The Future of CNS Therapeutics: Non-Invasive, High-Precision Nose-to-Brain Delivery Platforms

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Drug Targeting and Design".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 355

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
Interests: pharmaceutical science; drug delivery; sustained and controlled release; biomaterials; targeted delivery; medical diagnostics
Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
Interests: medicine development; targeted therapy; drug repurposing; proximity induced therapeutic development; CNS drug discovery; adult and paediatric brain cancers including high grade gliomas; synthetic chem

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Guest Editor
School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
Interests: ultrasmall nanoparticle; blood–brain barrier; drug delivery; targeted therapeutics for aggressive brain cancers; glioblastoma treatment strategies; nanomedicine-based anticancer drug delivery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neurological pathologies, ranging from malignant tumors to neurodegenerative diseases, represent a global health crisis, largely due to the blood–brain barrier and non-specific nature of current drugs. This physiological barrier effectively blocks over 98% of small-molecule drugs and almost all large-molecule biologics, rendering conventional systemic therapies largely ineffective. To circumvent these limitations, the Nose-to-Brain delivery route has emerged as a transformative, non-invasive gateway. By leveraging the unique anatomical architecture of the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways, therapeutic agents can bypass the blood–brain barrier to achieve direct central nervous system access.

This Special Issue aims to showcase recent cutting-edge advancements in functionalized novel drug delivery strategies, designed to shift the therapeutic paradigm from systemic administration to high-precision, localized central nervous system targeting. By engineering targeted novel delivery systems, drug residence time and permeability across the nasal mucosa could be significantly enhanced. This platform holds the potential to revolutionize treatment for a vast array of high-burden central nervous system conditions, including neurooncology, neurodegeneration and emergency neurology.

This Special Issue will provide readers with an overview of the novel approaches being investigated to enhance Nose-to-Brain delivery, further enhancing their understanding of the mechanisms facilitating the transport of drugs and nanocarrier systems at the tissue and cellular level.

By advancing our mechanistic understanding of this route, we are not merely addressing individual diseases; we are unlocking a universal delivery system that secures better clinical outcomes and global healthcare equity.

Dr. Manisha Sharma
Dr. Jiney Jose
Dr. Taskeen Janjua
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • nose-to-brain delivery
  • intranasal drug delivery
  • blood–brain barrier
  • central nervous system
  • targeting nanocarrier systems
  • targeted delivery platforms
  • nasal mucosa permeability
  • neuro-oncology
  • brain tumors
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • drug transport mechanisms
  • tissue-level transport
  • cellular-level transport
  • non-invasive drug delivery
  • precision medicine

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 3548 KB  
Article
Ion-Triggered In Situ Gel Combined with Melatonin Liposomes: Breaking Through the Dual Barriers of Nasal and Brain Delivery to Treat Insomnia
by Zhewen Dong, Xinxin Dong, He Wang, Yujie Pan, Meiqi Yang, Sihan Zhao, Wanxian Deng, Mengshan Han, Tiantian Ye and Shujun Wang
Pharmaceutics 2026, 18(6), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18060656 - 27 May 2026
Viewed by 151
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Insomnia severely impairs quality of life. Oral melatonin (MEL) suffers from poor brain delivery. Intranasal administration bypasses the blood–brain barrier, but rapid mucociliary clearance shortens drug retention, and MEL poor water solubility limits its nasal dissolution. Traditional in situ gels have “gelation-first, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Insomnia severely impairs quality of life. Oral melatonin (MEL) suffers from poor brain delivery. Intranasal administration bypasses the blood–brain barrier, but rapid mucociliary clearance shortens drug retention, and MEL poor water solubility limits its nasal dissolution. Traditional in situ gels have “gelation-first, spreading-second” defects, causing uneven distribution. Herein, we developed a two-step sequential ion-triggered in situ gel combined with MEL liposomes (MEL-Lips-Gel) to enhance solubility, achieve instant uniform coating, and prolong retention for efficient nose-to-brain delivery. Methods: MEL-Lips were dispersed in alginate (first component) and calcium gluconate served as the second component. After sequential spray, the two components mix and form an ion-crosslinked gel. Rheology, in vivo fluorescence imaging, in vitro release, open-field/sucrose preference tests, and H&E staining were performed. Results: MEL-Lips showed uniform size and good encapsulation. The sequential system achieved instant widespread spreading and rapid gelation, significantly prolonged nasal retention, enabled sustained brain delivery, and reversed insomnia-induced hyperactivity and anxiety-like behaviors more effectively than oral MEL, intranasal MEL solution, liposomes alone, or non-liposomal gel, with good nasal safety. Conclusions: This sequential ion-triggered liposome-in-gel strategy synergistically overcomes rapid clearance (via gel) and poor solubility (via liposomes), enhancing nose-to-brain delivery of melatonin and providing a promising platform for insomnia therapy. Full article
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