. In search of an ethics in the technological age. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Malpas, J. E. (1999). Place and Experience. A Philosophical Topography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rozzi, R. (2012). Biocultural ethics: Recovering the vital links between the inhabitants, their habits, and habitats. Environmental Ethics, 34(1), 27–50.

Rozzi, R. (2018). Biocultural Homogenization: A Wicked Problem in the Anthropocene. In Rozzi, R. et al. (eds.). From Biocultural Homogenization to Biocultural Conservation. Dordrecht: Springer.

Rozzi, R. et al. (eds.) (2023). Field Environmental Philosophy: Education for Biocultural Conservation. Dordrecht: Springer.

Valera, L., Leal, Y., Vidal, G. (2021). Beyond Application. The Case of Environmental Ethics. Tópicos (México) 60: 437–459.

Valera, L. (2025). Earth Stewardship: Oikophilia and Philanthropy. Salmanticensis 72(1): 127-147.

Young, J. (2000). What is Dwelling? The Homelessness of Modernity and the Worlding of the World. In: Wrathall, M.A., Malpas, J. (eds.). Essays in Honor of Hubert L. Dreyfus: Heidegger, authenticity, and modernity. Cambridge & London: The MIT Press.

Dr. Luca Valera
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • environmental philosophy
  • responsibility
  • ecological crisis
  • dwelling
  • ethics

