Advances in Inhaled Formulations for Pulmonary Drug Delivery

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Pharmacy and Formulation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2025 | Viewed by 1521

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
Interests: drug delivery to the lung; formulations for dry powder inhalers; formulations for nebulisers; nanosuspension for inhaled
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Developing a safe and effective form of inhalable therapy requires a pharmacologically active molecule/drug that has been combined with a well-designed delivery system and formulation. Inhaled formulations are used to treat a range of respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary arterial hypertension, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary infections, as well as to deliver systemic medications via the lungs.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in inhaled formulations due to the pressing need to improve inhalable drug therapeutic efficacy, enhance the treatment of respiratory diseases, minimise side effects, improve drug delivery efficiency, and increase patient compliance. For example, inhaled nanoparticle-based formulations have been utilised to enhance drug solubility, stability, and targeted delivery within the lungs. Moreover, drugs have been encapsulated in liposomal inhalation therapies to improve their stability and bioavailability. Additionally, inhaled formulations are being explored for biologics, macromolecules, and gene therapies, opening new avenues for treating conditions like cystic fibrosis, asthma, and lung cancer. Furthermore, inhaled formulations for combination therapy are another recent advancement in the field of inhalable formulation research.

This Special Issue seeks to compile the cutting-edge research and innovative developments that are transforming the landscape of inhalable formulations, including novel inhalable nano-formulations, novel inhalable gene therapies and biologics formulations, extended-release inhaled formulations, targeted pulmonary delivery strategies, 3D printing in inhalation formulations, smart inhalers, and any other advanced inhaler technologies. In addition, personalised medicine in inhalation and the latest regulatory and safety consideration studies are welcome.

Dr. Khaled Assi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • inhaled biologic
  • inhaled combination therapy
  • inhaled gene therapy
  • inhaled nanoparticles
  • novel inhalable nano-formulation
  • stability
  • solubility
  • smart inhalers
  • three-dimensional printing

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 9324 KiB  
Article
Impact of Co-Spray Drying with Leucine or Trileucine on Aerosol Performance, In Vitro Dissolution, and Cellular Uptake of Colistin Powder Formulations for Inhalation
by Yijing Huang, Kinnari Santosh Arte, Chanakya D. Patil, Qi Zhou and Li Qu
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(2), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17020199 - 5 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1068
Abstract
Background/Objective: Surface enrichment of hydrophobic excipients via spray drying has been demonstrated as an efficient way to protect the dry powder inhaler formulations against moisture-induced deterioration in aerosol performance. However, the impact of such surface enrichment on dissolution and cellular uptake is [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: Surface enrichment of hydrophobic excipients via spray drying has been demonstrated as an efficient way to protect the dry powder inhaler formulations against moisture-induced deterioration in aerosol performance. However, the impact of such surface enrichment on dissolution and cellular uptake is less investigated, which can affect the safety and efficacy of dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Methods: In the present work, hygroscopic colistin was coated with leucine or trileucine, at different weight ratios during spray drying. All the powders were exposed to 75% relative humidity for one week. The aerosol performance was compared before and after the moisture exposure. Various solid-state characterizations, including particle size, particle morphology, crystallinity, water sorption/desorption, and surface composition, were conducted to evaluate the properties of spray-dried colistin with/without leucine or trileucine. Results: The results indicated that leucine or trileucine could protect the aerosol performance of spray-dried colistin against moisture deterioration. Leucine crystallized after spray drying with colistin, and such crystal leucine could further hinder water uptake when leucine was at a 20% or higher weight ratio. Trileucine did not crystallize after spray drying with colistin nor reduce the water uptake. Interestingly, trileucine showed a superior moisture protective effect to that of leucine, which could be attributed to its better surface enrichment efficiency than that of leucine due to its lower water solubility. Conclusions: Importantly, our results showed that the surface enrichment with leucine and trileucine did not significantly affect in vitro dissolution of colistin in the Franz cell test and cellular uptake of colistin in the H441 lung epithelium cell model, which could be attributed to small particle size and incomplete surface coverage by leucine or trileucine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Inhaled Formulations for Pulmonary Drug Delivery)
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