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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32 pages, 907 KB  
Article
The Unity of Heaven and Humanity and Beautiful China: Contemporary Transformation of Traditional Chinese Ecological Aesthetics Wisdom
by Yunlei Ban
Philosophies 2026, 11(4), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies11040129 - 22 Jul 2026
Viewed by 684
Abstract
The traditional Chinese ecological aesthetics takes ‘the Unity of Heaven and Humanity’ [天人合一] as its philosophical core and constructs a cosmological landscape of coexistence and prosperity between humans and nature. Given the challenges of the global ecological crisis, this research draws on the [...] Read more.
The traditional Chinese ecological aesthetics takes ‘the Unity of Heaven and Humanity’ [天人合一] as its philosophical core and constructs a cosmological landscape of coexistence and prosperity between humans and nature. Given the challenges of the global ecological crisis, this research draws on the ecological aesthetic wisdom of ‘the Unity of Heaven and Humanity’ to systematically explore its theoretical support and practical value for building a Beautiful China. By employing a mixed-method approach that integrates textual analysis, policy review, and multi-case comparative study, this research finds that in the process of building a Beautiful China, the traditional ecological aesthetic wisdom of ‘the Unity of Heaven and Humanity’ has achieved creative transformation and innovative development through the spatial creation of ‘Poetic Dwelling’, the green economy characterized by ‘Suitable for Employment’ and the ecological empowerment for the principle of ‘Suitable for Nurturing Life and Tourism’. This has paved a distinctive path for green development that integrates cultural subjectivity, ecological principles, and modern governance technologies. The discussion further emphasizes that intelligent ecological governance, leveraging technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, provides a key technological pathway for the contemporary transformation of ‘the Unity of Heaven and Humanity’ philosophy. This study provides a unique ecological and cultural foundation for building a Beautiful China and for global ecological protection. Full article
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19 pages, 281 KB  
Article
Environmental Esthetics and Other Non-Anthropocentric Representations of Nature
by Sandra Baquedano
Philosophies 2026, 11(4), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies11040124 - 18 Jul 2026
Viewed by 440
Abstract
This article addresses environmental esthetics in dialog with other non-anthropocentric representations of nature, starting with the Ancient Western philosophy of art as a human expression of nature (φύσις, physis). In the context of this more primary understanding, the consolidation of an anthropocentric [...] Read more.
This article addresses environmental esthetics in dialog with other non-anthropocentric representations of nature, starting with the Ancient Western philosophy of art as a human expression of nature (φύσις, physis). In the context of this more primary understanding, the consolidation of an anthropocentric representation of nature based on homo mensura is examined, in which the human being emerges as the measure of all things. This interpretation of nature fosters its progressive reification, which coincides with the emergence of esthetics as a modern philosophical discipline, often articulated around the partial and isolated appreciation of the object. It is argued that environmental esthetics emphasizes an immersive and relational experience with the environment, facilitating a certain release from anthropocentric mental habits, and that the notion of hyperobjects also helps to confront them by laying bare phenomena that exceed the human scale. In line with this expansion of space–time coordinates, which challenge perceptive categories in themselves, an ecosuicidological esthetic is presented, one capable of cultivating a renewed, non-anthropocentric sensitivity. The article resorts to Amerindian knowledges for the concept’s potential deployment and discusses artistic expressions that reconfigure the experience of representing nature, transforming perception and inspiring new forms of reciprocity. Full article
27 pages, 1443 KB  
Article
Biocultural Ethics for Human–River–Biosphere Co-Inhabitation
by Ricardo Rozzi
Philosophies 2026, 11(4), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies11040123 - 17 Jul 2026
Viewed by 870
Abstract
The reunification of scientific, artistic, and philosophical knowledge empowers us to rethink our relationship with nature in light of a biocultural ethic grounded in co-inhabitation among humans and other-than-human beings in shared habitats. To this end, the biocultural ethic is built upon the [...] Read more.
The reunification of scientific, artistic, and philosophical knowledge empowers us to rethink our relationship with nature in light of a biocultural ethic grounded in co-inhabitation among humans and other-than-human beings in shared habitats. To this end, the biocultural ethic is built upon the 3H model, which values the vital links among co-inhabitants and their life habits in shared habitats. The model integrates the biophysical, cultural, and sociopolitical dimensions characteristic of environmental complexity. In this essay, the 3H model is applied to rivers, examined from biological, philosophical, poetic, and legal perspectives. The result is not only to highlight that rivers are more than merely exploitable resources, but also to show that their “voice” raises a normative (ethical and legal) appeal that, among other aspects, has inspired the new Latin American constitutionalism. This ontological, epistemological, and ethical turn seeks to foster a transition from destruction and homogenization toward a bioculture that values biological and cultural diversity through renewed forms of co-inhabitation with rivers and the biosphere. Full article
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16 pages, 281 KB  
Article
Genetic Manipulation of Plants: A More-than-Human Ethical Challenge
by Grégori de Souza and Jelson Roberto de Oliveira
Philosophies 2026, 11(4), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies11040114 - 8 Jul 2026
Viewed by 506
Abstract
The central argument of this article is that the genetic manipulation of plants raises profound ethical questions that cannot be adequately addressed within a purely anthropocentric framework. Drawing on Hans Jonas’s philosophy of responsibility, the article argues that modern biotechnology transforms living organisms [...] Read more.
The central argument of this article is that the genetic manipulation of plants raises profound ethical questions that cannot be adequately addressed within a purely anthropocentric framework. Drawing on Hans Jonas’s philosophy of responsibility, the article argues that modern biotechnology transforms living organisms into objects of technological intervention, thereby challenging traditional distinctions between subject and object in the domain of technology. Because plants are living beings that possess their own intrinsic good and play a fundamental role in the biosphere, their genetic manipulation must be evaluated not only in terms of human utility but also in relation to ecological integrity, intergenerational responsibility, and the preservation of life’s evolutionary continuity. The article proposes an approach that remains largely unexplored in the international literature: interpreting plant genetic engineering through the lens of Jonasian ontology of life and the ethics of responsibility, thereby moving the debate beyond the limits of traditional anthropocentrism. Full article
18 pages, 285 KB  
Article
Caring for the Digital Garden: Toward a Paradigm of Digital Environmental Ethics
by Silvia Dadà
Philosophies 2026, 11(3), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies11030101 - 22 Jun 2026
Viewed by 502
Abstract
New information and communication technologies (ICTs) and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) have profoundly shaped our relationship with the world and with ourselves. As they are no longer merely tools or media, many scholars now describe these technologies in terms of environments. [...] Read more.
New information and communication technologies (ICTs) and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) have profoundly shaped our relationship with the world and with ourselves. As they are no longer merely tools or media, many scholars now describe these technologies in terms of environments. Although the concept of the digital environment has been extensively examined from a theoretical perspective, an ethics of digital environments qua environments has not yet been developed. In this paper, we advance a framework for an ethics of artificial environments, beginning with the fundamental questions that define this field of inquiry. The article develops this proposal in three steps: first, it examines the form of intrinsic value that may be attributed to digital environments; second, it considers the ways in which humans inhabit and dwell within these environments; and finally, it elaborates the metaphor of the digital garden as an ethically significant space in which responsibility is articulated through cultivation, co-dependence, and sustained care. Full article
12 pages, 207 KB  
Article
On the Impossibility of Dwelling in the Metaverse
by Iago Ramos
Philosophies 2026, 11(3), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies11030100 - 20 Jun 2026
Viewed by 330
Abstract
This paper examines whether genuine dwelling—understood as embodied engagement with a world that resists, endures, and exceeds human control—can occur in the metaverse. Drawing on Heidegger’s account of dwelling and Ingold’s concept of the ‘taskscape’, it argues that the metaverse is structurally unable [...] Read more.
This paper examines whether genuine dwelling—understood as embodied engagement with a world that resists, endures, and exceeds human control—can occur in the metaverse. Drawing on Heidegger’s account of dwelling and Ingold’s concept of the ‘taskscape’, it argues that the metaverse is structurally unable to sustain dwelling in the full ontological sense. The argument unfolds in three steps. First, dwelling is shown to depend on friction: bodily cost, temporal irreversibility, material resistance, and exposure to mortal finitude. Second, the metaverse is interpreted as a technological and commercial project oriented toward reducing these frictions through attenuated bodily burden, reversible action, programmable environments, and artificial scarcity. Third, the paper extends the concept of the metaverse beyond immersive hardware to describe a broader condition of digitalized life in which experience becomes increasingly modifiable, personalized, and optimized. In this wider sense, the difficulty of dwelling in the metaverse is not limited to a niche technology but reveals a tendency within late-digital culture itself. The paper concludes by proposing a politics of friction: a public deliberation over which resistances are unjust and should be transformed, and which are constitutive conditions of ethical, ecological, and responsible life. Full article
13 pages, 247 KB  
Article
Rewilding Home: Reconsidering Our Dwelling in the World
by Luca Valera
Philosophies 2026, 11(3), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies11030096 - 12 Jun 2026
Viewed by 435
Abstract
This paper focuses on the increasing relevance of rewilding in the context of the global ecological crisis. This crisis is conceived not only as a loss of biodiversity, but also as a breakdown in our capacity to dwell meaningfully on Earth. Although rewilding [...] Read more.
This paper focuses on the increasing relevance of rewilding in the context of the global ecological crisis. This crisis is conceived not only as a loss of biodiversity, but also as a breakdown in our capacity to dwell meaningfully on Earth. Although rewilding has been developed primarily as an ecological restoration strategy, this paper argues that it is first and foremost an ethical concept. In this sense, starting from Næss’s ecosophy, contemporary theories of self-rewilding, and environmental virtue ethics, this paper develops a philosophical framework that interprets rewilding as a form of dwelling based on the concept of oikos (home). It shows that rewilding entails a transformation of human agency through identification and self-realization, which makes the “ecological self” emerge. As for its methodology, the paper adopts a conceptual and interdisciplinary approach, combining ecology, environmental philosophy, and virtue ethics. The paper concludes that the concept of rewilding should be linked both to ecological restoration and ethical flourishing, requiring the development of certain virtues—e.g., humility and the recognition of ecological dependence. In this regard, rewilding should offer a relevant context to rethink our relationship with nature, starting from the idea of dwelling in the common home. Full article
17 pages, 284 KB  
Article
The Epistemic Stratification of Ecological Thought: An Inquiry into the Models of Environmental Understanding
by Andrea Gentili
Philosophies 2026, 11(3), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies11030092 - 4 Jun 2026
Viewed by 757
Abstract
What do we mean when we talk about the “environment” inside the ecological discourse? Do we really have a clear and distinct notion of it? This paper argues that the “environment” is not a single object approached from different disciplinary angles, but a [...] Read more.
What do we mean when we talk about the “environment” inside the ecological discourse? Do we really have a clear and distinct notion of it? This paper argues that the “environment” is not a single object approached from different disciplinary angles, but a stratified epistemic field in which distinct models produce distinct results. Against the assumption of a unified environmental referent, the article reconstructs four major models of understanding: (1) the scientific model of the ecosystem, (2) the moral model of nature as value, (3) the aesthetic model of landscape, and (4) the juridical model of territory or land. Each of these models is shown to function as a specific device of objectivation, unifying heterogeneous elements according to its own rationality: systemic regulation, axiological orientation, experiential appearance, or the normative ordering of living space. Through historical and conceptual analyses, the paper demonstrates that these models are neither mutually reducible nor merely complementary perspectives on the same object. Rather, they generate different environmental objects, each governed by its own epistemic logic. What the paper suggests is that the environment remains (as it should) a polyvocal concept, and that a critical epistemology of the environment, precisely because of this polyvocality, must concern itself with mapping these models and explicating their architecture and techniques of functioning. Full article
12 pages, 214 KB  
Article
The Ethics of Intergenerational Justice: From the Gortyn Code to Climate Courts
by Dimitrios Dimitriou, Aristi Karagkouni, Maria Sartzetaki, Evangelia Schoinaraki, Antonia Moutzouri and Vasileios Benteniotis
Philosophies 2026, 11(3), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies11030074 - 9 May 2026
Viewed by 794
Abstract
Intergenerational equity has become central to contemporary sustainability discourse and climate litigation, as courts increasingly confront whether present generations may legitimately deplete ecological resources in ways that impose irreversible burdens on those yet to come. This article argues that the normative structure underlying [...] Read more.
Intergenerational equity has become central to contemporary sustainability discourse and climate litigation, as courts increasingly confront whether present generations may legitimately deplete ecological resources in ways that impose irreversible burdens on those yet to come. This article argues that the normative structure underlying contemporary intergenerational climate claims reflects a recurring institutional logic identifiable much earlier in legal history. Focusing on the Gortyn Code (5th century BCE), one of the earliest and most extensive surviving Greek law codes, the analysis reveals how rules governing property, inheritance, guardianship, and family relations constructed an architecture of intergenerational continuity through enforceable constraints on present authority over inherited assets. The Code restricted alienation of inherited assets, structured succession through fixed distributive formulas, and imposed mechanisms designed to preserve the material foundations of future social existence. These provisions are then interpreted in relation to contemporary sustainability frameworks, emphasizing trusteeship, burden inheritance, and ecological thresholds. The article considers recent climate litigation to illustrate how modern courts increasingly translate intergenerational commitments into enforceable duties through functionally equivalent reasoning. The findings suggest that climate adjudication represents a modern manifestation of a deeper logic already visible in the Gortyn Code, one that emerges regardless of whether the resource at stake is owned or unowned, and that this parallel carries implications for the design and institutional anchoring of intergenerational obligations in contemporary climate governance. Full article

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14 pages, 283 KB  
Essay
More-than-Human Ethics: A Complex Issue
by Maria Laura Giacobello
Philosophies 2026, 11(4), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies11040128 - 22 Jul 2026
Viewed by 549
Abstract
This article explores the ecological crisis as a multidimensional phenomenon that engages humanity at an existential and therefore philosophical level. Starting from the recognition of the authentic human condition, as that of a being deeply rooted in an ecosystem whose balance sustains its [...] Read more.
This article explores the ecological crisis as a multidimensional phenomenon that engages humanity at an existential and therefore philosophical level. Starting from the recognition of the authentic human condition, as that of a being deeply rooted in an ecosystem whose balance sustains its well-being, it argues for moving beyond the anthropocentric fallacy that has driven humankind to pursue its dream of Promethean domination. Rather, the complex nature of the human being, at once biological and cultural, carries a message of universal solidarity. In ignoring this message, humanity has betrayed its true identity: that of a steward of life understood in its universal dimension. As a conscious part of nature, humanity is entrusted with caring for it, adopting a more-than-human ethics grounded in respect and love for the relationships that connect all things within the web of life. This calls for revisiting the anthropological question through a systemic lens, opening onto an alternative epistemological and ontological perspective, one that allows us to rethink humanity’s relationship with the entire ecosphere and imagine a different way of co-dwelling on Earth. Full article
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